Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the history of racism in America. The writer explores the history of the KKK and the topic of racism from the inception of the KKK to the current times. The writer examines why the KKK was able to take such a strong hold on the people of the South and what this has to say about the social make-up of the American population.

From the Paper
"America has built its reputation on the fact that it is open armed and diverse. It is the nation that millions flock to each year to start new lives and it is the nation that prides itself on its many anti discrimination laws. While the nation pats itself on the back for its seeming color blindness those who live within its boundaries know that racism still exists. The nation has been working on the problem of racism since the abolishment of slavery, and with each passing generation it has become a little less pronounced but it is still being experienced by African Americans, Asians, Middle Eastern descents and others(Galvan, 1995). It is important to understand the history of racism if the nation hopes to continue the quest to stomp it out for good in the future."

Tags:color, supremacy, white

Abstract
This paper defines and describes acts of terrorism and hate crimes committed in the United States beginning with the evolution of the first Ku Klux Klan (KKK) organized after the Civil War (the era known as reconstruction). It discusses the people, geography and social forces which were instrumental in the formation of the first KKK, as well as subsequent reorganizations of the KKK. It then looks at the evolution of hate crimes in America and uses examples of organizations and activities of hate crime perpetrators as defined by legislative acts.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
American Terrorism
The First Ku Klux Klan
The New Ku Klux Klan of 1915
The Klan after World War II
Hate Crimes
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In 1990, the U.S. Congress passed a hate-crime bill that mandated the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to systematically collect information on hate-motivated crimes. Criminal justice decision makers consequently began to place central importance on attaching hate as a motivation for criminal acts. By establishing racial or religious hate as the component of an incident, the police were able to gain political impetus for expanding financial resources to law enforcement agencies, enabling them to enforce the laws directed at hate crimes (Maxwell, C., 1995)."

Tags:hate, FBI, extremist, violence, threat

Abstract
Growth of Ku Klux Klan (KKK) . Discusses history of the KKK & other groups formed by Southern leaders to destroy the voting power of newly freed slaves. Terrorist activities of the Klan (cross burnings, lynchings). Resistance to policies of Reconstruction. Klan's call for "100 percent pure Americanism." Makeup of membership. New white supremacist groups.

From the Paper
"White Supremacy in America


In the years following the defeat of the Confederacy by the Union, resistance to Reconstruction and changes in the status of former African slaves was to emerge throughout the American South. Historian William Miller (1977) has pointed out that the "original" Ku Klux Klan and other white supremacist organizations such as the Knights of the White Camellia were formed in part by Southern leaders in the 1860s to destroy the voting power of newly freed slaves and to do damage to carpetbag misrule. Geoffrey Perrett (1989) has commented that during Reconstruction, when the original Klan was formed, the occupation armies of the Union were hard-pressed to prevent their terrorist activities - activities that virtually nullified the rights granted and guaranteed to former slaves under the Fourteenth Amendment. There was, says..."

Abstract
The most influential and oldest white supremacist group in the US is the Ku Klux Klan that was formed in the aftermath of the American Civil War. In this paper the writer takes a detailed look at the background, history and aims of the organization. It also discusses the present state of the Klan and how far its influence still permeates in the US society. Includes very thorough outline.

From the Paper
"Ever since the abolition of the slavery in the United States, sections of its white population have continued to believe in the superiority of the white race and resent the participation of the blacks in society and politics as equals. Various groups, organizations and societies have been formed since the end of the American Civil War ranging from white supremacist hate and terror groups to relatively harmless "all-white" social clubs. The most influential and oldest group is the Ku Klux Klan that was formed in the aftermath of the American Civil War. Although it is difficult to strictly categorize phases in the history of such a secretive organization as the Klan, it is generally agreed that there have been three distinct Klan eras in the past and we are perhaps in the midst of the fourth. There have been times in the US history when the Klan has enjoyed widespread membership and influence especially in its first and second phases."

Tags:racism, white, supremacy, lynch, history, civil, war, slave, vote

Abstract
This paper defines and describes acts of terrorism and hate crimes committed in the United States beginning with the evolution of the first Ku Klux Klan ("KKK") organized after the Civil War (the era known as "reconstruction"). The paper discusses the people, geography and social forces which were instrumental in the formation of the first KKK, as well as subsequent reorganizations of the KKK.

From the Paper
"This paper defines and describes acts of terrorism and hate crimes committed in the United States beginning with the evolution of the first Ku Klux Klan ("KKK") organized after the Civil War (the era known as "reconstruction"). The people, geography and social forces which were instrumental in the formation of the first KKK are discussed, as well as subsequent reorganizations of the KKK. The evolution of hate crimes in America is discussed, using examples of..."

Tags:american, terrorism, kkk

Abstract
This paper reviews Aguirre and Baker's work entitled "Race, racism and the death penalty in the United States" in which the issue of hanging as a social control mechanism is examined. The paper further notes how the book sees hangings as intended to ensure power by some social groups over others. This was evident in the hangings committed by the KKK, with the group seeking to ensure that Blacks remained in their acceptable social placement and that the members of the KKK have acc

From the Paper
"The author discusses the issue of hanging as a social control mechanism that was intended to ensure power by some social groups over others. This was evident in the hangings committed by the KKK, with the group seeking to ensure that Blacks remained in their acceptable social placement and that the members of the KKK have acceptable retaliatory measures to take if this were not the case. The book explores the impact that these actions had on society and the social involvement in lynchings as a reflection of..."

Tags:kkk, history, hanging

Abstract
This paper examines the Progressive Era and highlights the contributions of such notable individuals as Richard Wright, Jr., Susan B. Anthony, and W.E.B. Du Bois in achieving equality for African-Americans. The NAACP and KKK are discussed, as are two prominent court cases.

From the Paper
"The Progressive Era following the emancipation of the slaves in early America was one that would be expected to see the culmination of efforts on behalf of African Americans in terms of their finally achieving racial equality and enjoying American citizenship along with the rest of America. Paradoxically though the reality was almost the exact opposite of that idyllic expectation. Rayford Logan states that the Progressive Era marked the nadir' of African American life after emancipation and historian Pete Daniel suggests that the period preceding the ..."

Tags:Progressive Era, NAACP, black, African American, Theodore Roosevelt, Harlem Renaissance, Susan B. Anthony, KKK, Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, National Urban League, racial equality, Richard Wright Jr.

Abstract
This paper first explains that the violent beginning of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) affected not only the lives and futures of the black population but also the structure and order of Southern society as seen in the complex relationships between the Democrats and Republicans, the North and South, the government and the rights of its citizens and the whites and emancipated slaves. Next, the author looks at the formation and growth of the power of the KKK and the Enforcements Acts, the Ku Klux Klan Act, which outlawed the congregation of terrorist organizations like the KKK. The paper concludes that, because the post-Civil War South felt threatened, the KKK was able to organize and grow based on the one available method rooted in the past, the politics of racism and force. The paper includes a list of footnotes.

Table of Contents:
The Oath
Table of Contents
The Klan's Beginning
The Push for Political Control
The Enforcement Acts
Before Congress: The Ku Klux Klan Act
Attempts to Curb the Klan
The Southern Strategy
Violence and Fear
Summary/Conclusion
Footnotes

From the Paper
"The Enforcement Act of May 13, 1870 banned the use of any type of interference that hindered the right to vote because of race--such as force or bribery. This act reached all election processes taking place in every state. The act also prohibited the appearance of disguised groups on public highways or private property with the intent to hurt or intimidate any fellow citizen. Federal courts would here cases dealing with the law and federal officials and troops could be assigned the responsibility of supervising the elections and, if required, to make arrests."

Tags:resistance, violence, protector, elections, reconstruction, power

Abstract
The paper argues that the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and the Black Liberation Army (BLA) are domestic terror organizations because they advocate hatred and violence against certain groups, based on their race, their religion, or their gender. The paper relates that while the BLA is no longer active, the KKK still exists. The paper contends that members of the KKK are just as frightening and dangerous as any other terrorist organization, and they should be stopped and banned once and for all.

From the Paper
"Both of these groups are domestic terror organizations because they advocate hatred and violence against certain groups, based on their race, their religion, or their gender. They advocate domestic terror against their enemies, recruit new members to swell their ranks, and support violence as the underlying means to bring their message to the people. The American heritage dictionary defines terrorism as "Acts of violence committed by groups that view themselves as victimized by some notable historical wrong" (Editors, 2005). Both of these groups advocate violence as part of their doctrine, and they both advocate it because of perceived "wrongs" in society or against them. The Ku Klux Klan believes white Christians are a superior race and no other races should survive, while the Black Liberation Army believed that blacks in America had been wronged and that blacks should rise up violently against whites as a form of social justice."

Tags:violence, hatred, white, supremacy, blacks, Jews, gays

Abstract
The essay discusses the history of the Ku Klux Klan through the three separate movements established since its inception -- the first during the reconstruction era, the second during the 1920's, and the third during the 1940's. The essay then goes on to present recent newspaper headlines about the KKK, including the "newspaper night riding" in Texas and California, the rally in Jasper, Texas, and the sentencing of KKK member James Colvin. The essay concludes with the hope that the KKK will continue to be brought down by the law.

From the Paper
"Colonel William Joseph Simmons, the son of one of the officers of the original order, initialized the second movement of the KKK. He pictured his organization as the ultimate fraternal lodge. His task was made easier by the 1915 release of a film by D. W. Griffith called The Birth of a Nation. The film portrayed the original Reconstruction era KKK as valiant protectors of the South's culture. Simmons placed advertisements for his organization next to those for the movie and solicited new members by proclaiming the Klan a "high class order for men of intelligence and character" (McVeigh). At the strongest point of this phase of the KKK, during the early 1920's, membership in the organization reached over three million nationwide (Trelease PG). The main factor keeping the movement strong was fear of the ever-changing social order in America. Large numbers of immigrants were entering the country, communism and other radical movements were stirring, and blacks were moving into northern cities in vast numbers. Jews and Catholics were moving to a higher place in the social and economic order, and labor unions were demanding a bigger share of profits for their members."

Tags:racism, prejudice, violence, discrimination, blacks, burning, cross, gun, culture, slave, terrorism