Abstract
The organization and functioning of human and animal societies has long been the subject of intense investigations by natural scientists, sociologists, and geneticists. Darwin, who laid the foundation for a modern theory of evolution, suggested "kin selection" as an explanation for the existence of sterile females, the worker caste, in social insects like ants, bees, and termites. This paper examines a later theory presented by W.D. Hamilton, who mathematically perceived his 'Theory of Kin Selection', showing it as a mechanism for the evolution of such apparently altruistic sterile castes.

From the Paper
"Like any other genetic trait, altruism will evolve only if it is passed on from generation to generation in a proportion greater than alternative alleles for non-altruism. Hamilton has described the conditions under which an allele for altruism will have higher frequency of occurrence and, therefore, evolve. He states these conditions in a formula: br c > 0 or b x r > c where b, stands for "benefit", and refers to the enhanced reproductive benefit gained by recipient of altruism; r refers to the chance that the aided individual carries the same gene for altruism; c stands for "cost", to the altruist in terms of the number of offspring the altruist could have had if it had not been an altruist. Hamilton's formula leads to the concept that in a randomly mating and out breeding diploid population, an individual should sacrifice itself in order to save two siblings, four nephews or eight cousins' since siblings share 50% of the individual's genes, nephews 25% and cousins 12.5%."

Tags:inclusive, fitness, genes, pfenning, cannibalism

Abstract
The process of candidate selection is one of the most important functions political parties perform. It follows that the current study examines the importance of this function and its possible consequences. In addition, subsequent discussion classifies the candidate selection method for the Labour Party of Britain while addressing questions concerning how the party selects its candidates to parliament, what constitutes the selectorate, who can stand as a candidate, how the voting process works, and whether quotas exist for women, ethnic minorities, or other social groups. Lastly, the current study examines the question of whether a linkage exists between the leadership selection method in the Labour Party of Britain and the candidate selection method.

From the Paper
The Labour Party of Britain: an Analysis of the Candidate Selection Function Introduction The process of candidate selection is one of the most important functions political parties perform. It follows that the current study examines the importance of this function and its possible consequences. In addition, subsequent discussion classifies the candidate selection method for the Labour Party of Britain while addressing questions concerning how the party selects its candidates to parliament, what constitutes the selectorate, who can stand as a candidate, how the voting process works,

Tags:labour party, candidate selection, britain politics

Abstract
The paper explains that as genetic research continues to evolve, one of the themes those in genetic counseling seek is gender selection. This paper provides a brief review of genetics, chromosome pairing and gender determination following by a discussion of gender selection and its ramifications. The paper concludes with commentary and documentation as to why gender selection is unethical.

From the Paper
"The results of the Human Genome Project were astounding and revolutionized the world of genetics and unleashed a world of possibilities. Many people have feared genetics and the potential for the development of a master race of super humans similar to what one would see in a science fiction movie. The benefits of genetic knowledge, however, can affect the safety and health of children and save countless years of suffering and expense to parents of children born with sex related genetic disorders. One of the many joys of the childbirth experience is finding out the sex of the child either through ultrasound, amniocentesis or at the moment of birth as the doctor cries out "It's a boy" or "It's a girl.""

Tags:gender, selection, genetic

Abstract
An in-depth study of Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection, looking at major issues, such as god, life and evolution.

Table of Contents
I.Biography of Charles Darwin.
II.Explanation of the theory of natural selection.
III. Examples of Natural Selection
IV. Humans and God
V. Life on other planets and deathbed claims.
VI. Conclusion

From the Paper
"Most people think of evolution when they think of natural selection, the famous theory proposed by the British naturalist Charles Darwin. But, that could not be more untrue. Although Charles Darwin did have the very basic idea of that, he only figured out that only the strongest animals survived, shaping the course of history in it's most basic ways. Many other naturalists built on the notion of evolution. But, along with a couple of other theories, that ranks among the most important to mankind."

Tags:charles, darwin, evolution, life, living, natural, selection

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature on the steps that are being taken to correct personnel selection methods so as to reduce and/or eliminate any adverse impact effects. The paper ends with the development of several conclusions about personnel selection and how it can be improved based on the presented review of the relevant literature.

From the Paper
"As it relates to industrial and organizational psychology, Muchinsky and Marchese have stated that the concept of 'adverse impact' can be honed down and viewed primarily as a type of discrimination in which the result of using a particular personnel selection method has an adverse effect on protected group members compared with majority group members. Adverse impact is also said to be an unintentional form of discrimination which occurs when identical standards..."

Tags:adverse impact, personnel selection

Abstract
This paper refers to numbers of late 1990s medical and other positions on pre-conception gender selection that has encouraged a view of the 'designer' family in which children are of both genders. It looks at how by reviewing different phenomena and reactions to the possibility of conceiving male or female children, in the West or in the developing world, emphasis is placed on what the non-medical favour for gender selection has to say about how having children is regarded.

From the Paper
"The rise of pre-conceptive gender selection is sometimes said to enhance reproductive liberty, or enable couples to regulate the gender composition of their families. Feminists have criticized the possibility of societies containing more men due to the strong preference for male children that will be played out in choosing to have male children. Berkowitz notes that most arguments against the practice had centered on sex ratio alterations. "

Tags:sex, selection, ethics

Abstract
This paper explains that natural selection plays an important role in the process of evolution. The author contends that most researchers argue that environmental conditions do affect evolution by selecting certain individuals. The paper argues that the subject of debate is whether this process is a relatively steady, relatively continuous one or a relatively steady process, which is interrupted at times by periods of dramatic and rapid change.

From the Paper
"The role that natural selection plays in the process of evolution is both vital and not entirely understood. While most researchers argue that environmental conditions do affect evolution by selecting certain individuals, whether this process is a relatively..."

Tags:natural selection, darwin, nurture, gould

Abstract
The paper applies the concept of the production possibilities frontier to college selection. Factors taken into consideration include tuition costs, grants, and scholarships as well as other factors including possible relocation and the quality of the education itself.

From the Paper
"When a student considers which college to attend, many factors are taken into consideration. There is the issue of tuition costs and offsetting grants and scholarships. The time factor is taken into account would the student have to commute or live on campus, possibly relocating. The quality of the education itself comes into play both from the value of the information learned inside the classroom as well as the college experience as a whole. The student's own position in..."

Tags:production possibilities frontier, college selection, tuition, education

Abstract
In this article, the writer reviews literature on the efficacy of jury selection. The writer discusses the inherent problems in this matter. Further, the writer describes the process as a combination of science and intuition or guess work. The use of a jury consultant is also examined.

From the Paper
"Scientific jury selection is essentially partly science and partly intuition or guesswork. The science involved is a combination of sociology and psychology, as jury selectors have learned that the best predictors of juror behavior are the characteristics of the defendant in a particular case and the way the juror perceives those characteristics. Even when science is applied to this relationship however, predicting juror response is still a matter of some guesswork. Science can only lead to a prediction of juror behavior, it cannot guarantee that the ... "

Tags:jury, selection

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines theories of mate selection. The writer discusses why people choose specific individuals as their mates. Further, the writer presents a review of relevant literature. In this paper, interviews with couples regarding reasons for their attraction to their respective mates are also discussed.

From the Paper
"For several decades, researchers have proposed various theories to answer the perennial question of why people choose specific individuals as their mates. To explore this issue, this paper will first present a qualitative review of the literature on the different mate selection theories. Moreover the findings of the interviews conducted with six couples based on their perceptions of the underlying reasons for their attraction to their partners will be conducted. Using the combined evidence derived from the findings of these interviews, as well as additional research from the literature on ... "

Tags:MATE, SELECTION