Abstract
This paper explains that, at one time, there were no problems with landfills because trash, such as wood, paper, oxidizable metals and organic garbage, was biodegradable; now, Styrofoam and other plastic based wrappings and containers, in which almost everything is over-wrapped, survive decomposition for decades and decades even when crushed. The author points out the problems of trash handle in the 21st century are: (1) Landfills are filling up at an astronomical rate, (2) they are not decomposing at the rate they used to before non-biodegradable items were being added, (3) because of this inconsistent rate of biodegradability, many landfills are developing large pockets of methane gas and leachate or "garbage juice", which is a potential threat to the ground water and (4) companies are dumping highly toxic materials in the landfill. The paper stresses that the only ways we are going to make landfills nearly obsolete are by recycling, which must be supported by very strong recycling laws, and by seeking improved technologies for waste disposal and long-term chemical contamination.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Hazardous Waste and Landfills
Problems with Non Hazardous Landfills
Conclusion

From the Paper
"According to the group "Make Less Waste", waste prevention is any practice that reduces the amount or toxicity of waste, including making goods last longer, reusing products and reducing packaging. It's a good way to save money, reduce pollution and conserve energy. They point out some ways we can reduce the amount of waste we generate. Some suggestions include avoiding "over-packaged" products. We should look for the most purposeful, least wasteful packaging. We should re-use or refuse shopping bags and bring your own bags. One of the best ways of making less waste is to avoid disposable versions of razors, pens, lighters, batteries, plates, cups, napkins and diapers. We cam choose products made from recycled material and buy products in glass, steel, or aluminum because all of these products have some recycled content and can be recycled. If we buy concentrates, "economy" sizes, and products selected from bulk bin, we save on packaging waste. To reduce fast food packaging, ask that your fast food be wrapped only in paper and refuse bags and Styrofoam boxes. Instead of throwing them away, donate used items such as clothes, furniture and books to charitable organizations."

Tags:leachate, laws, packaging-reduction, non-biodegradable, chemical-contamination

Abstract
This paper examines ways to stop Canadian trash from filling up our Michigan landfills and argues that the Michigan waste disposal companies are not justified in accepting trash from Canada and other states in Michigan landfills. Canadian trash and trash from other states is a major problem facing America's landfills today, and the author of this paper suggests we find new ways of dealing with waste, while finding new areas for landfills before the country's current landfills are exhausted.

From the Paper
"Thus, waste from other areas would have to meet strict criteria before it could enter the state, and this would cut down tremendously on the waste coming in from Canada and other areas, leaving our landfills open for our own waste, and not filling them up as quickly. The opposition to the bill comes from landfill owners and waste industry associations, who feel they should be able to accept waste from anywhere. Clearly, the two sides must come to an agreement, and the Senate must find out how the people of Michigan feel about the solid waste from other areas coming into Michigan for disposal."

Tags:SB, 98, Solid, Waste, Package

Abstract
This essay compares landfills versus incineration as a solution to garbage sites. It takes the stance that modern incineration is a better solution. In terms of garbage disposal, it would be an understatement to say there are downsides to both landfills and incineration as waste solutions. The reality, however, is that major urban centers, let alone rural locales, genuinely need to employ one or the other.

From the Paper
"In terms of garbage disposal, it would be an understatement to say there are downsides to both landfills and incineration as waste solutions. The reality, however, is that major urban centres, let alone rural locales, genuinely need to employ one or the other. As part of Toronto's comprehensive waste strategy, for instance, the city has made great strides in reducing, reusing, and recycling. But Hogtown, as it is aptly nicknamed, along with the Greater Toronto Area at large, has never dealt with its existing landfill needs. As a result, long since it became clear that Toronto's main source, the Keele Valley landfill, would close in 2003, Toronto simply did not..."

Tags:landfill, incineration, garbage

Abstract
The paper discusses how waste is a non-avoidable result of high-technology industrialized economies; we live in a consumerist society that encourages us to shop and acquire more things. The paper provides statistics of the waste generated by Canadians in 2000 and looks at how it was dealt with. The paper explores three methods used to deal with waste: landfill, incineration and the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, recycle.

From the Paper
"Waste is a non-avoidable result of high-technology industrialized economies. We live in a consumerist society that encourages us to shop and acquire more things. Hence more things are produced and more waste is generated. In 2000, Canadians generated 1021 kg of non-hazardous waste per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002). 747kg of this waste were disposed of per capita (Statistics Canada, 2002), while the rest was recycled. "Current waste management practices in Canada emphasize techniques and approaches that avoid or minimize the need for waste disposal" (MacLaren, 371). There are three methods used to deal with waste: landfill, incineration and the..."

Tags:waste disposal, incineration, 3rs

Abstract
This paper looks at how formerly environmentally damaging methane gas from landfills is now being utilized for direct-use and gas-to-electric projects that not only benefit consumers but are actually responsible for improving the environment.

From the Paper
"Three decades ago the notion of landfills was a distasteful one to most people. Landfills emit natural gases that are a by-product of decomposition of organic waste. Landfill gas emissions give off a noxious odor for those living in close proximity to landfills and the release of gases from aerobic and anaerobic oxygen free processes were thought to be detrimental to the environment. Landfill gas (LFG) is primarily composed of carbon dioxide and methane. Because of this it is flammable and potentially explosive in..."

Tags:waste management, greenhouse effect, alternative sources of fuel, heating, turbines, pollution, anaerobic processes, BMW, electricity, carbon dioxide

From the Paper
" Only in recent years has there been a growing awareness in the United States concerning waste dump sites. Landfills, as they are known, first came into public view in 1978 when the Love Canal incident in Niagara Falls, New York was revealed. It was discovered that toxic wastes that had been dumped into the canal in previous years by Hooker Chemicals and Plastics Corporation had begun to seep up into houses and schools that had been built ignorantly upon the dump site. The wastes were first suspected of causing health hazards when numerous occurrences of miscarriages and birth defects were reported from the area near the canal. In 1980, President Carter declared the canal an emergency area that demanded immediate attention. He evacuated 710 families, joining another 239 families that had already (...)"

From the Paper
"LEACHATE CONTROL FOR SANITARY LANDFILLS

Introduction
Percolated rainwater and liquefied waste materials in sanitary landfills, if not controlled, seep to the bottoms and the lateral edges of refuse piles and migrate into surrounding soil and usable groundwater. Such escape without control is now almost universally forbidden. Controls are discovered, improved, and applied; but leachate continues to form, leaching persists, and barriers or treatments are neither fool-proof nor complete."

Abstract
On April 2, 2007, the City of Toronto acquired the Green Lane Landfill. The landfill was taken on in order to secure the city's long-term disposal requirements for future decades (City of Toronto, 2008). The landfill was also acquired as part of foresight, as the city's existing Michigan Landfill disposal contract is set to expire in 2010 or earlier (City of Toronto, 2008).

From the Paper
The Green Lane Landfill Introduction The present paper is an investigation into the Green Lane Landfill in the City of Toronto, and the risks associated with the facility. After researching the background on the landfill, the paper explores public and political uproar in response to the development, which indicate the wide array of risks involved in the project. The paper then examines in further detail the risks associated with Green Lane and ends by looking at alternative solutions to Toronto's waste problem. My personal conclusion is drawn that the Green Lane Landfill is not in the best interests of the

Tags:green, lane, landfill

Abstract
This policy analysis and recommendation addresses the question of whether or not the Bradley Landfill in Sun Valley, California should be permitted to obtain approval for a potentially significant increase in landfill height and overall waste disposal capacity.

From the Paper
" sing the framework developed by David Easton, the various stakeholder positions are presented and analyzed. Relevant research is incorporated into an analysis of the options that are available at the present time. These options include permanently closing the Bradley Landfill, maintaining the status quo and refusing permission for..."

Tags:Bradley Landfill, environment, policy process

Abstract
This paper discusses the history and current use of the Fountain Avenue Landfill, which is located near Brooklyn, NY. First, the paper describes the author's interview with the chairman of the landfill in which he told of environmental concerns with the site, including seepage. Then the paper addresses the primary sources of waste for the landfill and a current reclamation project. Next, the paper examines the problems of leachate that are found in the landfill and how to manage it, including collection and treatment. The paper concludes with an exploration of plans for the future of the Fountain Avenue Landfill, which include acres of hiking trails, green spaces for unconstrained recreation, sports fields and wildlife conservatory.

Outline:

Facility Operations
Primary Source of Waste
Leachate Collection and Treatment
Challenges
Major Regulatory Issues
Plans for the Future

From the Paper
"I would have the opportunity upon visiting the site to speak with the foreman of the current reclamation project, who was armed with a considerable amount of experience and knowledge on the operation of the landfill. From its opening in the early 1950s, the landfill was paired with the adjacent Pennsylvania Avenue landfill, both of which were used for major solid waste disposal throughout the 20th century. The Fountain Avenue site is a 297 acre landscape that was initially overseen by the New York City Department of Sanitation and during the peak of its usage had grown to be seen as one of the largest landfills in the United States.
"Due to widespread concerns over the ecological damage caused by the landfill site, including trends of seepage into Jamaica Bay and a general enormity which had rendered it one of New York's primary examples of massive environmental blight, it had become the subject throughout the several decades of various proposal for closing and reopening. Indeed, the landfill had historically been decommissioned and returned to usage at various points in its history."

Tags:New York City Department of Sanitation, ecological damage, reclamation, leachate