Abstract The paper discusses the theory of Naila Kabeer who researched Bangladeshi women home workers and maintained that these women did not exercise their own preference in their work choice. Kabeer explains that they were influenced by male domination, which in turn was impacted by societal discrimination. The paper shows that the patterns of employment and labor of immigrantwomen in the USA and in Sweden lend corroboration to this theory. The paper demonstrates how immigrantwomen face multiple levels of discrimination, most notably sexist and racist prejudice.
From the Paper "As noted above, Kabeer has pointed out that most Bangladeshi woman in London work in the clothing industry from home, while their husbands mainly work in the clothing industry in sweatshops and factories. Kabeer researched the reason for this, and found that the Bangladeshi women's "choice" to work at home is only partly their own preference, and that it is greatly influenced by male domination and other factors. She situates this domination within the context of the racist situation in which the entire family lives."
Abstract The paper is composed of two sub-essays dealing with the experience of Canadian women in Canada, relating to its settlement. The first question deals with the question of racialization and the creation of the other, both with negative and valorized stereotypes. The second question answers a broad course question regarding the background of Terra Nullius to the readings.
From the Paper "There are various structural reasons behind the emergence of racism. It is a process that combines a variety of factors such as an inherent human ethnocentrism, fear of the other and economic structures, to name a few. As Frantz Fanon pointed out, racialization and the creation of the Other is a complementary process. As much as people are the products of their environments, they also create them. The oppressor and the oppressed ultimately both adopt the identities that are given to them, and contribute to shaping the system they are a part of."
Abstract It will be shown in this paper that the immigrant group of women in Canada held jobs which were either rejected by the dominant class, or were at least jobs which they preferred not to do. The time period for this analysis is partly from the middle of the nineteenth century to about 1920. In addition, it includes much more recent information and reports on immigrantwomen taking up paid positions that the dominant class of Canadian woman generally rejects.
Abstract This study attempts to investigate career development among Chinese women in the banking sector in New Zealand. It discusses career, not only in terms of the relationship between the organization and occupation, but it also looks beyond to factors such as family and religion. The paper then discusses how culture and religion influence an individual in the way they dress and eat as well as many other customs.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Chapter 1
Introduction
Chapter 2 - Women and Career Development
Career Theories
Career Planning
Differences Between Men & Women In Career Development
Barriers for Women Career Development For Non-White Women Chapter 3 - Minority Women in Careers
African-American Women as Minority
Remuneration Issues for Minority Women Bi-culturalism
Family and Education Issues
Immigrants in Workforce
Chapter 4 - Chinese Women Chinese Women In History
First Generation Chinese
Second Generation Chinese
Chinese in New Zealand - Current Situation
Chapter 5 - Banking Industry
Climate in the Banking Industry
Barriers for Women Current Situation for Women in Banking
Chapter 6 - New Zealand Labor Market
Employment in New Zealand
The Effects of Immigrants Women in the Labor Force
Other Issues
Chapter 7 - Methodology
Qualitative Research
Face To Face Interview
Participants
Sampling
Reason For Choice Of Method
Advantages and Limitations
Data Analysis
Chapter 8 - Findings
Education
The Predicaments Of Chinese Women In The Banking Industry In New Zealand
Glass Ceiling for Chinese Women Negative Social Stereotyping
Issues In Future Career Development
Chapter 9 - Conclusion
From the Paper "The changes in the immigration policy of New Zealand are serving as tools to increase the country's human capital which is necessary for the nation's economic growth and development (Trlin & Henderson, 2000). However, with the increase in New Zealand's number of participants in the labour market, issues regarding the immigration policies have surfaced. Among the problems that trigger issues on immigration policy are the apparent rate of unemployment among the nation's locals as well as the unemployment of some migrants."
Abstract In this article, the writer maintains that any hospitalized women can expect to encounter inequality in the health care system. The writer declares that for aging immigrantwomen, the situation is greatly aggravated because of race, ethnicity, and educational background as well as other factors such as sexism and ageism. Immigrantwomen not only receive unequal treatment in the healthcare system but very often are invisible to that system. The writer points out that the Canadian government seems to be taking the desired approach but the situation for immigrantwomen is becoming worse. The writer maintains that instead of resolving the problem, the health care system is basically ignoring the issue because of its own issues with restructuring. It seems that the solution will only come through a firm policy which makes diversity and gender a priority.
Outline:
Introduction
Rationale for Choice of Topic
Literature Review
Determinants of health
Gender Roles, Social Status, and Health
Coping
Research Question
My Approach and Goals
From the Paper "An institution which ensures that women's rights are protected is the Women's Health Bureau which uses a gender lens to study government policy and health disparities. The mandate of the Women's Health Bureau's mandate is to make certain that the Canadian health care system responds to the needs of women (Spitzer, 2006, p. 2). The Women's Health Bureau also assists policymakers and programme planners to undertake gender-based analysis of their work. In addition, there is the Women's Network which works with the government along with other groups."
Tags: gender, equality, health, care, system, disparities
Abstract This essay critically examines the issue of immigration and Canadian nation-building within a sociological perspective. A particular focus of the paper is on the contradiction between the ideal of immigration, as reflected in the changes to immigration policy in the 1960s and the introduction of official multiculturalism in the 1970s, and the realities of immigration in regard to its being embedded in the social class and power distribution structures of Canada. In this context, the paper argues that in our capitalist society immigration policy has primarily served the interests of capital in the form of labor force reproduction. This being said, it is then argued that the existence of a multicultural and multiracial society represents a clear challenge to the existing power distribution in Canadian society; a challenge that has been met by policies such as official multiculturalism which are instruments by which the capitalist state seeks to control and channel dissent and thereby ensure the perpetuation of the Canadian status quo.
From the Paper "Thus, the labour force of Canada was not biologically reproducing itself on a generational basis by the later decades of the twentieth century. In order to meet this shortfall, the Government of Canada resorted to immigration to supply a labour force to meet the demands of the Canadian economy. These demands are complex, for the Labour Force Reproduction model indicates that the economy needs a labour supply not only in terms of production but also to consume the goods produced. As a result, in the years in which the Canadian fertility rates were declining (after 1956) the Canadian immigration levels were increasing. From 1954 to 1992 Canada accepted 5.7 million immigrants. These immigrants fulfilled a wide number of economic roles in Canadian society, from contributing as business class immigrants and supplying entrepreneurial investment funds, to those who work in the commercial and corporate sectors. In addition, we must not forget the significant numbers of immigrants who worked as unpaid labour - often women - and so subsidized the paid labour force in Canada."
Abstract Several eminent authors have composed various masterpieces or performed intensive research on the bittersweet experiences, as well as the treatment of immigrantwomen in Canada. This paper discusses a particular group - the Chinese and the Hong Kong women who settled in Canada. Firstly, this paper provides an account of the progress of the immigration policies in Canada since its origin until today and its effects on the entryway of Chinese immigrantwomen in Canada. The paper then presents the effect of standardized policies regarding race and sex on Chinese immigrantwomen. Lastly, this report looks into the institutional processes, including employment and unemployment as well as the organizational processes including the relationships between family members, child care, household chores and social life which affected the lives of skilled Chinese women who migrated from China and Hong Kong and are settled in Canada.
From the Paper "Such processes are the cause of "social injustice" (Racism, sexism, and experience of Chinese Immigrant) within a society. Following is the account of effects of institutionalized processes in employment that is based on two surveys including married women immigrants from Hong Kong as well as China. These two studies show that most women moved to Canada with their husbands under the independent class or as business immigrants (Racism, sexism, and experience of Chinese Immigrant). These women worked back home on the basis of their individual degrees and were considered highly skilled workers but when they moved to Canada, they were not eligible for the Canadian experience requirement and as a result they were unable to work. Some of the women, who did manage to seek employment, were either underpaid or were rejected. The Canadian women irrespective of their qualifications were given preference over the Chinese immigrant women."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that with the large increase of immigrants arriving in the last part of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first, Canada has seen some economic benefits, but these benefits are far outweighed by the burden of increased immigration. The writer points out that the government, in an attempt to bolster the Canadian economy, has sought to increase immigration, and thus increase their country's economic status. The writer maintains that immigration is beneficial in many ways, for it does offer a fix for some ails, and it also creates a larger workforce. However, the writer concludes that immigration alone cannot answer or strengthen Canada's economy other than in a superficial and short term way.
From the Paper "This large immigration rate is not a result of chance or of Canada suddenly becoming the new land of opportunity as the United States did in the late 1800's and the early 1900's. It is not because there is a new Lady Liberty placed in Toronto or Vancouver calling for the worlds poor huddled masses. Rather this increase in immigration is due to an intentional government policy change. The government, in an attempt to bolster the Canadian economy, has sought to increase immigration, and thus increase their country's economic status. Canada has long suffered from a shortage of labor and an economy that at times was strong and suffered greatly at others. One way that they addressed the issue was to create programs that would allow the current population to meet the labor shortage. Initially, that seemed to work, but it could not truly answer the labor shortage for several years."
Abstract This essay examines the experiences of the Chinese people who immigrated to America between the years 1850 and 1930. The author looks at the events that these people experienced such as the hardships and the culture barriers as well as the series of laws and events that occurred during this immigration to the United States.
From the Paper "As with many other people groups who left their homelands for America during this 80-year period, Asians experienced a great number of positive and negative ordeals in their attempts to join the great melting pot of the new world. Chinese immigration during this time is filled with countless stories of hardship, rejection, persecution, opportunity, and success. A significant language barrier compounded the Chinese immigration experience. Beginning in the mid- 19th Century when young, single men were recruited as contract laborers from Southern China (particularly from the Kuangtung Province), Asian immigrants have played a vital role in the development of the United States. Several factors contributed to the influx of Chinese to the wild American West around 1850. "
Abstract The paper examines how women's health is a subject which, as many commentators have noted, is often complicated by factors such as class, race, and culture. In this analysis the development and delivery of health care to women considers the roles played by these factors in our contemporary health care system. The two articles compared and contrasted here focus on the perceptions of health care among two traditionally marginalized female populations: poor immigrantwomen and poor aboriginal women.
Abstract The paper explores how the financial responsibilities of women have changed over the years. It looks at the factors responsible for these changes, namely the high incidence of divorce, current no fault divorce, and inadequate child support laws. It also looks at prudent educational and career choices for women of today.
From the Paper "Today's young women must be prepared to take on the traditionally male financial responsibilities of raising a family. The high incidence of divorce, current no fault divorce, and inadequate child support laws have resulted in an increasing number of young women assuming the position of sole breadwinner for their children. Prudent educational and career choices can help young women prepare for the very real possibility that they will assume sole financial support for their children. "
Abstract This paper argues that, even in her new American environment, the Irish immigrant still managed to maintain the cultural and demographic beliefs and practices with which she was imbued before departure. These practices were critical in facilitating the success of the Irish in America. The paper uses Hasia Diner's "Erin's Daughters in America: Irish ImmigrantWomen in the Nineteenth Century" as a reference.
From the Paper "Emigrants to America, despite the differing economic conditions, tended to follow these dictates (Diner 46). Furthermore, "Irish women passed on this tradition to their American-born daughters" (Diner 48). The other, more deeply rooted Irish traditions of division of the sexes (men and women spending leisure time apart), heavy participation in Catholic Church activities, a vision of self-worth as rooted in economic activity, and strong family loyalty would also survive the transatlantic trip intact. Thus, despite the Irish woman's greater ease of adaptation to the American environment (Diner 66), she remained heavily influenced by her native culture."
Tags: feminist, immigration, ireland, Catholic, Church
Abstract This paper studies some of the real unknown heroes of the American labor movement who contributed to the boom in manufacturing in the beginning of the last century. It details Pauline Newman's work in the New York Triangle Shirtwaist Factory and its known violations to women workers.
In the factory's terrible fire, 146 women were killed, mostly Jewish. It reports how William Shepherd, a journalist, covered the incident and how Upton Sinclair, the famous writer helped end this slave labor by writing about it. This paper gives an historical overview of this time in American history and concludes that these three people did a great deal in order to end the suffering of the workers.
From the Paper "In the beginning years of the last century, working conditions were grave, and life was a struggle for American workers coming from all walks of life. Many of these workers were immigrants, trapped in miserable and dangerous working conditions, struggling for a small livelihood in their new country. The jobs the immigrants performed were vital to America's booming manufacturing, yet most Americans barely knew these people existed and treated them like outsiders. Who was really fighting for them, then? As we look back upon a time when humans were used freely as slaves and kept in unsafe conditions, we are thankful to a few people who gave voice to all those hurt. As we look back to some of these heroes, such as Pauline Newman, William Shepherd, Upton Sinclair we are better able to understand a story that we can only read about. "
Tags: American, heroes, labor, working, conditions, workers, immigrants, slaves, unsafe, New, York, women
Abstract This paper discusses the impact of increased immigration on labor markets. It primarily focuses on the literature review of five sources that pertain to how immigration has negatively affected the native labor force. Some experts argue that the problem lies with the employer, as organizations that employ low-skilled workers may hire immigrants to save on labor costs.
From the Paper "Trade agreements between countries and regions (i.e. NAFTA and CAFTA) have resulted in increased immigration to North America. The North American low-skilled labour force is suffering as the competition in this market is rapidly increasing as a result of increased immigration. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze whether increased immigration negatively affects native labour markets."
Abstract This paper explains that the post-World War II years in Canada witnessed the fight for labor reform, resulting in great strides by the labor movement in advancing the conditions, rights and wages of the workforce. To illustrate the history of this achievement, the author discusses the origins of the post-war collective bargaining system, the labor movement in Quebec, ethnically split labor markets, immigrant working women and the organization of the civil service. The 1946 steel strike, the 1965 postal strike and the generational conflict in the labor movement of the 1960s are also presented in the paper to underscore the difficulties encountered by the Canadian labor movement.
Table of Contents:
Objective
Growth in Union Membership and the Labor Movement
Government Legislation - Supports Collective Bargaining
Government Order-in-Council P.C. 2685
NASCO Organized by SWOC
New Policy and Collective Bargaining Act Passed
Labor Court - Collective Bargaining Act Details
Corporatism Evolves into Business Reform
Liberal Humanism and Economic Planning
Ethnically Submerged Split Labor Market
Porters Unionized in 1942 and Establish Agreement in1945
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "It is related that, in June of 1940, the government proclaimed order-in-council P.C 2685: a declaration of principles which the government hoped labor and management would adopt. It was the government's hope to proactively address unrest in the industrial sector and thereby "prejudice the war effort." This order was a formula that addressed resolving disputes and provided encouragement to employers to recognize unions voluntarily as well as good faith negotiation and dispute resolution in a conciliatory fashion."
