Abstract
The paper reveals that the reign of King John of England can be considered a failure, largely as a result of his suspicious nature and poor diplomacy. The paper looks at King John's "Charter of the Jews of England" and at his signing of the Magna Carta. The paper explains the events that forced King John to sign this document that set the foundations for democratic rule and the English Parliament.

From the Paper
"The irony that is part of King John's rather tattered legacy is that his older brother Richard ("Richard the Lionheart") was "a superstar," Ibeji writes. But for John, he doesn't rate very well in the world of historical non-fiction; he was a "classically bad king" who is seen as a "scheming, untrustworthy coward consumed by greed" (Ibeji, 2001). Along with all those nasty adjectives comes the actual history of King John, which is very grim. For example, he is said to have hanged 28 hostages who were the sons of rebel Welsh chieftains in 1212; he also is known as a brutal autocrat who placed William de Braose's wife and son in a royal prison and let them starve to death."

Tags:Magna, Carta, barons, rebellion, autocrat

Abstract
"The purpose of this research is to examine the portrayals of children in Shakespeare's Richard III, Coriolanus, and King John. The plan of the research will be to set forth the pattern of ideas in each of the plays as they relate to role of children in the action and then to discuss internal evidence of the plays that suggests how Shakespeare feels about children and the narrative and thematic uses to which he puts them in order to make clear the motivations and behavior of the various adult characters.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine the portrayals of children in Shakespeare's Richard III, Coriolanus, and King John. The plan of the research will be to set forth the pattern of ideas in each of the plays as they relate to role of children in the action and then to discuss internal evidence of the plays that suggests how Shakespeare feels about children and the narrative and thematic uses to which he puts them in order to make clear the motivations and behavior of the various adult characters.

It is not difficult to identify Shakespeare's portrayals of children as symbols of innocence and trust, as well as of truths that either cannot be or deliberately are not articulated by the adults who surround them. This does not necessarily mean that they are wiser than adults or even aware that they are agents of ..."

Abstract
This paper examines how the theological work of John Calvin revolutionized the approach to Protestant Christianity by thoroughly examining it in a questioning and unflaggingly rational paradigm. It looks at how Calvin spent his life analyzing the connection between Christ, the man of miraculous works, with the life of Christ the God, the crux of his understanding and connection of the two rests in the Three Offices of Christ. It also shows how Calvin systematized the man and his works with the three-fold positions of Christ, first, as a prophet, second as a priest and third as a king.

From the Paper
"Calvin called the second office of Christ that of the Priest. Jesus Christ the Prophet was God's representative to the people; as the Priest, he was their representative to God. In all of his analyses of the doctrinal Christian faith, Calvin singled out Jesus as separate from the standard positions that he did fill, only with abundance, of the Old Testament societies. As Priest, he was different than those normal to the Levitical order by not offering an animal sacrifice to God in repent for sin; Calvin argued that Jesus, himself, was the sacrificial lamb. Calvin said that Christ, as a Priest, entered the Holy of Hollies, the heavenly place, to lead in the people before the presence of God. Calvin says that Christ, as a man and Priest, is able to do so as other priests did, but as God, was able to live there forever."

Tags:jesus, christ, priest, king, god

Abstract
This paper assesses the aspects of captivity as it relates to King Philip's war and compares and contrasts it with the current conflict of captivity the United States is facing as the "war on terror" continues.

From the Paper
"In Jill Lepore's book, The Name of War: King Philip's War and the Origins of American Identity, she identifies four categories for her analysis of this tragic turn of events in American history; those are language, war, bondage and memory. "War is the great lie of civilization; it is a collective forgetting. When people bear witness to it, they help resurrect it. Memory becomes the agent of our transformation, and we have an obligation to it." (Burns, 2007) The realities of war and how they are connected to the words that surround them is Lepore's way of making war assessable for those who want to understand. She attempts to connect these words with an emerging sense of American identity and pride. "

Tags:terror, John, Sassamon

Abstract
Then paper shows how, despite its extreme difference in historical setting and urgency, Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" mirrors many of the sentiments put forth in "On Liberty" by John Stuart Mill. In fact, this paper will demonstrate how King and Mill, separated by a century, share a remarkably similar philosophy on injustice by revealing how the ideas in "On Liberty" are present in King's letter. While King's prose is more colorful and rhetorical than Mill's methodical philosophic style, both view individuals' rights as the centerpiece of a just society with relatively minor distinctions. Both also draw on similar sources to inspire their beliefs.

From the Paper
"Despite its extreme difference in historical setting and urgency, Martin Luther King Jr.'s "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" mirrors many of the sentiments expressed in "On Liberty" by John Stuart Mill. In fact, this paper will demonstrate how King and Mill, separated by a century, shared a remarkably similar philosophy on injustice by revealing how the ideas in "On Liberty" are present in King's letter. While King's prose is more colorful and rhetorical than Mill's methodical philosophic style,..."

Tags:freedom, individual, group, society, justice, unjust

Abstract
This paper examines how John Locke's theory of politics was greatly influenced by the period dealing with consolidation of power in England, a time when King William was beginning to challenge the domination of Europe by King Louis XIV of France. It discusses John Lock's theory of government and property rights, which were the cornerstone of his book, "Treaties of Government".

Introduction
John Locke's Philosophy on Government and Property
My Reflections on Locke's Theory of Government and Property Rights
Locke's Property Rights Vs. Pursuit of Happiness

From the Paper
"There were also conflicts between Protestants, Anglicans and Catholics. These difficulties eventually led to a civil war in England {1640s}. King Charles I was defeated in the war and there were intellectual debates about what type of government and institutions should be in place. The debates also focused on such other issues as the abolishment of the monarchy, the Anglican Church and the House of Lords. The establishment of Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, which ended with Cromwell's death in 1650, followed this period."

Tags:anglican, england, government, property, revolution, rights, treaties

Abstract
This paper discusses and contrasts three different viewpoints on morality, beginning with the narrowest one, that of German theologian Immanuel Kant, which is based on the belief that rationality is the formulating constant allowing for the assumption of absolute moral principles. The writer then applies this viewpoint to the consideration of the more nuanced ideas of John Stuart Mill and Dr. Martin Luther King who wrote concerning the practical association between moral behavior, rationality and the inherent role played by society and individuals in actualizing this correlation. The paper concludes that ideas on morality such as Kant's may well be the reason that individuals like King would be forced to fight and die for rational ends.

From the Paper
"Here then, we come to understand why Kant's assumptions are dangerous. They do not allow for the possibility that rationality may be formed not upon a shared recognition of the order of good and bad in the universe but upon some collective will with distinctly human ends. This is a subject which is clearly examined in the case of civil rights activist and American spiritual leader, Dr. Martin Luther King. A figure of central importance to the drive for equal rights and the abrogation of America's longstanding policies of intended racial disparity, he would draw upon both the moral and rational ideals which preceded his notoriety in the 1950s and 1960s in order to refute the rationale underlying Jim Crow. In his examination of a 'moral America,' King offers the debate on morality and rationality some refined insights."

Tags:behavior, democracy, inequality, ethical, ideology, utopian, balance, individual, economy

Abstract
In this paper the writer reviews the book by John Fairbank, "The United States and China". The author of the paper describes the book and outlines the main subjects covered. He then goes on to discuss elements in the book relating specifically to China - family, religion, politics and history. He comes to the conclusion that whilst the book was written some time ago, it is still relevant today for the student of American-Chinese relations.

From the Paper
"A major theme in the book and in China is the family. And unlike families in the West (including Europe) the Chinese family unit is, Fairbank writes on page 21, a "microcosm, the state in miniature." This explains a lot about China, since the family - not the individual - has been for centuries the "responsible element in the political life..." of China. The family's function is to institute obedience (which the state wants from its people of course), to institute loyalty (again, mirrored by the state's demand for loyalty), and to raise "filial sons" who will become loyal to authority in the family setting. Women were always inferior, and are inferior today in China. On page 23 the author points out that philosophically, ancient China had the Yin (all things "female, dark, weak, and passive..") and the Yang (all things "male, bright, strong, and active.."). Girls have been (and still are to a great degree) subordinated to boys from the time they are infants (p. 23)."

Tags:china, usa, communism, capitalism, family, dynasty, america

Abstract
This paper explains that, in John 3:16 - 21, Jesus speaks to Nicodemus during the dark of night and reveals Himself to be "the only begotten Son of God". The paper points out that more than other writers in the Bible, John builds upon the conception of love God's primary nature as the way to perpetuate and demonstrate the heavenly life. The paper concludes God's eternal love ultimately consummated in Him sending His Son as the light into the world, and consequently, all of the Gospel revolves around the action of the Father sending the Son into the world. A table relating Strong's designated numbers for the words in the King James Version of John 3:16-21 along with the Greek word is included with the paper.

Table of Contents:
"Son of God"
John 3:16 - 21
Multifaceted Mystery: "Son of God"
Truth
When One Believes....
Consequently
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Contrary to "krino" in verse 17, the Greek word "sozo", which means "to save" relates the idea of rescuing one from danger and restoring him/her to a prior safe state and well being. In John 3:15, the verse prior to the segment covered in this paper, the term "eternal life" is used for the first time used in the gospel. Each time after this initial one, when the phrase is used in John, it is noted with a present tense verb, generally usually "have". Believers currently have or possess eternal or "unending life". It begins when one believes and contrary to the time allotted to humans on earth, endures for eternity."

Tags:nicodemus, relationship, greek, love, judgment

Abstract
This paper discusses how, throughout the Gospel, Matthew uses the symbol of king, in its various manifestations, to authenticate Jesus as the Messiah, to link with the Old Testament and the Torah, and to describe Jesus' role as the bringer of the law and the model and teacher of righteousness.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Genealogy
Infancy Narrative
Herod Comparison
Comparisons with Old Testament Figures
Law and Torah
Pharisees
John the Baptist
Unmerciful Servant Parable
King and Teacher
Passion Narrative
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Gospel of Matthew endeavors to show that Jesus of Nazareth was the promised Messiah, he "of whom Moses in the law and the prophets did write," the King, and that in him the ancient prophecies had their fulfillment. In writing his Gospel, Matthew set out to illustrate that Jesus, in his life and in his death, fulfilled the prophecies and effectively made Judaism complete. This Gospel sets forth a view of Jesus as Christ and portrays him as an heir to King David's throne. The Gospel of Matthew describes all social relationships under the core symbol of the kingdom of God. The dominant subject is Jesus, and Matthew explicitly claims the law and the prophets of the Hebrew Bible as the source."

Tags:geneologies, credentials, lineage, david, son, abraham, matthean, infancy, narrative