Abstract This paper briefly sums up 'Prince Friedrich of Homburg' as a play that chronicles the tale of one passionate, if self centered, Prince who defies orders in battle and is sentenced to death even though his action led to a decisive victory. According to this paper, this is one of HeinrichvonKleist's later works, and shows strong evidence of reaffirming the relationship between the individual and the state. Given the subject material and the audience for whom it was intended, 'Prince Friedrich of Homburg' has often been considered an early example of German nationalism.
From the Paper "This play is one of a few latter works in the relatively short life of Heinrich von Kleist's career as a dramatist. He committed suicide at the age of thirty-four. As one of his later works, this play shows strong evidence of reaffirming the relationship between the individual and the state. Given the subject material and the audience for whom it was intended, Prince Friedrich of Homburg has often been considered an early example of German nationalism. While rudimentary in that regard, this play nonetheless exhibits many examples of nationalist ideology. Kleist considered this play to be a work of patriotic drama."
A discussion of 19th century questions of racial and national identity based on "Burg-Jargal" by Victor Hugo and "Michael Kohlhaas" by HeinrichvonKleist.
Abstract This paper examines how Victor Hugo and HeinrichvonKleist pose the question of an individual's shaky sense of racial, national and personal identity in both the texts of "Burg-Jargal" and "Michael Kohlhaas". It looks at how the authors trace notions of personal identity directly to societal causes, influences and forms of societal oppression, but identity is always something immutable and true in the minds of their main characters. It evaluates how rather than psychological explanation being the key to either novel, the notion of identity emerges as a kind of litmus test for the relative justice of a particular element society.
From the Paper "Burg-Jargal by Victor Hugo deals with the Haitian Revolution of the author's day. Thus, it may, on the surface, seem quite separate from issues of identity that would plague the French author. However, this also means that identity plays a crucial element in the text, for in any revolution of independence, what constitutes the nature of independence and of national identity is called into question. Hugo uses the events that transpire to show the hypocrisy of a society based on slavery that ignores the needs of its ordinary people because of their race. The love that the slave Pierrot feels for Marie becomes a symbol of a world that is split between slave and free. Identity becomes related to one's physical and social status in an unjust way, in a way that even love cannot fully extricate."
Abstract "Michael Kohlhaas" by HeinrichvonKleist is a tragic novel of revenge and ultimate salvation. The paper investigates the functions of the characters in the novel, specifically Luther and the Gypsy and whether they are somehow related. The paper shows that the message of the novel is that revenge, no matter how sweet, always results in failure and unhappiness.
From the Paper "While Luther does not agree with Kohlhaas' methods, he does intercede for him, and pleads for amnesty from the Saxon Elector, who is deaf to Luther's pleas. Kohlhaas had gone too far by burning Wittenberg and other towns as he seeks out the Junker for revenge, and the people have turned against him. Initially, Luther's intervention seems to work, and he serves another purpose, he seems to be Kohlhaas' redeemer. In the broader sense, Luther appears in the novel to represent the importance of anarchy and revolt. Luther himself was considered an anarchist at times, and was excommunicated from the Catholic Church for his "radical" religious views. His appearance in the novel is ironic, for at first he does not support the very same action in Kohlhaas, because Kohlhaas uses violence as his means of revenge."
An analysis of the political influence of George Heinrich Ritter von Schonerer as a representative for Zwettl in the Austrian Abgeordnetenhaus during the 1930s.
Abstract The paper discusses von Schonerer's background and why he hated the existing power structure in Vienna. The paper explores how this hatred of those in power turned to hatred of the press and specifically of Jews. The paper looks at Von Schonerer's time as representative of the Zwettl in the Austrian Abgeordnetenhaus and examines his role in the formation of the Linzer Programm. The paper then explains why he was unable to regain political influence after his relatively short stay in prison.
Outline:
Introduction
History
Von Schonerer's Growing Hatred for the Power Structures
Jews in Austria
Von Schonerer's Hatred of the Jews
Von Schonerer's Time as Representative
Von Schonerer and the Linzer Programm
Von Schonerer's Drift into Insanity
Conclusion
From the Paper "George Heinrich Ritter von Schonerer came from a family of engineers, inherited a purchased title, and aroused the petite bourgeoisie of Vienna and the German-speaking villagers of the Lumpenproletariat. He rose to public attention during a time when Austria was particularly vulnerable to the demands of Eastern Europeans, whose new-found power increased as the Habsburg monarchy lost control over its empire.
"But for von Schonerer's influence on Hitler, he might have disappeared into the clouds of history after a few short years in the Austrian House of Representatives. Von Schonerer and Luger, the mayor of Vienna, awoke a movement in Austria that moved Hitler to copy their techniques, first in Bavaria, then in the rest of Germany."
Tags: Hitler, anti-Semitism, Jews, press, Linzer, Programm
Abstract This paper explains that Baron von Steuben, known as Friedrich Wilhelm Augustus von Steuben in America, and as Friedrich Wilhelm August Heinrich Ferdinand, was born in Magdeburg fortress in 1730. The author states that, in February 1778, Baron von Steuben reached York, Pennsylvania, volunteered his services free to the Americans, and teamed up with Alexander Hamilton and Nathaniel Greene to develop an army training program, which remained the basis for many similar training programs for many the years to come. The paper relates that von Steuben's method of training included simplified drills, which were repeated numerous times until the soldier became quite proficient, and officers who demonstrated a mutual respect and love in dealings with their men.
From the Paper "In order to understand the extent of the achievement of Baron von Steuben, the condition and the working of the soldiers during a war or battle in the eighteenth century must be understood. Warfare in those days was a general free-for-all wherein the emphasis was on firing as quickly as possible, and at the closest ranges possible. It was, in fact, a mass fire combat, where the soldier on one side would find it of utmost importance to fire before the soldier on the opposite side could; he would always try to get the first shot across, before the other could. The rules and regulations for the soldiers were dealt primarily with drill, and firing arms. The sole emphasis was on the conduction of drills for the soldiers whereby they would become more and more proficient at handling the arms, and it would finally become nothing that would take up any sort of effort of concentration; the process of loading and firing a firearm would become totally automatic."
Abstract In this article, the writer analyzes Heinrich's pyramid theory and identifies the major principles good and bad in relation to aviation safety. The writer relates in this study that there have been wide variations in the application of Heinrich's pyramid theory as related to aviation safety in both historical and traditional terms. There have however, been various modifications and expansions to this theory as also noted during the course of this study. The writer maintains that the very solid base upon which Heinrich constructed this theoretical framework serves to support its use in the long-term as well as it serves as the skeletal framework for many various and diverse modifications and expansion of the pyramid theory as proposed in 1932 by Heinrich.
Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Figure 1 Heinrich Accident Pyramid
Figure 2 Bird Accident Pyramid
Heinrich's Model Adapted for Aviation Safety
Figure 3 Heinrich's Pyramid Theory
Polyanalysis Text and Data Mining
Safety Data Analysis
Summary and Conclusion
From the Paper "Historically, automation of processes has been focused upon by the aviation in terms of diligence in safety. Therefore, this use of the numbers in calculation of the three levels in Heinrich's pyramid theory, automation is easy analyzed because it is analyzed in terms of numbers and a process of data collection and analysis. Therefore, ensuring the high safety performance of safety means measure of the automated tasks and yet additionally has a human factor within the analysis and that of human effect upon the processes affecting automation. Isaac et al goes on to state that Air Traffic Management (ATM) is currently ... "
Abstract This paper discusses the history of Heinrich events, and current theories of their origin. Additionally, this paper outlines the scientific method for discovering more information of Heinrich events, and their relationship to the Bond Cycle, Milankovitch Cycles, and Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) oscillations. Finally, it looks at the possible effects on global climate as the result of Heinrich events, using the Younger Dryas as the basis for discussion.
From the Paper "Heinrich events were first discovered by Hartmut Heinrich of the German Hydrographic Institute of Hamburg, Germany in 1988. Heinrich extracted samples from northeastern Atlantic sediment cores, and analyzed the samples. He discovered that the number of lithic, or rock sediment, and planktonic foraminifera (zooplankton) shell formations fluctuated greatly in many of the core samples. Additionally, Heinrich noted that the components of the sediments seemed not to fluctuate gradually, but seemingly abruptly (Hackett, 1994)."
Abstract This paper examines the life of German Heinrich Himmler, the Nazi SS leader. It discusses his direct involvement with the concentration camps and the extermination of the Jewish people. It describes him as a cold, efficient, ruthless administrator. The paper demonstrates how Heinrich Himmler was a blind and devoted follower of Hitler, and was the most terrifying type of military leader, because he had no conscience.
From the Paper "The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze Heinrich Himmler, the Nazi leader of the SS. Specifically, it will discuss his direct involvement with the concentration camps and the extermination of the Jewish people. Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945) was an unsuccessful chicken farmer and fertilizer salesman who became a leader in the Nazi party in the mid-1920s. As head of the SS as well as the Gestapo, he was a cold, efficient, ruthless administrator. He was the organizer of the mass murder of Jews, the man in charge of the concentration and death camps."
Tags: german, germany, jewish, jew, world, war, ii, hitler, militarybiography
Abstract This paper describes the type of person Heinrich Himmler was and discusses how he managed to rule the Gestapo with such an iron fist. It looks at his attitude towards Jews and his creation and implementation of the Final Solution.
From the Paper "In 1925, Himmler joined the newly-formed SS ("Schutzstaffel"), a group of elite German officers assigned as Adolph Hitler's personal protection squad (the "Leibstandarte"SS Adolph Hitler?). Not long after, Himmler became the leader of the dreaded SS and then decided to ensure the absolute autonomy of this organization by decreeing that all members of the SS were in a class of their very own and that those that committed a misdemeanor were above normal justice and could be tried only by an SS court which in effect meant that German law no longer applied to them."
Abstract This paper takes a look at Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, whose compassion and genuine caring for his students not only lead to the development of his basic education style, but also made him an endearing figure in the field of pedagogy.
From the Paper "Much of his pedagogical theory, which he successfully implemented into his education practices, was outlined in his 1801 book How Gertrude Teaches Her Children. In this work he outlined how he wished to establish a method of instruction that was based on the psychological development of the child and emphasized the natural progression of human development. Spontaneity was key and learning was facilitated by the natural curiosity and propensity for exploration that children display (Mayer 214). Pestalozzi asserts that children should be allowed to arrive at answers on their own through hands-on exploration and an encouragement that allows their own powers of reasoning, judgment and observation to blossom instead of being given ready-made answers. The aim is ultimately very holistic. Pestalozzi's goal was to achieve a balance between the education of the head, the heart and the hands. "
Abstract Considering Heinrich Heine's work "Religion and Philosophy", this paper shows that Luther unleashed not only a true religious revolution in Germany, but that this was corroborated with and triggered in itself a literary revolution. The writer discusses Heine's belief that the new religion that Luther promoted in Germany had one substantial literary characteristic: it was German and in German, which meant that the Bible and service needed to be in German. The writer maintains that this was perhaps the foremost contribution Luther made to German literature and literary language, marking the beginning of literary manifestations in German language. The writer concludes that Heine's constant references throughout his book to the importance of Luther as a literary revolutionary show that the impact of his revolution by far left the simple sphere of politics or religion and laid the foundations of literary German.
From the Paper "Undoubtedly, Luther's religious revolution had enough force so as to propagate itself as a literary revolution as well. This was done in several ways, first of all by simply creating the use of German language as a mean of communication. In the 16th century, this is of utmost importance, as it subsequently gave way to the birth of the German nation in its respective European territory.
"However, even more than that, Luther actually produced literature, with his poems and songs and was a generous source of inspiration for his own contemporaries, but also for the German poets to come. It is no wonder that Heine, one of the greatest German poets of all, recognizes Luther as one of his own important predecessors and advices all writers that his language and the words he has introduced are there to stay and need to be used, as rejuvenating as they are."
Abstract This paper relates the major events of the life of the German Jewish writer Heinrich Heine, who was unable to escape persecution as a Jew by converting to Christianity. The writer explores how his poem "The Loreley" can be interpreted both as reflecting his hope for a new national identity in Germany that would include an integration of traditional German and Jewish culture, and as a message to the Jews to take pride in and stick with their own culture.
From the Paper "Heinrich Heine's life story demonstrates the hardships faced by those born Jewish in nineteenth century Germany. Heine was born to Jewish parents in 1797. He studied law and eventually wanted to have a career teaching at a university. Unfortunately for Heine, university professorship was a career option not available to Jews at the time. Rather than dismiss his vocational aspirations, Heine converted to Protestantism. As Heinrich soon discovered, conversion did not solve any of the underlying problems. A converted Jew, Heinrich was shunned by Christians for his Jewish background and by Jews for denouncing his faith. The road to Jewish emancipation had forked, with both directions leading to dead ends."
Abstract The paper reviews the life of a Nazi diplomat, Franz Von Papen, who was a lifelong apologist for the Nazi regime, through his autobiography. The writer applies Hartmann's theory of personalities to an analysis of Von Papen's life, in particular to various apologetics and excuses that Von Papen offers for his actions. The paper shows Von Papen to have "thick" boundaries in Hartmann's usage, and shows that this application is corroborated by one of Maslow's theories. In conclusion, the writer shows that Von Papen was culpable for his own actions, despite any excuses or apologies he might have made to the contrary.
From the Paper "The key to understanding people like von Papen, who were high-born, a sort of non-royal elite, was that the Germanic trait they inherited was obedience to authority. Von Papen considered himself a Monarchist who ended up serving a non-monarchist government. Dr. Earnest Hartmann, whose theories define much of personality in terms of "boundaries", would consider von Papen as having a "thick boundary": "people who strike us as being very solid and well organized... They seem rigid, even armored; we sometimes speak of them as 'thick-skinned'."
Abstract This paper examines how Baldur von Schirach was among the major war criminal defendants at the first Nuremberg trial. He was a Nazi politician and former head of the Nazi youth movement. It looks at how, while some of the defendants were acquitted, and others sentenced to death, Baldur von Schirach was among four of the defendants whose sentences ranged from 10-20 years, with Schirach receiving a 20-year sentence. In order to determine whether Baldur von Schirach received a fair trial, it provides an analysis of the events that led up to Schirach's prosecution at Nuremberg and an assessment of the proceedings of the trial, followed by a summary of the research in the conclusion.
From the Paper "Baldur von Schirach was among the four defendants who were sentenced to terms of imprisonment ranging from 10 to 20 years; the others included Karl D"nitz , Albert Speer, and Konstantin von Neurath. Three of the Nuremberg defendants were sentenced to life imprisonment (Rudolf Hess, Walther Funk , and Erich Raeder) and twelve others were sentenced to death by hanging; ten of them (Hans Frank, Wilhelm Frick , Julius Streicher, Alfred Rosenberg, Ernst Kaltenbrunner, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Fritz Sauckel, Alfred Jodl, Wilhelm Keitel, and Arthur Seyss-Inquart, were hanged on October 16, 1946. Martin Bormann was tried and condemned to death in absentia, and Hermann G"ring committed suicide before he could be executed) (Penrose 2003)."
Abstract Hildegard von Bingen, born in Bockelheim, Germany in 1098, made a significant impact on the twelfth century church through leadership and writing, and yet she is perhaps best known for the amazing works of music that she produced. This paper examines influences that helped to shape von Bingen into the figure that many refer to as St. Hildegard. Through examining important events, celestial visages and important influences, the paper shows how von Bingen was inspired to create some of the most hauntingly beautiful pieces of music that have emerged from Christianity throughout its two thousand year history.
From the Paper "von Bingen was deeply moved to create music because of her religious beliefs about what musical expression was. From von Bingen's perspective, music was one of the ways to most appropriately worship God. Before the fall of Adam, von Bingen surmised that Adam's voice was pure and would be lifted up in worship of God and would be joined by hosts of angels. After the fall, von Bingen concluded that musical instruments were invented to enable man to worship God in an appropriate manner. These influences were reflected in her music and helped to craft a musical style that was inspiring and moving. It is precisely the element of worship as a component of music that inspired her to write the lines of the Devil without music."
