Abstract The author analyzes the diet and exercise program in the book "LeanBodies." It looks what kind of food you are allowed to eat and in what quantities. The theory behind the diet's makeup is also discussed. The author's grandmother followed the diet, and her progress is documented in order to support the author's theory that this is a safe, easy and healthy eating plan that a person can follow for life.
From the Paper "This calorie spread will change your biochemistry to burn bodyfat. By eating frequent meals, your metabolism is constantly charged up. Principal three: Choose metabolic-activating foods. Cliff Sheats classifies foods into four groups: lean proteins, starchy carbohydrates, lean fibrous vegetables, and essential fatty acids. Under this principle, your daily food intake should be 25% protein, 65% carbohydrate, and 10% fat. Principal four: Program a moderate aerobic exercise. Exercise has a dramatic impact on metabolism increase if you are eating enough calories to support your extra energy requirements. An aerobic activity several times a week that lasts 45-60 minuets each session is suggested."
Abstract This paper examines the effects of a high fat/low-carbohydrate diet such as Atkins, on body weight and composition. This paper compares such a high fat diet to the effects of a calorie-reduced, fat-restricted diet in an attempt to answer the question of whether weight loss occurs because of a metabolic advantage. Metabolic advantage means that the body begins to use fat as energy due to a lowered carbohydrate intake.
From the Paper "One possible reason that the subjects in the Pogliaghi and Veicsteinas (1999) study did not appear to benefit from a low-carbohydrate/high fat diet might be that they have not been participating in endurance training. As an individual exercises, the resulting muscle contractions are done using ATP. How the body creates and uses this ATP is dependant upon the amount of the energy sources available, and the intensity and duration of the exercise. In all individuals, even those who are non-obese, glycogen is generally used for ATP and thus, during moderate exercise, the body creates ATP from available glycogen. As the intensity of exercise is increased, oxygen levels in the body decrease, which makes the creation of ATP difficult. The body, at this point, will begin to burn fat to substitute for this lack of ability. Since prolonged endurance training has the affect of conditioning the muscles to "crossover" to burn glycogen after longer time duration, trained individuals will burn more fat and less glycogen than untrained individuals will. This might explain why the study done by Pogliaghi and Veicsteinas (1999) yielded such results as it did, since the individuals in the study were not trained athletes."
Abstract This paper discusses Mimi Richter's book on teen dieting and how parents can cope with it. It details several extensive research interviews with a large group of girls over an extended period of time and looks at what teen girls and their parents had to say about the issues of body image and weight control. It discusses the whole female body weight issue in American culture from an anthropological point of view.
From the Paper "In the book Fat Talk: What Girls and their Parents Say about Dieting, the author Mimi Richter looks at one aspect of teen culture ? perceptions of body image ? from an anthropologist's standpoint. The author explains why she feels an examination of these issues from outside the medical community is important. She reports that she sees many articles in magazines, newspapers and other sources about eating disorders, but notes that only 1 ? 3% of teens actually have some kind of eating disorder. She describes this kind of exaggeration ?a "propensity to pathologize youth" (p. 2). "
Abstract This paper deals with scientific work that has been carried out over recent years to identify a small group of chemicals and hormones that regulate the processes of the body and the brain. The author provides comprehensive information regarding various hormones that are produced in the body, their importance and how they can affect an individual's diet.
Outline:
Introduction
Cortisol
Estrogen and Progesterone
Testosterone
DHEA
Stress and the Diet Hormone Replacement Therapy
Conclusion
From the Paper " Within the last fifteen years or do, research scientists have identified a small group of chemicals and hormones that regulate the processes of the body and the brain, such as insulin (diabetes), adrenaline, noradrenaline and glucagon, "a hormone that stimulates the conversion of glucogen into glucose in the liver and often is linked with hypoglycemia (Parry, 2005, p. 256). And within the last ten years, these same scientists have discovered that the chemical/hormonal story is considerably more complex, due to finding hundreds of newly-identified compounds that regulate a person's mood, his/her susceptibility to particular diseases, and especially what a person eats, i.e. that these chemicals are secreted and made active by certain types of food based on diet and intake.
"At least seventy neurotransmitters (chemicals that modify or result in the transmission of nerve impulses between brain synapses), have also been identified which regulate nerve function, including memory, mental function, mood, movement, the wake-sleep cycle and appetite. The disruption of even one neurotransmitter significantly alters nerve cell function and causes a reaction which affects all other neurotransmitters, profoundly affecting many natural processes in the brain and the body."
Abstract This paper examines how the world today is full of messages and images about body image. It discusses how, although the images and messages are directed towards both men and women, women bear the brunt of most advertising campaigns for body products, diet aids, and fashion. It looks at how these ideas of body image affect woman of all ages and can have detrimental affects on the mental and physical health of women.
From the Paper "When body image is low, dieting often occurs. It has been shown that dieting can also lead to many problems. According to a 1987 study, over 95% of the female population have dieted at least once in their lives (Dittrich, 2003). Often, the dieting is not healthy eating, but rather just a reduction of food intake. This diet method leads to depression and other emotional problems due to a lack of proper nutrition. In addition, deprivation of calorie intake has been shown to cause permanent damage to the learning part of the human brain (Hicken, 2002)."
Abstract This paper analyzes and examines the issue of women and dieting. In Part II it discusses how women have come to perceive themselves as sex objects. Part III examines the various eating disorders and diets women follow to attain this perfect body image. Part IV outlines ways in which women are now finally coming to terms with reality and the fact that women do not and cannot all be carbon copies of what they see in magazines, movies, newspapers, and television.
From the Paper "The idealized female body as seen in the media is tall, toned, and thin. Women who are thin are seen as "in control" and exude power and self-confidence whereas overweight women are seen as lazy and lacking self-discipline. What most individuals overlook is the fact that advertising and media use many different techniques to create perfect images of female beauty. For example, we do not see the body doubles and computer retouching used to manipulate images. In reality, most women portrayed as sex objects in the media do not look that way in everyday, normal life."
Abstract The paper argues that the media does not present a too thin body image, rather it is the white culture that dictates the ideal, thin body images. The paper highlights how white culture stresses beauty is thinness while black culture emphasizes self-respect, being happy with oneself and accepting a larger body size. The paper asserts that the media's norms are changing with the introduction and focus on black culture.
From the Paper "Body image in the media is intended to represent a product and to sell that product. The media gurus choose thin models not as attesting to how women should look but rather as a tribute to how they want their product to appear to the audience. The idea of thinness is misconstrued on the idea that women's bodies are too thin and thus those too thin bodies present to the advertising world what their body should look like, but this is not true. Thinness is in the eye of the beholder, "When individuals evaluate their appearance, they can either concur or disagree with other evaluators. If dissensus occurs its direction can be either self enhancing or self-denigrating" (Levinson 1986; 330)."
Abstract This paper analyzes the issues pertinent to society's demands of women and their appearances. The paper examines the ways women feel about their bodies, and explains how their looks sometimes define their self confidence and self esteem. The paper provides references from various books and surveys on this topic. An in-depth look is taken at the breast cancer patient and how she deals with her body image.
From the Paper "Somewhere in the media and development of our current social paradigm women have developed the idea that there really is not "perfect" woman, but each woman would like to be the first one. This is what causes the never-ending spiral effect of women's competition to be "perfect". Conscienceless or unconsciously, women believe that they will never be perfect; There will always be a "better look" to strive for. Personally I think there is a lot of nonsense in this theory that women have convinced themselves is common knowledge and fact. What women are really seeking is the happiness that is believed to be possessed by men because it doesn?t really matter what men look like as long as they are successful in their jobs."
Abstract This paper explains that lean production refers to the outcome of work reorganization and organizational processes such as just-in-time, continuous improvement and teamwork concerned with stripping out costs. The author points out that lean production is so named because it uses less of everything compared with mass production. The paper relates that, for example, lean production uses half the engineering hours to develop a new product in half the time, demands reduced space everywhere and half the investment in tools.
From the Paper "Lean production refers to the outcome of work reorganization and organizational processes such as "just-in-time, continuous improvement, and teamwork concerned with stripping out costs" (Yates, Lewchuk & Stewart, 2001, pp. 96-97). The problem with lean production is that it creates very serious negative impacts for how the worker experiences work. Lean manufacturing is so named because "it uses less of everything, compared with mass production: half the human effort in the factory, half the manufacturing space, half the investment in tools, half the engineering hours to develop a new product in half the time" (Rao, 1999, p. 1)."
Abstract This paper discusses what body image is, what exactly is being viewed by women in women's magazines and then why these images have the effect that they do. It then discusses women's reactions, how they make them feel and how viewing women's magazines can affect their self-image. It then goes into detail of what could be done to fix this.
From the Paper "Flip absent-mindedly through any young women's magazine and in between the titles and pages of ?4 Hot New Makeup Looks? and "Little Signs He's The One", you"ll see dozens and dozens of women who all look the same. Women advertising one thing or another, all with the exact same incredible makeup, all with skin highlighted with professional lighting and computer touch-ups, all pouting in that sexy manner and leaning in the same seductive poses" all perfectly sweet, sexy, and skinny. All with perfect bodies."
Abstract This paper examines diet jokes and the Israeli women's attitude towards the diet culture. An analysis of jokes connected to dieting. An examination of the attitudes of women towards the pressures of dieting by relating to the themes revealed in diet jokes. The thesis is supported by interviews with Israeli women and participation in an Israeli weight watchers group.
Contents
Chapter 1:
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Origins of the ?Diet Culture?
1.3 Diet Culture Ideology
1.4 Feminist Critique of the ?Diet Culture?
1.5 Studying Culture through Humor
1.6 Overview of Following Chapters
Chapter 2: Field Methods:
2.1 The Field
2.2 The Research Population
2.3 Participant Observation as a "Native Anthropologist"
2.4 Text Analysis
Chapter 3: Diet Humor
3.1 The Difference between Diet Jokes and Fat Jokes
3.2 Themes in Diet Humor:
A. Diet Rules and Practice
B. Diet Products
C. Diet Culture Ideology
D. Clothes and Fashion
E. Diet Culture, Food and Social Interaction
Chapter 4: Discussion and Conclusions
4.1 Diet Humor as Resistance
4.2 Diet Humor as Solidarity between Women
4.3 Conclusion
Bibliography
Appendix
From the Paper "This M.A. thesis is an ethnographic study of humor produced and used by young Israeli women who are part of the Israeli "diet culture". The goal of this thesis is to answer the questions: what is "diet humor"? How does it relate to "diet culture"? What impact does it have on the everyday lives of young women in Israel and to answer the additional question: does the appearance of "diet humor" signify a form of resistance to the prevailing "diet culture"? As I will discuss further on in this chapter, "diet culture" is very closely linked to consumer culture (Bordo, 1995, Featherstone, 1991) and the capitalist market (Turner, 1982). Advertisers and the mass media, which are financed by advertising, construct its images. Purchasing and using a range of aggressively marketed diet "products" carry out its practices. In Israel, that seems to idealize American culture, many diet culture images and products have been imported from the USA and are currently being marketed by Israeli companies."
Abstract In this article the writer discusses all about the end of Fordism. The writer then examines the rise of lean production, as pioneered by the Japanese auto manufacturer, Toyota, in the 1950s. The writer describes that this method has since been widely emulated worldwide.
From the Paper "Fordism was the first method of mass production, and it remained the main method of mass production until around 1970. So pervasive was it that Fordism became almost synonymous with capitalism and mass production. However, by 1970 Fordism was in crisis, for a number of reasons. In the automobile industry, there was never any thought of ending mass production - thus, there was no quest for alternatives to mass production. For the auto industry the crisis came down to what other approach to mass production could be used."
Abstract This report presents a review of an article on technology and human capacity by Edward Tenner titled, "Technology, Technique and the Body." The paper discusses Tenner's belief that technology and technique are ultimately one and the same.
Abstract The ability of life to adapt to new environments is one of the principle foundations of Natural Selection. The paper shows that, given the great importance of diet on the course of our evolutionary past, it is astounding that more research has not been conducted on the origins of our dieting habits. The literature that has been written on the subject of diet has taken on many forms. Some researchers have focused on the social origins of diet and how it affects different categories of people, while others have focused on the cognitive functions behind different dieting behaviors. This literature review examines some of the past research that has been conducted and attempts to put this research into an evolutionary based frame.
From the Paper "This model theorizes that females, since females bear young, would establish small groups near a constant food source in order to ensure the health of young offspring. Males, on the other hand, would have a larger territory that would encompass several smaller female groups. Males would roam this territory and be constantly on the move, allowing for males to eat a wider (but less constant) diet. Males would therefore have a predisposition to eat anything that could be eaten, and therefore care less about the "healthy" aspect of the foodstuff. Females, having maintained a constant source of food over several generations, would be more selective with their caloric intake and only choose to eat the healthier foods."
Abstract This paper begins with a brief synopsis of the Atkins diet and the medical philosophy behind the diet. The paper then reviews studies on the diet's short-term safety and effectiveness and cites the positive results of these studies, while at the same time noting the lack of sufficient medical studies done on the long-term safety and effectiveness of the diet.
From the Paper "Recent research suggests that the low-carbohydrate Atkins diet is safe and effective in the short term. Today, millions of Americans follow the Atkins diet, making questions of safety and effectiveness increasingly important. In controlled studies, those on the Atkins diet lost more weight, had bigger increases in heart-friendly HDL cholesterol and had larger decreases in triglyceride levels when compared to dieters on a "normal" diet. Despite the diet's clear short-term success, the long-term effectiveness and safety of the diet have not been conclusively established, although a diet that combines the traditional Atkins diet with low fat may help to reduce some of these potential risks. Overall, the Atkins diet seems to be an effective way to shed pounds, at least in the short term. The Atkins diet may provide an effective and safe means to improve health, even when potential concerns about the diet are contrasted against the documented and well-known dangers of obesity."
