Abstract
The paper looks at the advantages and implications of excluding managerial employees from collective agreements under Canadian Labor Law. It examines the way different Labor Boards treat and rule on who should be excluded in each case.

From the Paper
"Whenever a trade union in Canada applies for certification to the Labor Board, it undergoes a series of procedures before the Board acknowledges to the union that the latter, in fact, exists under the law. One of the steps that the union and a related employer(s) undertake is called the definition of the bargaining unit. This procedure involves submitting to the Labor Board a list of names of all employees in a proposed unit along with their positions and job descriptions. The purpose of this move is to pin-point those categories of employees that may and will be excluded from the proposed unit if found in the initial submission."

Tags:canada, industrial, labor, law, union

Abstract
This paper explores labor law. The paper presents two cases illustrating disparate treatment and disparate impact and includes a brief description of the relevant facts, the ruling and reasoning of the court and finally the specific implications of the ruling for an employment environment. The paper answers these questions: What are some measures a company can take to reasonably accommodate people with disabilities, or those with a known drug abuse problem? Should factors like personality, attitude toward work and future upward mobility be considered when hiring?

From the Paper
"Discrimination can be the result of both intentional and unintentional motives. The willful intention to discriminate against an individual or group based on their race, gender, religion, national origin or disability is called disparate treatment. Disparate impact refers to a practice or policy that appears to be neutral on its face but negatively impacts a particular group, such as women or older workers. Disparate impact uses a circumstantial method to prove discrimination."

Tags:labor law, ADA, ADEA, EEO, Civil rights act, disparate treatment, disparate impact, protected groups

Abstract
This paper takes a look at several issues in labor today, including FMLA (Family Medical Leave Act) and the protections established by HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). The provisions of these Acts are detailed. Additionally, the paper addresses the rights of those working at home. The paper concludes with a discussion of the border problem of illegal immigrants.

From the Paper
"According to an explanation published online on the U S Department of Labor's official website an employer is permitted to choose any one of the following methods in establishing the month period in which the weeks of Family Medical Leave Act leave can occur, a calendar year or any fixed month period. The month period measured forward from the date an employee's first FMLA leave begins or a rolling month period measured backward from the date an employee used any FMLA..."

Tags:immigration, welfare, FMLA, worker's compensation, HIPAA, illegal immigranta

Abstract
This paper looks at how the 35-hour work week law, passed in 1998, has effected the labor economy of France. It discusses whether it has had positive or negative impacts on business and companies and whether it did indeed reduce unemployment as was its main goal.

From the Paper
"France has embarked on an economic and social experiment that is changing the face of employment in that country. The country has instituted a law requiring 35-hour work weeks, believing that it will stimulate the economy by decreasing unemployment and creating new jobs. It was also expected that such a law would encourage innovation in labor negotiation contracts (Trumbull, 2001). Now that the law has been in force for four years, it makes sense to consider what effects the law has had on French employment."

Tags:employment, cost, job, business

Abstract
This paper discusses the labor laws relevant to the guarantee of a non-discriminatory work environment. It focuses on how labor laws are applied within the labor union environment in protecting against discrimination. It explains that the labor laws in the United States are primarily governed by the U.S. Department of Labor which oversees approximately 180 various laws and regulations governing employment.

From the Paper
"Labor laws in the United States are overseen by the Department of Labor which, collectively, oversees approximately 180 various federal labor oriented laws. This body of laws and regulations oversee many workplace activities relevant to more than 10 million unique employers and more than 125 million unique employees. The following major labor laws constitute some of the most broadly applicable and well-known labor laws. Additionally, since unions constitute some the largest forces in labor across North America, labor laws pertinent to unions are also discussed. However, it should be mentioned that regardless of union membership, union members are, of course, entitled to the same protections on the existing body of labor laws that any employee is as well as a host of other protections vis-?vis his or her union contract. Pay & Schedule The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) outlines the standards for wages and overtime pay, which affect most private and public employment in ..."

Tags:department, labor, laws

Abstract
This paper discusses child labor laws in the United States. It starts off by discussing the history of child labor in this country and why there was a great need for reform. It also tells the reader the struggle that reformers went through to get child labor laws on the books. Next, the laws regarding child labor are discussed for today's times. The consequences of violating the laws are also mentioned.

From the Paper
"The United States government has enacted many laws and regulations over the years to protect the rights of workers in this country from unfair labor practices, employment discrimination and abuse. One of the groups of people that the government has enacted this type of legislation to protect is that of children, some of the most vulnerable workers. Throughout this paper I will examine child labor laws in the United States. I will give the background for such laws and the history of child labor in this country, including situations which created the needs for these laws. Furthermore, I will discuss how these laws have evolved over the years and what effect child labor laws have on the workplace today. Although child labor is not a big issue today as far more youth are in school than working during current times, this was not always the case."

Tags:child, labor, laws

Abstract
This essay discusses some of California's most important and current labor laws, outlining how each law affects California's business climate. It also determines whether these labor laws are beneficial or detrimental to the apparel industry. It specifically outlines some of California's labor laws, which are considered some of the most stringent in the nation.

From the Paper
"According to a recent study, one in every five California businesses reported that they have restricted hiring because of employment lawsuits (Sullivan, 1996). Nearly half of all businesses surveyed said that California labor laws, such as employment termination laws, have made liability insurance more expensive, while about 10 percent reported that labor laws have actually caused a reduction in the number of employees on payroll. In addition, businesses reported that labor laws have made it more difficult to get information on references on prospective employees, and more than half said that they will not provide references on former employees. Under past law, employers were protected from libel or slander suits for statements made that did not show malice toward a former employee regarding the job performance or qualifications."

Tags:job, performance, employee, apparel

Abstract
A nation's labor laws, stipulating work hours, job security, vacations, retirement age, compensations, employment opportunities, and chances for advancement for protected groups are intrinsically connected to that country's espoused politico-economic ideology. The paper shows that the United States, in which the capitalist market ideology prevails, has a set of labor laws, which differ in several significant areas from those that operate in many Northern European countries, such as Germany, where democratic socialism shapes national politico-economic ideologies. In comparing between several key aspects of German and American labor policies and laws, the paper concludes that, while Germany furnishes its population with a more positive work atmosphere, empowering it vis-a-vis corporate owners and establishing a legal framework that would guarantee job security, the fact remains that some perceive this as having curtailed the growth and the more efficient/effective operation of native organizations/firms. In an overall analysis, this paper illustrates that it is better to be a worker in Germany than in the United States.

From the Paper
"The point here is that, in comparison to the United States where the power of labour unions is steadily declining, German labour unions have remained consistently powerful and are in charge of negotiating practically all employment contracts, ensuring that equitable terms are offered to all workers, irrespective of gender, race, or age (Boldt, 2003). Thus, the power of the labour unions in Germany has negated the need for those laws which emphasize equitable employment terms, which are so prevalent in the United States."

Tags:trade, unions, compensation

Abstract
This paper discusses the Chinese labor laws. The paper examines such legal and economic issues as the Chinese minimum wage, overtime, maximum amount of hours allowed in a work week, retirement, and benefits. The paper explores how these issues relate to gender equality, age discrimination, child labor, disabled workers, turnover rate, and the unemployment rate.

From the Paper
"Chinese law does not set an official, uniform, national minimum wage, ostensibly to reflect the vastly different expenses of living in various provinces. Instead, it allows local governments to determine their own standards on minimum wages. But although China has no official flat minimum wage, and this varies by province (causing a certain amount of consternation between urban and rural areas and the wage rate discrepancy,) to give a rough idea of how minimum wages are calculated, in a story about new hourly minimum wage regulations in Zhangzhou (Fujian) comes the formula for calculating such wages. "The hourly minimum wage standard = [(the monthly minimum wage 20.92 8) * (1+ the proportion of the premium paid by the enterprise for each worker's retirement and basic medical insurance)] * (1+ fluctuation coefficient). The fluctuation coefficient takes into account the differences between temporary or casual workers and full-time personnel with regard to stability, working conditions and the intensity of the job, and the difference in welfare provided. ("Zhangzhou ceding xiaoshi zuidi gongzi [Zhangzhou determines the minimum hourly wage]," Haixia dushibao [Strait News], 01 July 2004, Cited by Stephen Frost on July 2, 2004)"

Tags:zhangzhou, minimum, wage

Abstract
This paper covers the evolution of child labor laws from 19th Century England through the present. The author discusses harsh working conditions endured and injuries suffered by children. Cited are specific pieces of legislation and non-profit campaigns aimed at stopping the phenomenon.

From the Paper
"Child labor in 19th century England was a shameful practice that many of us never look back on. The displaced working classes took it for granted that a family would not be able to support itself if the children were not employed. Therefore, children as young as five years old were working 12 hour shifts for less then 20 dollars a day. The conditions in which these children worked were below standards. It was a long and deadly fight to regulated child labor laws in England during the 19th century. Today many of us take for granted the regulations on child labor; we act as if this is how it has been since the beginning. What we do not realize is how much child labor has progressed since the 19th century. Three hundred years may sound like a long time but when you consider how life was for a child then and compare it to a child's life today, I think you'll begin to come to a better understanding of exactly what we have gone through to get where we are today."

Tags:19th, century, history