Abstract This paper studies the essay written by Norman Cousins in 1962 about who was responsible for the death of then famous boxer, Benny Paret. It looks at the dangers of boxing as a blood sport and questions whether wider social circles were to blame for his death.
From the Paper "In his 1962 essay "Who Killed Benny Paret?", Norman Cousins makes a strong argument against the propriety - and the morality - of professional boxing. He backs up his statement with quotes from an interview he did nearly three decades before he wrote this essay as well as facts from the then-recent death of boxer Benny Paret. Although the essay is a compelling argument about the physical dangers of boxing to participants and the moral dangers of boxing to those who watch the sport, the essay would be even more effective if it were not quite so repetitive and if the events that he is writing about were better known to today's readers."
Abstract The sociology of sport is a sub-division of sociology that studies sport as an aspect of cultural and social life. The paper shows that it may at first seem frivolous to study the sociology of sport, because sport in general may not be seen as a suitable topic for academia. However, it is argued that sport is an extremely important part of our cultural and social life, and that there are many good reasons for studying the sociology of sport.
Abstract This paper discusses sports in the 1960's. Citing the examples set by Presidents Kennedy, Nixon, and Eisenhower, the entire world of sports in America is examined, including the Olympics, the affect of racism, the major historical issues of the time and how they affected sports, the growth in popularity of professional sports, and the role of the television and radio.
Tags:SPORTS / POLITICAL ISSUES (INTERNATIONAL, OLYMPICS, DRUG TESTING), sports in 1960's
Abstract This paper deals with psychology in sports training. The author asserts that performance in sports is significantly influenced by a variety of psychological factors, such as poor associations with memories of failure or self-confidence. As a result, the paper explains, many sports trainers now employ a variety of psychological aspects of sports training, such as visualizations, relaxation techniques, motivational strategies, and substance abuse management. The paper discusses at length the idea of self-talk and visualization and how these techniques can help athletes achieve better results in their given sport.
From the Paper "Mental imagery has to be practiced by individuals in their own way and depends on individual preferences and the circumstances under which it is adopted. The imagery can be practiced either on or off the field. These can be for a short duration, or a long duration; while sitting up or lying down; in complete silence or with a background of music; and with the eyes closed or open. It is the choice of the individual. For games like tennis which go on for some time, this may be done by the player even while the game is on but the ball is not in play. The player can visualize where he or she wanted to hit the ball, or even practice it, without the ball. When a player is in a quiet room before an important game, he should engage himself or herself in an exercise of visualization for the game ahead. To be able to do this, the players should be relaxed and receptive as that will also help the images to penetrate deep inside their minds. It is important that visualization is repeated - about two or three times a week. (The Effects of Mental Imagery on Athletic Performance)"
Abstract This paper examines the relationship between violence and sports. The paper first asserts that violence in sports is culturally agreeable and goal oriented. The paper then explores recreational violence, including hunting. Next the paper studies how sports legitimize violence and the relationship between sports, violence and masculinity. The paper concludes by studying the effect on male-female relationships of violence in sports.
From the Paper "This research paper addresses the topic of how violence in sports affects our lives. The following relevant areas are presented..."
Abstract This paper examines what motivates people to kill. The author relate how many people actually take part in mass killing and killing in war. The paper explores specific conflicts and killings.
From the Paper "Semelin examines the motives of the individual for participating in mass killings and notes that there are many reasons but most revolve around prestige and looking good in the eyes of ones neighbors friends and coworkers. He looks at the killing of the Jews in World War II often by neighbors or friends or at least fellow countrymen like the Poles and notes that people went along with the tide of what was happening. They justified what they did by believing they were obeying their superiors ..."
Abstract This paper discusses the tremendous growth of participation in amateur athletic events over the past few decades in terms of their scope, power and economic status and that in the United States alone, amateur athletics involve the lives and athletic experiences of people from their childhood through high school and college and beyond. This paper also discusses how high school and college sports are one of the most popular and important aspects of academic life today and that the camaraderie and fellowship that can emerge among sports players can possibly last a lifetime. The focus of this paper is on a disturbing trend towards violence in sports that has emerged in recent years. While injuries and mishaps can reasonably be expected to take place in any sporting event, there is frequently a fine distinction between intimidating tactics and violence that can result in serious injuries on the sporting field.
From the Paper "While violence in collegiate sports has received much attention in recent years, a less publicized problem also exists. College athletes are highly popular figures on campus and in communities, but they are being unfairly treated in terms of how they are compensated for their efforts. While the performance of these student athletes on the field or court provides millions of dollars in revenue for universities, these students receive only their scholarships (usually comprised of tuition, room, and board), but no spending money. Furthermore, under current NCAA regulations, these student athletes are prohibited from even working part-time during the season. "Athletes have been caught trying to make money by getting loans from coaches and advisers," the author says, "selling the shoes and other gear they get as team members, taking allowances from agents, and getting paid for no-show summer jobs provided by jock-sniffing alumni--all violations of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rules" (38). "
Tags: non, sporting, events, athletes, students, teams, coaches, drugs
Abstract This five page undergraduate paper examines sports medicine, which has been an increasingly popular field of study in recent years due to the major role that sports plays in American culture. The writer discusses that millions of people are drawn to the drama and intensely competitive nature of sports, and tens of thousands of them choose to combine their interest in sports with their interests in health and medicine by pursuing careers in sports medicine.
From the Paper "Sports medicine has been an increasingly popular field of study in recent years, due to the major role that sports play in American culture. Millions of people are drawn to the drama and intensely competitive nature of sports, and tens of thousands of them choose to combine their interest in sports with their interests in health and medicine by pursuing careers in sports medicine. Sports medicine as a profession can be expected to keep expanding in the foreseeable future, so job prospects and opportunities are bright for graduates with degrees in sports medicine."
Abstract This is a persuasive paper that tackles the idea that sports has become simply a marketing agent and a business game rather than a sport that promotes competition, values and respect. The author argues that sport has recently been transformed to a commercial mechanism whereby the media promotes ideals of heroes and contribute to the ideals of falsity and corruption. Sports has become a commodity and a marketing tool and a money orientated idea. Includes an analysis of the statement by Tyler Cowen ?we run the danger that commercially successful heroes induce dangerous forms of mimesis and fail to help citizens coordinate around noble ideas.?
From the Paper "Thesis: The marketing of sports has become a business where players make more money marketing the products than playing the game. Sports heroes are then, no longer promoting the ideals of competition and values, rather through the commercialization of the team and player they are contributing falsity to a society already chaotic. "
Tags:sport, monet, comodity, conumer, marketing, business, hero, social
Abstract This author believes that the question regarding the growing number of schoolhouse killings is not how the children get the weapons that kill but rather why they use them. This paper presents many studies that indict the violence on television. The author concludes that we can stop, or reduce, the killing in the classrooms by turning off the television and campaigning for a reduction of violence on television.
From the Paper "Long-term consequences of violence are seldom portrayed on television"children often do not get to see the end result of violence such as death, injury or incarceration. This sends the meaning to viewers that violence goes unpunished and that it is a successful method of handling conflicts. From this, children learn inappropriate behaviors and poor conflict resolution skills. The vast majority of violent scenes demonstrate that there is either a winner or a loser in life's situations; the winner is the person who uses his or her weapon more effectively"that is, kills the opponent. ... illustrates that 25% of violent interactions among youth involve the use of handguns, the popular choice in recent publicized ?kid killings.? "
This paper examines the use of steroids in sports, while citing several cases in the areas of professional, college and high school athletics across the U.S.
Abstract This paper explores the issue of steroid use in sports which is not only a problem in the professional circuit, but has crept its way into high schools and colleges across the nation. The writer of this paper focuses on the use of steroids in these areas while examining the various solutions to this growing problem. This writer details the current professional sports climate which does little to help this situation. Kids see athletes as role models and when they see them using steroids, they perceive it as an endorsement. This paper defines steroids as a medicine synthesized to perform like human hormones, mostly testosterone and to a lesser extent human growth hormone. The writer discusses the current punishments for steroid use, which are lenient by expert standards. This paper examines the various efforts to stop the use of steroids in sports. The writer contends that the underlying path to stopping the use of steroids in sports will come when the young athletes are stopped and held accountable for their actions.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Why it is Happening
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Currently the punishments for steroid use are lenient by expert standards. A professional baseball player has to be caught four times before anything serious happens to him. The first infraction can get a 10 day suspension, while subsequent uses can get up to a quarter of as season on the bench. This sends the message to young sports enthusiasts that the use of illegal steroids is not that big of an issue.
One of the first things that needs to be done to stop the use of steroids is to change the public perception of winning and the importance of doing so. As long as children and adults are being conditioned that winning at all costs is acceptable steroid use is going to be an issue in sports."
Abstract As the title implies, this paper evaluates both the history of womens' involvement in sports and the recent developments. The author blames the media for the present imbalance citing many specific examples and causes. She examines sports on the High School level as well as the professional.
From the Paper "I have decided to look into the issue of media coverage and the imaging of female athletes because it is an area of popular culture that I am not only interested in, but have become intensely aware of as a spectator of sports programming. I have also watched and noticed over the years that sports coverage of women is another means by which the media sexualizes women. Mass media, which has long been transmitting negative stereotypes of women, portrays female athletes with these same stereotypes on place."
This nine-page paper looks at the career of the sports psychologist, discussing aspects such as organizations that utilize the need for this type of person, discussing the skills, competencies, and training required,
2,150 words (approx. 8.6 pages), 6 sources, 2002, $ 80.95
Abstract This nine-page paper looks at the career of the sports psychologist, discussing aspects such as organizations that utilize the need for this type of person, discussing the skills, competencies, and training required, looking at salaries, the importance of such work and also provides an example of one such association that does have a use for a sports psychologist.
Tags:SPORTS / HEALTH (MEDICINE, PSYCHOLOGY), sports psychologist
This paper addresses how the advent and the history of minorities in sporting events has actively promoted the gradual acceptance of minorities in society as a whole.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, 2002, $ 44.95
Abstract This paper addresses how the advent and the history of minorities in sporting events has actively promoted the gradual acceptance of minorities in society as a whole. However, this paper also examines how sporting events has actively served to decrease social stereotypes in many respects but also has served to encourage these stereotypes in several prominent and avoidable ways.
Tags:SPORTS / POLITICAL ISSUES (INTERNATIONAL, OLYMPICS, DRUG TESTING), minorities sports public
Abstract This research paper provides an overview and background of the issues, followed by a discussion of specific stadiums throughout the nation. An assessment of the legal issues involved in financing a major sports arena is followed by a summary of the research and an analysis of the future of sports arena financing in the conclusion.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Review and Discussion
III.Review and Discussion of Recent Examples
V. Summary and Conclusions
From the Paper "We may not have the Circus Maximus, but Americans come close. Not only do sports enjoy a special status in the hearts of Americans, it turns out that sports franchises do too. New sports facilities costing at least $200 million each have been completed or are under way in Baltimore, Charlotte, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Nashville, San Francisco, St. Louis, Seattle, Tampa, and Washington, D.C., and are in the planning stages in Boston, Dallas, Minneapolis, New York, and Pittsburgh. Major stadium renovations have been undertaken in Jacksonville and Oakland. Industry experts estimate that more than $7 billion will be spent on new facilities for professional sports teams before 2006. Most of this $7 billion will come from public sources. The subsidy starts with the federal government, which allows state and local governments to issue tax-exempt bonds to help finance sports facilities. While major sports franchises across the country are reaping the benefits of taxpayer-financed arenas in which to compete, the debate continues about the appropriateness of providing such enormous amounts of resources for the reasons provided by the promoters."
