Abstract
This paper provides an historical review of political leaders in Latin America and examines how many of them were leaders of the authoritarian school. It begins with a brief look at the Spanish conquistadores who carved out the great Spanish Empire in the Americas. It then discusses the political leaders of the 19th century: Sim?n Bol?var, Jos? de San Mart?n, and Francisco de Miranda ?
all soldiers first and ?liberators? of their countries later. The paper then focuses on the 20th century the leaders of the this period.

From the Paper
"Argentina-born San Marten served with Spanish armies in both Europe and Africa, returned to join the Argentine independence movement of 1812. Later, with General Bernardo O'Higgins, he ended Spanish rule in Chile. O'Higgins became "Liberator" of Chile, San Marten soon became "Protector" of Peru. The Venezuelan-born Miranda, who served the French in the American Revolution and later commanded French Revolutionary armies in the Netherlands, was briefly dictator of Venezuela."

Tags:spanish, conquistadores, boliver, miranda, martin

Abstract
The paper explores countries like Paraguay, Chile, Argentina and Ecuador and attempts to find answers to the following four questions: what role has the Church - and the Catholic faith - played during dictatorial times; how has the church's role changed over time despite being confronted by dictatorial regimes; to what extent can the Church be considered a monolithic and/or heterogeneous entity; and what has been the influence of the Church upon Latin American politics? The paper discusses how some countries saw the church almost entirely eclipsed (Paraguay being one under Francia) whilst others saw the church assume a greater role (Chile being the best example). Moving onward, the paper discusses how there were national churches that saw an abrupt end to the traditions of the past (Paraguay) whilst others were able to maintain their status as an effective lobbyist for the down-trodden and defenceless in the face of dictatorial oppression; it appears as though some churches had stronger and more resilient leadership than others. The paper shows how the role of the Church during dictatorial times in Latin America seems directly proportional to the resolve of the dictator in question, the toughness and resilience of the national church, and the sort of leadership which guided the church in question.

From the Paper
"This essay will look at the relationship between the Catholic Church and Latin American dictatorships over the course of the nineteenth - and especially twentieth - centuries. The paper will explore countries like Paraguay, Chile, Argentina and Ecuador and attempt to find answers to the following four questions: what role has the Church - and the Catholic faith - played during dictatorial times; how has the church's role changed (and also not changed) over time (and why these changes or continuities have taken place) despite being confronted by dictatorial regimes; to what..."

Tags:american, latin, dictatorships

Abstract
This paper presents the story of three women who were instrumental to Latin American history. The writer explores the contributions of Eva Peron, Sarah Chamberlain Eccleston and Violeta Barrios to illustrate the importance of females in the historical context of the Latin American political arena.

From the Paper
"Another very influential women in the world of Latin American history was Violeta Barrios. Violeta married a prominent Nicaraguan journalist named Pedro Chamorro. He was not only a journalist in the year 1950 when they met he was also acting editor of the La Prensa paper. Because of his political beliefs and his refusal to stop using the paper as a lobbying platform he was jailed many times and spent time in prison as well."

Tags:history, Eva, Peron, Sarah, Chamberlain, Eccleston, Violeta, Barrios, female, feminism, politics, nation, building

Abstract
The paper discusses how even where newly independent countries in the region explicitly disavowed the influence of the imperial powers that had shaped Latin America, their means and vocabulary of resistance were inescapably shaped by policies and discourses emerging from Europe and the United States. This paper offers an overview of how the very possibility of a truly 'indigenous' Latin American decolonization was pre-empted by colonialism, and then considers the individual cases of Chile, Peru, Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia as specific examples of this phenomenon.

Tags:latin, america, politics

Abstract
This paper profiles a typical Latin American revolution and examines why these countries are so susceptible to these uprisings. It addresses the historical, social & cultural variables of a revolution and the possible moves to democracy. It also examines a few of the successful Latin American democracies and asks what makes them prosper.

From the Paper
"Revolution is a sudden, forcible change of the political and social order often accompanied by violence, in which a significant section (not always a majority) of the population participates. Revolution usually occurs when a general climate of discontent exists in a society. A modern historian, Craine Brinton, has analyzed the conditions in a society ripe for revolution and saw a pre-Revolutionary society as "having a combination of social and political tensions, caused by a gradual breakdown of the values of a society.""

Tags:revolution, democracy, state, coup, politics, political, leader, guerilla, castro, fidel, catholic, church, south, america

Abstract
This paper examines how although most Latin American countries were given suffrage as early as 1940, 30 years later, by 1971 women were still locked into a culture of Catholicism, control and machismo. The paper discusses the many aspects of women's rights that need to be addressed in order for women to be truly accepted as equals.

Table of Contents:
General Suffrage
Latin American Suffrage
Human Rights/Women's Rights
Women and Employment
Employment and Working Conditions
Argentina and Mexico
Latin American Women Reproductive and Health Issues
Latin American Women's Health Issues
Latin American Women in Politics
Human Rights Issues for Women in Latin America
Legal Protection for Latin American Women
Latin American Women and Violence
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Roman Catholic Church has a strong political hold on the hearts and minds of Latin American and the influence of the Roman Catholic Church has kept a majority of Latin American women chained to the cycle of childbirth. Despite the fact that a majority of Latin American women have been the "beneficiaries" of universal suffrage since World War II, family planning that was not in accordance with the Roman Catholic Church's edicts has been severely limited. A woman who is unable to obtain or hold a job because of her constant gravid state is unlikely to put emancipation before basic survival. Unfortunately Latin American's economic condition has suffered because of as burgeoning uncontrollable population explosion which compromises the health and welfare not only of the women large numbers of children but the children themselves."

Tags:suffer, vote, literate, activist, democratic, equality, workforce, church, children, pregnancy

Abstract
This paper considers three different aspects of the technology and political marketplace that have negatively affected Latin American music sales and, in particular, the effect that pirated music is having on the industry. The paper then looks at the future of Latin American popular music and the Latin American recording industry and presents solutions and recommendations to rebuild, improve, and expand the Latin American industry.

The Future of Latin American Popular Music
The Future of The Latin American Recording Industry
Reconstructing the Industry
Music Delivery
Anti Piracy Efforts

From the Paper
"However, in the music industry, the creation of the internet and the capabilities to deliver individual songs digitally and globally has changed that perspective as well. The creation of a global economy and improved communication systems has facilitated the worldwide dissemination of mass culture. Specifically, trends in Latin America are now becoming part of the Latino population in the central and North American regions. Hence, the market for Latin American music, and the path toward improving the profitability of the Latin American music industry should also consider the North American markets a part of their potential customer base."

Tags:artists, producers, revenue, investment, distributing, piracy, recording, commercial

Abstract
The Latin American recording industry has always been a unique industry that blends economics, entertainment, and culture. The majority of its entertainers depict the variety of ethnicity that is part of Latin American culture. This paper investigates the Latin American recording industry, the genres of music and hybrid styles, and the role label companies play in producing and managing the artists. It also looks at how music interacts culturally, politically, and economically, affecting social identity Research in this paper shows that there is a complex relationship between the industry itself and the development of pan-Latin identities, as well as a more intricate relationship between economics and culture. In addition, the research demonstrates that the Latin American recording industry is a powerful medium for creating images among consumers, which impacts the desire to be like their idol. Finally, this paper summarizes the potential changes created by a new business model for the Latin American recording industry.

From the Paper
"Aside from the confusion between Latin American and Latino music, the U.S. Latino market is undergoing a crucial transformation, perhaps more in taking stock of reality than in reality itself. It is no secret that U.S.Latino music has largely meant the kind of pop associated with Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, Ricky Martin and the like, or with so-called tropical music (salsa and kindred genres). New York and Miami are the capitals of this kind of pop and tropical, but when the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) "the music industry's trade organization" began dividing Latin music sales by genre in 2000, they discovered the overwhelming sales dominance of the Mexican regional market, which is based in California and the Southwest, particularly Texas, and generates 60 percent of the US$640 million market for Latin music sales."

Tags:RIAA, Gypsey, Kings, Warner, Sony

Abstract
This paper examines the globalization process and its cultural impact upon all nations, with an focus on developing nations. In particular, the paper considers Latin America and foreign investment has which has exploded there because of its considerable natural resources, the lower cost of labor and production, and because of its robust and diverse population. The paper concludes by stating that globalization is now the most significant cause of economic and political change that the world has seen in the last two decades.

From the Paper
"The globalization process and the cultural impact it has upon all nations - but especially developing nations - is a fast-growing concern of academics everywhere. To wit, to give just one example, since 1990 foreign investment has exploded in Latin America because of its considerable natural resources, the lower cost of labour and production, and because of its robust and diverse population. Predictably, many MNCs have now extended their operations to regional offices in different cities around the countries in South America (Granell ,89). Globalization, put simply,..."

Tags:cultures, latin, american

Abstract
The following paper describes the history of communism in Latin America and the United States involvement in Latin American politics.

Tags:communism, latin, america, us