Abstract
Opening with a look at the League of Nations, this paper analyzez the context of the League of Nations and why the United states decided not to join. The paper also provides a look at the articles and provisions created by the council for the League of Nations. A large portion of the paper regards the US internal debate over whether or not to join the league. This debate, which worked its way through the 66th Congress is described in detail. The paper concludes with a brief explanation of how the League of Nations led to its current incarnation, the United Nations.

Outline:
Introduction
Background and Overview
The U.S. Debate over Membership in the League of Nations
The British Debate over Membership in the League of Nations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Following the end of the "War to End All Wars," an international forum that was capable of addressing the inevitable political and economic differences that will always take place between nations certainly seemed like a good idea but many modern observers may not realize the enormous controversy that resulted from this seemingly benign proposal. To this end, this paper examines the reasons the United States decided not to enter into the League of Nations while their British counterparts did join. This paper explains that the decision of the U.S. to stay out of the League was largely a political one based on the composition of the U.S. government and the adversarial nature of its political parties. In the U.S. the major legislative making body of the U.S. Congress did not have the same political affiliations or agenda as the president and even many of his supporters, while in Britain, the Prime Minister as the head of the Majority party in Parliament enjoyed more support for the United Kingdom's membership in the League. In support of this argument, this paper examines the peer-reviewed and scholarly literature concerning the respective positions that emerged on both sides of the Atlantic concerning the reasons in support and those opposed to U.S. and British membership in the League of Nations, followed by a summary of the research and important findings in the conclusion."

Tags:america, politics, league of nations

Abstract
In this article, the writer compares and contrasts the League of Nations and the United Nations as international organizations formed to maintain peace and international cooperation. The writer discusses the League's role in reducing international tensions and its limited effectiveness. Further, the writer discusses the complexity of the United Nations as an organization.

From the Paper
Inis L. Claude stated that 'One World' is in some respects an idea land an aspiration born of modern interpretations of ancient moral thoughts and of rational estimates of the requirements for human survival. Both the League of Nations and its successor the United Nations were created as international organizations with a vested interest in maintaining the peace, preventing war, creating a mechanism or set of mechanisms for international cooperation and diplomacy and otherwise serving as trustees of ... "

Tags:League of Nations, United Nations

Abstract
This paper outlines the aims and the design of the League of Nations following its establishment in 1919. It looks at the responsibility of the League of Nations and examines whether this new system of international organisation differed fundamentally from the one that had dominated the pre-war world up until that point. The paper is largely written in point form.

Table of Contents:
Section One:
Introduction And Overview
Section Two:
Executive Summary Of The Aims Of
The League Of Nations
Introduction
Aims Of The League Of Nations
Section Three:
The Aims Of The League Of Nations
Introduction
Overall Outline Of Aims
Examination Of Aims
Section Four:
Executive Summary Of The Design
Of The League Of Nations
Introduction
Design Of The League
Section Five:
The Design Of The League Of Nations
Introduction
The Overall Design
Section Six:
Executive Summary Of The Differences
Between The League Of Nations And Pre War International Organisations
Introduction
Section Seven:
The Differences Between The League Of Nations And Pre War International Organisations
Introduction
Section Eight:
Literary Review

From the Paper
"The history of the League of Nations, although being a legitimate field of study has been subject to very little revisionist literature. Even Boemeke, Feldman and Glaser offer little reassessment, regardless of the title of their work. Furthermore as Macmillan outlines "Only a handful of eccentric historians still bother to study the League of Nations" . Given this it is difficult to interpret and evaluate different schools of thought on this issue and the relative bias that such views would provide."
"During the research for this report two sources proved to be extremely useful. These were Leroy Bennett's International Organisations and Alan Sharp's The Versailles Settlement. Bennett's work focuses on the actual logistical processes involved in the League of Nations and outlines in eloquent detail the roles and responsibilities of the various organs of the League. Armstrong's From Versailles to Maastricht also achieves this."

Tags:peace, diplomacy, security

Abstract
This paper explains that, although the U. S. failed to support the League of Nations, America supported the United Nations because the supreme national interest of America was to obtain a world atmosphere in which the United States could grow its inner social values devoid of undue commotion or danger from the outside. The author points out that collective action via the United Nations instead of unilateral action was considered politically viable on key political issues. The paper concludes that the League of Nations and the United Nations disappointed hopes the following the two world wars because, in no way, can they be an autonomous political power; at best, the U.N. is a mirror image of the opposing interest of autonomous states.

Table of Contents
Introduction
America's Rejection to Support the League of Nations
The Historical Background
The Fundamental Principals that Lead to the Rejection of the League of Nations
America's Support for the United Nations
Using United Nations to Achieve the Goals of American Foreign Policy
The Fundamental Goal of Military Security
The Fundamental Goal of Political Security:
The Fundamental Goal of Stability and Welfare
The Fundamental Goal of World Order
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the United States of America the major disagreement on both the groundwork venture and the refined Covenant of the League of Nations had been on the base that the League would function as an intrusion with the sovereignty of America and with the Monroe principle, that it concerned desertion of the traditional American policy, which had not been in favor of entrapped coalitions, and that the government did not have the power, within its Constitution, to insert such an agreement . Independence has revealed to be just so much freedom of action on the behalf of countries as is coherent with their responsibility, within international law and principles, to authorize the application of uniform independence or freedom of action by their sister countries. The League agreement had assured all States in their application of this sovereignty free from coercion by other Countries, and he who desires more is actually in search of the authorization thoughtlessly to ignore these commitments -- to refuse, for instance, the fair rulings of a properly established tribunal -- which is the German perception of independence."

Tags:monroe, miliatary, security, stability, goal

Abstract
This paper describes how, after the first World War steps were taken toward a unified group of member nations across the globe that would together form The League of Nations. The paper outlines the history of the League's formation and discusses its role and value in today's society.

Outline:
Introduction
The League of Nations is born
Modern Day Reflection upon the League of Nations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"When the horrible fighting of World War I finally ended in November, 1918, the entire civilized world, in catching its collective breath, soon realized that not only the war that had just concluded, but indeed all war, was a revolting part of the human experience that was begging to be eradicated once and for all. It was during this time that the first steps were taken toward a unified group of member nations, across the globe that would together form what would come to be called The League of Nations. Lasting until 1945 and then morphing into the modern day United Nations, the League was an experiment in world government that, as this research will discuss, is imitated and cited to this day as an attempt to attain world peace. Additionally, this research will take a deeper look into the origins of The League of Nations, its achievements and controversies."

Tags:peace-keeper, unified, achievements

Abstract
This paper discusses the failure of the League of Nations. The paper contends that the League failed because the major powers of the world would not support it. The paper goes further to explain that the governments of the major powers not only turned their backs and stopped listening to the League; they rejected it from the outset. The paper states that the failure of the League to accomplish their ultimate goal -the prevention of war- signalled its demise. The paper defines the League as an international experiment that was built with the best of intentions but only lasted until hostilities broke out across Europe a meagre 20 years later.
Outline
A New Authority is Born
Preventing War from 1920-1939
The Reasons of Failure
An International Experiment
References

From the Paper
"Globalization throughout the world in the last century has necessitated the creation of an international governing body. The present day's United Nations and its predecessor, The League of Nations, have fulfilled that role since the end of the First World War. Before the Great War, World War I, there was no international body and no way to resolve conflicts that led to war. The destruction of the Great War had ravaged the entire world and showed the leaders of every nation that war was not helpful to their countries, even if they were victorious. These leaders desired to form an assembly of nations that could represent the world as a whole and assure the prevention of war. Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States in 1919, was the biggest supporter of the idea of a League of Nations and he thought that the world's problems could be resolved peacefully in a diplomatic way. "

Tags:united, international, woodrow, wilson

Abstract
The League of Nations, which lasted from 1920 to 1946, was born out American outrage over the idea that Americans were sacrificing increasing numbers of men towards making the world safe for democracy while Europeans were concerned with potential war booty. This paper traces the beginnings of the League with Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points", his intentional exclusion of Russia and Germany from the League and the part the League played in causing the Second World War.

From the Paper
"Americans distrusted foreign alliances after the revelation of the secret treaties and subsequent revelations that most of the horror stories of German atrocities that encouraging America's entry into the war had been fabricated in London. (Brinkley, p. 358.) Whether or not America's participation in the League of Nations could have prevented World War II is a matter of speculation, but Wilson predicted the possibility as he fruitlessly campaigned for his cause. The complex issues leading to World War II were based in the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles that included reparations of $32 billion. The forces in Germany that had pursued policies of world domination before 1914 remained powerful and expectant; the German right denied there had been any Allied victory."

Tags:Leon, Trotsky, Treaty, of, Versailles, Dawes, Plan

Abstract
In this article, the writer describes what might be seen as the failure of President Wilson's foreign policy. The writer discusses whether his moralistic and idealistic approach contributed to these failures.

From the Paper
"Historians generally agree that Woodrow Wilson qualifies as one of the best American presidents. A recent poll of eminent scholars listed him as the ninth most effective leader in U S history between Dwight D Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan. Interestingly dramatic foreign policy failures marked Wilson's career including the inability to secure America's membership in the League of Nations. Wilson's idealism lay behind this failure however his worldview would grow more influential throughout the century. President Wilson proposed the ..."

Tags:Woodrow Wilson, WWI, League of Nations, idealism

Abstract
This paper explains that, while the United Nations (UN) might have been effective in living up to its potential at the outset, that capacity has diminished year after year amid growing mismanagement and corruption within its ranks. The author points out failures of the Security Council and peacekeeping missions and scandals involving criminal schemes, pedophile rings and prostitute trafficking. The paper concludes that just as the League of Nations was disbanded due to loopholes within its structure, the UN also needs to at least face a substantial transfiguration in order to maintain its core goals.

From the Paper
"The UN also is responsible for providing humanitarian relief to nations and peoples in need. Although embargoes were placed on Iraq, the UN allowed Saddam to sell his oil for food and medicine under the 'Food for Oil Program' created by the UN. "The UN's biggest-ever humanitarian undertaking... (became) it's biggest-ever scandal." Document after document was uncovered in 2003, detailing the corruption and naming UN officials who had taken bribes."

Tags:iraq, security council, peacekeeping humanitarian rape

Abstract
This paper explains that the history of the League of Women Voters begins with the very inception of the Women's Movement and the fight for liberation in the United States. Carrie Chapman Catt founded the League of Women Voters in 1920 during the Chicago convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. The author points out that a central characteristic of the League is its inclusive attitude and its non-partisan nature, which provides an unbiased platform for debate and decision making. The paper relates that, since its inception, the League of Women Voters, which is organized at the grassroots level, has dealt with numerous issues covering a wide range of social, political issues, environmental and conservation issues.

Table of Contents
Introduction and Overview
The League of Women Voters
The Purpose and Function
Important Events and Actions
The League Today
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Not only was the League of Women Voters constituted to continue the "mighty experiment" in women's rights and continue the work that had lead to the female vote; but it was also to "help 20 million women carry out their new responsibilities as voters." An important reason for the creation of the League was that Catt and many other women in the suffrage movement realized winning suffrage was only the beginning of the struggle towards full rights and privileges for women within society. They also realized that there was a large amount of education of women voters needed if the full liberation of women was to be achieved."

Tags:suffrage, responsibilities, unbiased, education, nonpartisan