Abstract
This paper states that never before in history has a man violated as many legal obligations as Saddam Hussein; therefore, 1991 Persian Gulf War has become one of the most significant international events of all time. The author points out that the most obvious violation made by Saddam Hussein was in waging a war of aggression against Kuwait. The paper relates that Iraq violated many treaties such as the United Nations and the Pact of the League of Arab States, all of the Security Council's Resolutions and many laws of war, neutrality and belligerent occupation including carrying out a sneak attack, missile terror attacks against civilian populations, the mistreatment of prisoners of war and finally environmental terrorism.

From the Paper
"Another violation of the laws of wars committed by Iraq in the Gulf War was the mistreatment of the prisoners of war. All of the United States armed forces that were taken prisoner by Iraq were mistreated to some degree which is more violations by Iraq under the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. CNN aired footage on January 20, 1991 of American and other prisoners of war that claimed that there was definite mistreatment of them at the hands of the Iraqi's. This mistreatment goes against Article 13 of the Geneva Convention that states, "Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated....Likewise, prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or intimidation and against insults and public curiosity." The fact that these prisoners of war were shown on CNN, the worldwide news program situated at the center of the Gulf Crisis, shows that article 13 was violated since the prisoners were not protected against public curiosity."

Tags:scud, un, treaties, kuwait, resolutions

Abstract
This paper examines the Iraq war from within the framework of the 'just war' theory and the legal parameters established by the United Nations through the Law of War. Through a critical analysis of the justifications presented for the war versus both the letter and the spirit of international law, the paper argues that this is an illegitimate war. The paper contends that the United States is in violation of international laws.

Outline
Introduction
The Legitimacy Question of the Current War
The Doctrine of Preemption and International Law
United States' Violations of International Law
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Following the destruction nations suffered in the wake of World War Two, the international community realized the necessity of establishing mechanisms for the prevention of war and the control of warfare. One means of preventing war was to establish a set of laws, outlining the precise circumstances under which wars may be conducted. The legal circumstances under which war can be conducted are expressed in the United Nations' Charter and the Law of War, both of which are based on the "just war doctrine" (Falk). The just war doctrine emphasizes the difference between wars that are morally principles and which are, basically, justified and those which are neither justified nor based on accepted principles. According to the United Nations' Charter, wars are just only in two cases. The first case is if it is a war of defence against a real threat, or against an actual attack, carried out by another nation (Falk). The second case is if the United Nations Security Council determines that a particular nation is in violation of international law, persistently rejects the application of international law and denies the validity and legitimacy of its institutions, thereby constituting a real threat to regional/global peace and security (Falk). In this case, the United Nations Security Council passes a resolution that legitimizing and authorizing war (Falk). This is what occurred during the first Gulf war of 1991."

Tags:defence, destruction, just

Abstract
This essay discusses the pros and cons of the "War on Drugs" in America, paying specific attention to the sales of drugs, legislation issues, the strain on the judicial system, poor communities, increased costs of the campaign and the infringement of individual rights.

From the paper:

"Some critics have pointed to the amount of money the War on Drugs has cost. They claim that the increased costs of the campaign to stop drug flow into the United States have coincided with a decrease of the amount of money spent on education. However, correlation is not the same as cause. The funding of education is an important role for federal, state and local governments. This is why we have federal funding for some educational programs as well as state and local taxes to help pay for public schools."

Tags:reporting, forfeiture, laws, felony, imprisonment, crack, cocaine, judicial, system, drug

Abstract
In this article, the writer explains that the racist legal codes established in the South after the end of the Civil War were commonly known as Jim Crow laws. The writer discusses that these laws were comprehensive, discriminatory, strict, and dealt with every aspect of Southern society.

From the Paper
"For example, passenger stations operated by railroad companies had to have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for Southern blacks. The conductors of passenger trains were authorized and required to segregate Southern blacks in separate cars or sections of cars."

Tags:laws

Abstract
This paper is an analytical piece on the origins of the Civli war. The main argument is that the division of the union was not necessarily from slavery. The writer argues the war began from the south wishing for freedom from federal laws. Through various quotes and examples, the paper expresses this idea until the end. It concludes with a look at the result of the war.

From the Paper
"This, of course, raises the question as to why the South was so determined to exercise control over federal laws and nullify the U.S. government's legislation. Behind the philosophy of state independence there were many practical concerns, rooted in the fact that the South had vastly different economic interests than the North. Taxation was becoming an especially grievous divider between the two regions. Because factory labor dominated the North, the North wished to limit the import of goods from abroad, so residents would buy American products. However, the large cotton plantations in the South were export-driven."

Tags:civil war, military, united states, president lincoln

Abstract
This paper explains that a main factor leading to the Civil War was the divergent economic development and concerns between the north and south. The paper further explains that there were many economic factors which contributed to the Civil War, but three, manufacturing versus farming, slavery and the need for labor in the south and cash crops were paramount. The paper then attempts to examine these factors and how they contributed to the environment leading to the Civil War.

Tags:Civil War, slavery, regionalism, King Cotton, Dred Scott, fugitive slave laws

Abstract
In war, a distinction is made between murder and killing. Murder is the deliberate killing of another human being and is condemned, but killing another in war is treated as a necessary act and one that does not carry the same stigma. Making other understand the distinction can be difficult, however. In human society, inhibitory restraints against killing other human beings have developed over time and have gained the force of law both moral and man-made.

From the Paper
In war, a distinction is made between murder and killing. Murder is the deliberate killing of another human being and is condemned, but killing another in war is treated as a necessary act and one that does not carry the same stigma. Making other understand the distinction can be difficult, however. In human society, inhibitory restraints against killing other human beings have developed over time and have gained the force of law both moral and man-made. In war, though, these restraints are lessened and have to be overcome to a degree for self-protection. Still, when soldiers have to perform this act, even if it is clear that it is an act of self-protection, it can take a psychological toll. These individuals have

Tags:killing, resistance, war

Abstract
This paper explores African-Americans role in the Revolutionary War. It begins with laws that concerned blacks and firearms as early as 1609. It discusses accounts from actual African Americans and their stories. The paper goes through the process of how blacks were eventually allowed to fight.

From the Paper
"African-American soldiers were used in the Revolutionary War by both the British and the Americans. It was the British who used them initially, but their example was soon followed by the colonies. It was a slow process on the American side, but all-black units were eventually created. Colonial militias were typically composed of most adult men capable of bearing arms in a community. Originally militias were very inclusive, but as the 17th century neared its end, they became more selective. Indentured servants, free blacks, and slaves were the first to he purged. Virginia led the way among the colonies in excluding blacks from militia service, when the House of Burgesses required in January 1639 that only white Virginians arm themselves. Yet, in a pattern that was to repeat itself into the 18th century, both sides armed slaves and promised them freedom in exchange for military service in 1676 during Bacon's Rebellion. "

Tags:blacks, revolutionary, war, colonial, times, military

Abstract
Gives a critical analysis of "the war on drugs". Through examination of the history and present motivations of drug laws, this paper argues that the reasons behind drug criminalization are invalid. The paper also shows that the current law enforcement approaches are ineffective in dealing with the drug problem.

From the Paper
"The illicit drug problem is seen as a paramount concern within all western communities and is clearly the source of some of society's most major public health issues. The so-called "War on Drugs" is given unprecedented resources in the area of law enforcement and often headlines our major media outlets. The reasons for our community seeking to criminalize drug use will be explored in the following essay by tracing drugs laws to the original sources of public concern and exploring how community concern has evolved since. It will be shown that the original notions that are the basis of drug criminalization have been flawed from their inception. Furthermore it will be illustrated how current and past drug laws have been completely ineffective in achieving the aims that society has sought to achieve through drug criminalization."

Tags:cocaine, community, enforcement, heroin, history, law, legislation, marijuana, opium, police

Abstract
The paper discusses the Compromise of 1850 that was a series of laws that attempted to resolve the territorial and slavery controversies which arose from the Mexican-American War. The paper focuses on the Fugitive Slave Law, the most controversial act of the Compromise of 1850, that enforced the return of runaway slaves to their owners. The paper then looks at the impact of Frederick Douglas, the novel "Uncle Tom's cabin", William Lloyd Garrison, the Kansas Nebraska Act, the violence of John Brown and the "Dred Scott" decision. The paper shows how eventually seven states seceded from the Union, becoming the Confederate States of America, and caused the outbreak of the Civil War.

From the Paper
"When gold was discovered in California 300,000 people rushed to the state seeking riches. While most of those rushing to California were American, news of the discovery also attracted tens of thousands of Latin America, Europe, Australia and Asia. The Gold Rush caused California to develop rapidly. San Francisco changed from a tiny town with tents to suddenly having a boom in population and economy. Roads, churches, schools and other surrounding towns were built and a system of laws and a government were created. As a result of California's rapid development, it was admitted as a state in 1850. ("California Gold Rush")"

Tags:Fugitive, Slave, Law, Frederick, Douglas, William, Lloyd, Garrison, Kansas, Nebraska, Act, John, Brown