Abstract
This paper discusses the educational issue of learning disabilities, examines current theories, compares diagnostic procedures, and analyzes various teaching strategies currently being used to help children with learning disabilities.

Tags: learning, disabilities

Abstract
This research design proposes to determine the most effective classroom environment for elementary-school students with learning disabilities by comparing three different classroom environments: Self-contained special education, an inclusive traditional classroom, and an inclusive constructivist classroom.

Tags: learning disabilities, mainstreaming, inclusive, research design

Abstract
This paper compares instructional methods for students with learning disabilities attending an alternative school versus the home school district. The paper discusses the fundamental objectives of each method and the instructional strategies employed to achieve these objectives.

From the Paper
Students with learning disabilities (LD) present unique challenges to teachers who are confronted with the difficult task of engaging them in the learning process and helping them to overcome their learning difficulties. Currently these students are educated in a wide variety of settings including self-contained inclusion and even regular classrooms. In addition, some of these students who have not been successful in any of the aforementioned programs have been placed in alternative schools."

Tags: compare, instructional, methods, for, students, with, learning, disabilities, attending, an, alternative, school, versus, home, school, district

Abstract
This paper explains that children with learning disabilities can easily become alienated from their families, schools and legal authorities. Alienated disabled children are more likely to associate with other alienated children, encouraging each other to commit acts of hostility and delinquency. The author points out that the social learning theory, which states that aggression is not inherited but rather learned through a process called behavior modeling, is the behavior theory most relevant to criminology. The paper concludes that there is no conclusive relationship between learning disabilities and delinquency; however, more research is needed to show that early signs of violence in children can be linked to their environment and a violence-prone history of hyperactive behavior.

Table of Contents
Learning Disability and Juvenile Delinquency
Specific Disabilities
Identifiable Traits
Vygotsky's Social Interaction
Zone of Proximal Development
Self-Regulation
Bandura's Observational Learning
B. F. Skinner's Approach To Learning
The Black Box Metaphor
Reinforcement and Repetition
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Finally, using Skinner's Methods, a student needs opportunities available from his parents and teachers that will give him something to do, something to learn and feel the self-confidence, as he interact with various peers. The student in a conducive environment, receiving encouragement and attention, will take on this learning responsibility and find areas of interest that will mold him for life (Skinner 1969). Students with learning disabilities have more difficulty than others in grasping concepts and communicating information in class. To be effective and ensure learning is taking place, teachers should modify their instruction to meet the various learning styles and abilities of each student with learning disabilities."

Tags: behavior-modification, interaction, learned, behavior-modeling, research

Abstract
This research paper presents a view on the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The paper looks at the history of the act, what it addresses, the problems associated with implementation and how it impacts the disabled. This paper takes a particular point of view of the learning disabled college student and discusses how the ADA affects that population.

From the Paper
"In 1990 Congress created the Americans with Disabilities Act. It was a sweeping legislation that encompassed virtually every aspect of American life - from work and school to commerce and transportation. It was divided into many different areas of influence, but perhaps one of the strongest was its working in conjunction with both the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, in terms of providing for the education, facilities, faculty, services and support for students with disabilities of all kinds. The ADA succeeded in forcing schools and school districts to provide access for those with disabilities to all school buildings through its provision that no American could be discriminated against, either directly or indirectly (with some exceptions) because of their disability."

Tags: ada, learning, disabilities

Abstract
This paper discusses learning in children with learning disabilities. It discusses the need for interventions and how they are more likely to succeed and to bring about successful outcomes if applied early and carried out by teaching experts. The paper specifically focuses on the role of instructional technology and how this can aid teaching children with learning disabilities.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Section One
Learning Disabilities and Variations in Younger Children
Definitions and Overview
The Problematics of a Definition of Learning Disorder
Definitions and General Characteristics
Towards a Working Definition of LD
Overview of Learning Disabilities and Related Disorders
LD Characteristics and the Differentiation of Student Learning Needs
Characteristics and Variables
ADHD
The Issue of Multiple Intelligences
Dyslexia
Co-occurrence
Section 2
Learning Technologies and Learning Disabilities
Introduction: Overview of Learning Technologies
Advantages of Technology in Instruction
Control and Manipulation in Learning Among Sixth Graders
UDL
Other Aspects and Advantages of Technological Instruction
Technology, Confidence and Self-image
Instructional Technologies and Learning Disabilities
A Brief Overview of Theoretical Concerns
Theory and Instructional Technology for Learners with Disabilities
Various Assistive and Instructional Technologies
Specific Areas: Listening
Speech and Language
Reading
Writing
Language
Mathematics
Computers
Conclusions

From the Paper
"There is little doubt the advent of new technical innovations and computer assisted methods will increase and that there will be more methods of helping the learning disabled student on the market in the future. There is also no doubt that these technological means and methods do play a very important role in helping the learner in the modern educational context - and particularly the sixth grade student and other young adolescents."
"However what should be continually borne in mind is that technology changes the environments in which we work and learn. These changes should be researched and studied so that the impact of technology does not usurp those positive aspects from previous teaching methods and techniques that have proven to be of worth. There is a tendency in the excitement about new technologies in some quarters to, as it were, to " throw the baby out with the bath water". In other words, while technology undoubtedly brings great advances in the field of learning disabilities, it should also be treated with caution and 'interrogated' so that only the most effective and helpful technologies are employed."

Tags: computer, student, dyslexia, ADHD

Abstract
This paper explores learning disabilities that affect academic performance. Some of the more common forms of this category of learning disability is dyslexia (problems reading, or understanding what is written), dysgraphia (problems with handwriting or writing in a way the makes sense), and dyscalculia (problems with abstract math or calculations). The paper discusses how children with learning disabilities may be affected, how depression is often the primary cause of learning disabilities in children, treatment approaches, and the importance of the teacher in obtaining help for children with learning disabilities.


Table of Contents:
Understanding Learning Disabilities
Effects on the Home and School Environment
The Teacher and the Child with Learning Disabilities
Treatment and Help

From the Paper
"The connection between learning disabilities and depression needs to be taken seriously by teachers. Students with poor reading skills are more likely to drop out of school and have a suicide rate that is three times that of the normally reading population. The school plays an important role in the development of the child's emotional development. Difficulties at school can lead to difficulties in the emotional, social and family functioning of the child. It is estimated that only 1/4 to 1/3 of the children needing school receive the needed treatment."

Tags: parents, academic performance, struggling atmosphere suicide

Abstract
This paper examines different teaching strategies to enable all teachers to teach the primary (K-3rd) learning disabled students to read at the Miami Park Elementary School. It explores the characteristics of the learning disabled (LD) to depict the extensive difficulties they encounter in learning and shows how students with LD also suffer from behavioral problems because of their learning difficulties. The strategies include: diagnosing students early with reading disabilities, designing an individualized- instruction programs for each student, providing intensive-teaching programs for reading, writing and spelling, designing individualized reading programs for students with reading disabilities and stimulating students? desire to learn through creative forms of expression. It analyzes how ultimately, the successful implementation of these strategies requires the collaboration of both the regular education and LD teachers and how together, they can create a consistent and supportive atmosphere of learning for learning disabled students.

From the Paper
"In other intensive sessions, teachers can employ specialized techniques to help the students with LD overcome their reading difficulties. Many students with LD have difficulties applying what they have learned in other situations. For example, they can read the word "pine," but have difficulties with "wine" or "sign." Therefore, Maureen Lovett, a child psychologist working in experimental public school classrooms in Toronto and Mississauga, came up with a strategy called "talking-to-yourself" learning"a series of rhyming patterns to trigger the sounds of similar words ("Why kids can"t read," 1998, p. 42). Learning education teachers at the Miami Park Elementary School can do further research in other successful techniques for teaching the students. Furthermore, they should also teach the regular education teachers about techniques that work for particular students."

Tags: education, psychologist, writing, spelling, classroom

Abstract
This paper provides an insight into learning disabilities, neurological disorders that affect people's ability to either interpret what they see and hear or to link information from different parts of the brain. It looks at how these limitations show up in many ways in individuals who are generally of average or above-average intelligence and how specific difficulties with oral and written language, coordination, self-control, or attention can extend to schoolwork and can impede learning to read, write, or do math. It also examines how learning disabilities may also cause major difficulties with organizational skills, social perception, and social interaction.

Outline
Introduction
Types of Learning Disabilities
Causes of Learning Disorders
Dealing with Learning Disabilities in the Classroom
Learning Disabilities in Adulthood
Recent Medical Research

From the Paper
"Difficulty manipulating small objects, poor balance, awkwardness with walking, running or climbing and a poor sense of surroundings can indicate a disorder involving motor skills and can affect the ability to learn, but do not meet the criteria for a specific learning disability, such as developmental speech and language, or academic skills disorder.
Problems regarding an individual's social skills may indicate a learning disorder. Disinterest with, or difficulty in interaction with one's peers, overly aggressive or withdrawn attitudes, sudden and extreme mood swings and/or frequent crying or tantrums are some signs of learning disabilities."

Tags: dyslexia, speech, language, articulation, disorder, dysgraphia, barin

Abstract
The paper relates that learning disabilities can make studying more challenging, as it can be more difficult to process, understand and retrieve information. The paper discusses a study by B.E. Proctor, F. Prevatt, K. Adams, A. Hurst and Y. Petscher that indicated that students with learning disabilities demonstrated weaknesses in study skills in comparison to students without learning disabilities. The paper explains eight strategies that may help all kinds of students learn effectively and achieve academic success.

Outline:
What is a Learning Disability?
Study Skills of Students with Learning Disabilities
Eight Strategies for Effective Studying

From the Paper
"The term "learning disability" is used to describe a wide array of difficulties that manifest in different ways (Milsom & Hartley, 2005). By definition, students with learning disabilities may demonstrate weaknesses in one or more areas involved in learning. These areas include: spelling, reading, writing, speaking, listening, thinking, and mathematics (Milsom & Hartley, 2005). The manner in which learning disabilities manifest is unique to each individual (Milsom & Hartley, 2005). Learning disabilities can make studying more challenges, as it is often more difficult to process, understand, and retrieve information. Strategies to aid students with learning disabilities can help in developing understanding, the achievement of better grades, and furthermore increase self-esteem and confidence."

Tags: information, retention, comprehension

Abstract
The writer of this paper contends that a sure sign a child may have a learning disability is when his or her academic achievement is significantly lower than his or her overall cognitive ability would predict. This paper analyzes the growing evidence which states that genetics may play a role in assessing whether or not a child has a learning disability. This paper discusses the difficulty in correctly diagnosing learning disabilities while researchers and specialists claim that cerebral dysfunction may be a contributing factor, although this has yet to be confirmed. This paper examines the various forms of treatment which have proven successful yet must be tailored to meet the needs of each child. The writer stresses and explains that in order for treatment to be successful general education teachers and specialists must work together using a problem-solving approach.

Table of Contents:
Early Signs of Learning Disabilities
Causes
Assessment
Treatment
Learning Disabilities and Inclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Because learning disabilities can take so many forms, determining the cause can be difficult. Researchers assume some form of cerebral dysfunction, but often the precise reason for this cannot be identified. Some things that my contribute include trauma during birth, low birth weight, smoking by the mother while pregnant or alcohol consumption by the expected mother. Lead exposure in early child can be a contributor as 50% of children with documented lead poisoning show reading problems. Other contributors include some illnesses, such as some forms of meningitis, and chronic ear infections have been tied to some learning and communication problems."

Tags: special, education, testing, cerebral, dysfunction, therapy, treatment, teachers, specialists

Abstract
This paper explains that, since students with disabilities need to develop adult skills that will enable them to live, work, and interact in integrated community settings, the educational system guarantees they are provided with an appropriate educational experience. The author points out that the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is very specific in its wording that children with disabilities should be educated along with children without disabilities; however, inclusion does not mean that students with disabilities must have the same curriculum or the same educational goals. The paper relates that Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), with or without hyperactivity, is becoming an increasingly prevalent problem and that these children are at higher risk for learning, behavioral, and emotional problems.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Issues
Inclusion
Free and Public Education (FAPE)
Due Process
Disabilities
Learning Disabilities
Behavior Disorder: ADD
Mental Retardation
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Accommodations should be made to enable and enhance the learning experience of the disabled student. Services should be provided that allow the student to participate in as many aspects of the classroom activities as possible. Personnel are to be provided, based on the needs of the student. Staff development and training will be given to all that have need, in order to provide the disabled student with a quality education."

Tags: process, attention, retardation, training, inclusion

Abstract
This research delves into the still open question of the influence of family interaction on communication impairments and learning disabilities. It shows how some have suggested that interactional or family environment factors combined with neurocognitive issues are relevant in the etiology, the manifestation, and the maintenance of learning disabilities, since guided participation through joint involvement with parents as well as with other social partners is essential for "learning to learn." The paper explains how this is where the child first learns to handle intellectual skills and tools such as language. Some parental behaviors are thought to hinder language development. Children with learning disabilities show the inability to employ effective communication strategies, and this lack seems to develop over time. It analyzes why children with language disorders show greater difficulty in selecting and using appropriate vocabulary than do children with language disorders, but why the evidence implicates underlying language deficits for children with LD as well.

From the Paper
"This article reports on a study of parent-child interaction by observing two carefully matched subgroups: 1) school-age boys with learning disabilities (LD) who showed a discrepancy between their verbal IQ and performance IQ and had more extensive difficulties in higher-level language abilities; and 2) boys with LD who did not manifest a discrepancy between verbal IQ and performance IQ. The effects of the child's language problems on child task performance and on the quality of maternal communication were analyzed in a mother-child problem solving task. Children in the first group were found to be less successful on the task than children in the second group, and their mothers also showed lower communication clarity in their instructions than the mothers of the children in the second group. The researcher also notes an interesting interaction effect for communication deviances. For mothers in the first group, the extent of deficient communication increased from the monologue to the dialogue situation, whereas communication deviances decreased for mothers in the second group. This leads to a discussion of three possible models to explain the differences between the two groups."

Tags: speech, monologue, verbal

Abstract
This paper presents a discussion of the variables that affect the learning performance in the classroom for children with disabilities(learning styles, discipline, parent involvement, teaching style). The paper describes the learning and behavioral problems of children with disabilities in the classroom and discusses the need for modifications to the curriculum to serve this student population.

From the Paper
"As a result of their cognitive, social, emotional and behavioral impairments, children with disabilities often exhibit learning and behavioral problems that undermine their learning performance in the classroom. These deficits interfere with their ability to attend to the teachers and complete their tasks. Furthermore, their low tolerance threshold for frustration and rigidities often prevent them from acquiring new knowledge and skills. To address these issues confronted by educators of children with disabilities, researchers have identified variables that affect the learning performance of these children in the classroom."

Tags: Variables that affect the learning performance in the classroom for children with disabilities(learning styles, discipline, parent involvement, teaching style )

Abstract
This paper defines and examines the different types of learning disabilities that affect children. The author looks at research studies that compare the achievement of children with learning disabilities like dyslexia with children who are not impaired by a disability. The paper discusses LDs in conjunction with behavioral and emotional disabilities as well. The paper also mentions strategies that may improve the educational goals of children with LDs.

From the Paper
"It is not easy to say who is a learning disabled. A lot of arguments have taken place for a certain time in order to classify the learning disabled. According to the term "specific learning disability" means ?a disorder in one or more basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, which may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations."

Tags: education, teach, method, brain, dysfunction, dyslexia, behavior, emotional, research, children, language, training