Abstract
The writer discusses that the assertion that the principle of the rule of law disguises the fact that it is always the powerful who actually rule reveals a dilemma that goes to the heart of theory of government and law extending back to Plato. As this essay argues, the assertion deals with the fundamental questions regarding the relationship between law, justice and egalitarianism in the state that remain unresolved to the present day.

From the Paper
"In its essence, the principle of the rule of law is that no one in a state or society governed by this principle - neither the executive, legislators and judges, nor the wealthy - is above the law. The remote origins of this ..."

Tags:law, society, justice

Abstract
The 1980?s crime novel, "Gorky Park", by Cruz Smith, Shakespeare's "problem" play, "Measure for Measure", Marx and Engels's political manifesto, "The Communist Manifesto", and the World War II Warner Brothers motion picture, "Casablanca", all ask, at their respective narrative and philosophical hearts, the fundamental human question: What is justice? The paper shows that all grapple with the issue of how best to create a truly just society rather than one that is only superficially just. They ask, for example, whether just men and women or a just system of laws produce fair and equitable societies. Also, whether a fair code of laws or good people attempting to do what is right within any particular moral context is more important. The paper shows that, despite having been produced during different times and for different purposes, these four works form a textual unit that may be analyzed as argument by the critically inquisitive reader. Taken as a whole, this package of textual materials argues that the formulaic construction of law and government are meaningless, and the acts of good human beings alone can construct a truly just society.

From the Paper
"Marx and Engels called upon the reader, the member of the working proletariat, to respond to the text out of the outrage of his or her unjust experiences within the capitalist systems. The system must be changed, these authors counsel the reader. However, even these supreme advocates of systemic rather than personal and psychological change, must call forth within the reader a sense of sustained emotional outrage within his or her breast, without which no change would be possible. "All that we want to do away with is the miserable character of this appropriation, under which the laborer lives merely to increase capital, and is allowed to live only in so far as the interest of the ruling class requires it." (Chapter 2)"

Tags:Renko, KGB, Angelo, Rick

Abstract
In this article, the writer explores the origins and history of the Supreme Court of the United States. The writer traces the early role of the court in the course of the development of the country. The writer notes that the Court is not without controversy, and decisions made have come to be symbolic of the wrongs of society, and the correction of these mistakes demonstrates the ability of the court to adapt and lead modern thinking. Finally the requirements of how a case is brought before the Court are discussed.

From the Paper
"In the constitutional scheme developed nearly two hundred and thirty years ago, the judiciary was established as one of the three co-equal branches of the federal government. Yet, Article III of the Constitution is surprisingly brief as to the establishment of the structure, duties and make up of a very powerful branch of the government. The court has been left largely to its own devices as how it conducts its affairs and what cases it chooses to hear, given the charge of original jurisdiction over a very few cases, the Supreme Court has become an institution equated with the preservation of civil liberties in our modern society. The history of the Supreme Court is the history of the United States and its struggle to maintain the Republic through a wide variety of challenges and crisis. A focus of political angst and a vestige of last hope for the oppressed members of society, whose imperfect judgment has stood the test of time, and corrected its past errors. With little Constitutional direction, this body has shaped modern society."
"The Supreme Court of the United States has jurisdiction over cases involving Ambassadors and other public ministers, cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdictions, controversies between two or more states, between the state and a citizen of another state and appellate jurisdiction over lower courts."

Tags:judgment, jurisdiction, state, legislation

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that businesses in Canada are bound by many laws. Important among these are contract law, as these govern the contracts that businesses make with each other, and with private persons. This essay discusses the law of contract, and especially laws that apply to breach of contract.

From the Paper
"This will be related to an interview I conducted with Mr. James Pflanz, who is a lawyer specializing in small business issues. The main purpose of contract law in our society has been summarized in this way: Civilized societies promote cooperation, and few institutions do so more ..."

Tags:law, justice, equality

Abstract
The paper defines criminal law and explains why the burden of proof in the American criminal justice system is greater than that of the American civil justice system. The paper discusses how the United States derives the structure of its criminal justice system from the English tradition of common law, and explains how most legal systems agree on certain basic premises. The paper also notes that many of the protections of the Bill of Rights pertaining to the criminal justice system only were extended to the state in the 19th century. Finally, the paper considers the controversies that still exist, including the 'three strikes and you're out' laws and capital punishment.

From the Paper
"First of all, what is criminal law? From the point of view of society, crimes are wrongs or violations for which the offender may be punished. Criminal law involves prosecution by the government for an act classified as a wrongdoing against society at large, for which penalties can be extracted varying from incarceration to fines to both (Criminal law, 2008, Cornell University Law School). The criminal law system stands in contrast to civil law, which involves crimes done to a particular victim. The civil suit is brought against the wrongdoer on behalf of the victim. The offender may have to pay financial compensation in civil court, but cannot be required to pay with his or her life or liberty both (Criminal law, 2008, Cornell University Law School). This is why the burden of proof in the American criminal justice system is greater than that of the American civil justice system. In a civil court, the plaintiff need only prove that the preponderance of the evidence shows a crime was committed, in a criminal court the standard for guilt is that it must be shown that beyond a reasonable doubt, a crime was committed."

Tags:Constitution, Bill, of, Rights, prosecution, crime, common, law, judiciary, jury

Abstract
This paper examines the long history of the rule-of-law concept and its influence on many areas of public activity. The paper notes that this theory has had different and at times conflicting interpretations. The paper specifically addresses theories of criminal and delinquent behavior especially the social bond or social control theory. The paper concludes that, when discussing criminology and criminal justice theory, one must rely on their own moral instincts to assure the dignity of the person and society's faith in fairness.

Outline:
Introduction
Political Society
Political Traditions
American And French Revolutions
Rule Of Law
Criminal Justice
Self Control Theories
Institutional Performance
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Individuals are capable of directing their own lives and fortune and of making their aid to civic well-being. Most lines of action in a society are conventional. These fundamental objectives are put in danger by uncontrolled criminality and by subjective responses of countervailing power by public officers or by laws as unsure in their meanings and applications as to deteriorate the sense of security of individual members of society; furthermore, the criminal justice system is the great educator."

Tags:rule-of-law administration conforming, political authority, perplexing questions

Abstract
This paper discusses custom and how it relates to international law. The paper finds that custom laws are extremely relevant in international law because they make it possible for various societies to maintain agreeable relations with one another. Also, customs go beyond the scope of voluntary law to help regulate situations for which laws have not yet been set. The paper also discusses the International Court of Justice. It finds that the Court has not been effective, primarily because the United States, a prominent member of the United Nations, has removed its ICJ jurisdiction.

From the Paper
"Custom covers the scope of international law where rules go undisputed and become the generally accepted law, but can change when states choose to reject them. Custom revolves around the societal and international norms that are in place, maintain their power by widespread public and political acceptance, and thus can be changed or rejected when they conflict with another equally universal but contradictory norm."

Tags:Custom, International Law, International Court of Justice, Political Theory

Abstract
The paper details the practical experience the writer has gained by working for a public interest community-oriented law firm focused upon advocating social justice. This experience convinces him/her that law firms can ensure justice for all by empowering the victims of injustice. As an intern at this law firm, the writer has seen our attorneys defend the rights of people who have been treated unjustly by landlords, financial institutions, the police, adoption agencies, corporations and businesses. Most importantly, the writer has seen that if public interest law firms don't defend the poorest victims of injustice, no one will.

Tags:law, firms, public

Abstract
This paper explores how the public views the criminal justice system in the United States. The paper presents a history of the judicial system and reviews how the American public has gradually become less satisfied with the justice system specifically but also with general government institutions as well. The paper presents issues that relate to the judicial system, including crime levels, society expectations and political aspects. Finally, the paper offers suggestions for improving the system thereby increasing public approval.

Contents:
Introduction
Public Perception of the Legal System
Rule of Law
Judicial Independence
Equal Justice Under the Law
American Example of Justice to the Rest of the World
Personal Experience
References

From the Paper
"Concern over recent challenges in the state and federal courts against individual judges, and concern over challenges undermining the authority of the judiciary as a whole, has reached a serious level. Challenges to judicial independence at the federal and state level include the unwarranted criticism of the judges; single issue campaigns against sitting judges; inadequate funding of the judiciary; judicial recall elections; proposed term limit constitutional amendments; partisan
delay in confirmation of federal judicial nominees; threats of impeachment and calls for resignation; and reductions in state and federal sentencing power and discretion."

Tags:lawyers, judgers, crime, court, politics, law, administration

Abstract
This paper begins by addressing the question of whether a B.A. degree should be a prerequisite for promotion in the criminal justice field (law enforcement). It then examines the advantages vs. disadvantages of distance learning in law enforcement. The paper then moves to the sensitive issue of racial profiling in the criminal justice field, as opposed to the civilian world. The writer concludes with a discussion workplace motivation in a law enforcement agency.

From the Paper
"Many would argue that practical learning and field experience is more valuable and practical than a baccalaureate degree in any field for a promotion. The reasoning behind this relates to the idea that practical experience is by far more valuable than classroom experience. Research proves that many a CEO and President of a company or law enforcement agency in fact gained the majority of their experience from on the job training or life experience, not a classroom environment. However, what of a Baccalaureate Degree? Do such candidates truly have an advantage over others in any field?"

Tags:law, enforcement, distance, learning, racial, profiling