Abstract
The paper summarizes George Kennan's argument in "The Sources of Soviet Conduct."

From the Paper
"In ..., in an article signed by X, George F Kennan described the nexus between ideology and circumstances in the Soviet Union. Titled "The Sources of Soviet Conduct", Kennan's article asserted that the ideological underpinnings of Soviet communism were influenced dramatically by the actual circumstances of the revolution in which power became concentrated in the hands of dictators like Josef Stalin who were unable to tolerate the emergence of rival political forces. An ideology based on an ongoing proletarian revolution to..."

Tags:George Kennan, Soviet Union

Abstract
The paper discusses George Kennan's influential statement known as "The Long Telegram" where he presented his opposition to communism. The paper analyzes the content of Kennan's telegram that illustrates his unrelenting position towards the USSR. The paper relates that his ideas definitely impacted the relations between the United States and the USSR.

Outline:
Author and Location
Purpose of the Long Telegram
The Audience
Analysis of Kennan's Perspectives on Historical Events
Analysis of Content
The Telegram and the Cold War

From the Paper
"George Kennan, an American diplomat to whom this famed document is associated, had worked during the times of the Soviets . Kennan began his career as a diplomat after the Russian Civil War and in doing so had witnessed the agricultural collectivization and public fear from a close perspective.
"After serving as chief of mission and Ambassador Averell Harriman's consultant in Moscow for another two years, from 1944 to 1946, Kennan finally sent his influential statement on the twenty second of February 1946 during the beginnings of the cold war. Kennan's telegram was printed in Foreign Affairs in 1947 under the title, The Sources of Soviet Conduct. The name of the author was withheld; however, it was general knowledge that Kennan was the writer."

Tags:USSR, United, States, Cold, War, foreign, policy

Abstract
The paper examines how Kennan's work manages to predict many aspects of the inevitable fall of Communism, such as the negative economic state and the influence of foreign policy.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze the book, "George F. Kennan: Memoirs, 1925-1950".

This is a very meaty book, written by one of America's premier diplomats in the Foreign Service, who chronicles his experiences abroad during some of the most pivotal events ever to happen on the world stage.

In Chapter 1, "A Personal Note," the author states his qualifications as "I had inherited a detestation of scenes which I can only put down as a congenital weakness of the family. Many people plow more lucidly through the inevitable brutalities of life. My greatest assets were a reasonably lucid and open intellect, lazy and passive when left to itself but capable of vigorous reaction when challenged; a high sensitivity to atmosphere and to other people's worlds of thought; and an almost ... "

Abstract
This paper examines Andrew Heywood's analysis of political theory, explaining that it can be used to shed light on the main issues George F. Kennan was arguing in the late 40s and early 50s. Specifically, the paper examines how Kennan's line of thought regarding the Soviet Union, could be placed in a theoretical framework proposed by Heywood. The paper relates that, taking into account Heywood's theoretical framework, George Kennan can be seen as a realist, in light of the content of his "Long Telegram", and his subsequent article entitled "The origin of Soviet conduct". The paper concludes, however, that, still, globalization plays an essential role in shaping the international environment, an influence which makes certain considerations lose their relevance.

From the Paper
"While during the confrontation, the relations between the three allies were seen as relatively stable and profitable for all sides, as the war came to an end serious concerns emerged over the real intentions of the actors involved in the conflagration. The most disturbing signal came from the Russian leader, Josef Stalin who had decided to take control of Eastern Europe and establish the communist system of government. (Kissinger, 1995) This perspective automatically ruled out the possibility of democracy in those states and therefore the threat of authoritarian regimes in Europe was becoming increasingly real. George Kennan, charge d'affaires in Moscow at the time considered a new approach for the foreign policy of the US, the containment doctrine, which advocated isolation from the rest of the world of the Soviet Union. In this sense, he believed, Stalin's need for conflict would not be met, and his internal legitimacy would in time erode which would eventually lead to the demise of the USSR."

Tags:relatively, stable, politicians, future, profitable

Abstract
This paper discusses George F. Kennan's article, "The Sources of Soviet Conduct". The paper examines how this piece of writing helped shape the American Foreign Policy toward Moscow. The paper contends that the article shows a profound understanding of some of the political realities that characterized the international relations immediately after the Second World War.

From the Paper
"The policy of containment appeared from the necessity to fill the prospective void in the relations between the Western powers and its former Soviet allies, as the two parties became clearly involved on different sides of the Iron Curtain. The Cold War implied new rules and conflict regulations, especially given the new weapons characteristics (the Soviets would be producing their first A-bomb in 1949). Although the principle of assured mutual destruction was a policy that had many proselytes during a certain period of time, the policy of containment seemed not only more reasonable, but also more constructive. One of the main theoreticians setting the basis for containment was George Kennan, in his article "The Sources of Soviet Conduct"."

Tags:american, foreign, policy, moscow

From the Paper
"The policy of containment that was created and articulated in the U.S. during the late 1940's was based on both ideological assumptions and concrete political actions. The analysis which follows will explore both dimensions of this process, focusing on the thoughts of Reinhold Niebuhr and George Kennan as well as the political decisions of the Truman administration.

"In January of 1947 a group of liberals met in Washington D.C. to form the Americans for Democratic Action. This group pledged to continue working within the Democratic Party and to fight Communism both at home and over ... "

Abstract
The paper analyzes five primary sources in researching and understanding the Cold War era, specifically, George F. Kennan's "Long Telegram", Nicolai Novikav's telegram, the National Security Council (NSC) White Paper, George Kennan's article for quarterly publication, and finally, Truman's speech delivered before a session of joint Congress. Through these five documents, the paper illustrates the poised position of the free world to embark upon the disastrous course of nuclear war. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.

Outline:
Introduction
George F. Kennan (Part I)
The Novikav Telegram
National Security Council White Paper, 68
"The Sources of Soviet Conduct" by "X" in Foreign Affairs, July 1947
The Truman Speech
Conclusion (Part II)

From the Paper
"US Ambassador to Russia, George F. Kennan's "Long Telegram (1946)," is a primary source for researching and understanding the Cold War era. The document, a telegram sent by Kennan from his embassy post in Russia in 1946 to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, was a summation of Kennan's impressions of the post World War II U.S.-Soviet relations. The telegram was meant to brief Kennan's boss, the Secretary of State, who, in turn, would brief the President on Kennan's perceptions. Kennan probably knew that the telegram would make the usual presidential cabinet rounds: Secretary of State, the President, Vice President, Press Secretary, Chief of Staff, and others in the president's inner circle. The telegram made the rounds of the inner circle, but was also circulated to key figures in the Senate and the House. This, Kennan admits during a 1996 CNN interview, surprised him, because he believed that the telegram would receive a cursory review, and then the policymakers would proceed as they chose without being influenced by Kennan's first-hand observations and recommendations."

Tags:Novikav, Kennan, Truman, nuclear, weapons, USSR, US, Stalin, China, communism

Abstract
A description of how the doctrine of containment expanded from a solely European initiative to include the entire world. This paper discusses the Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Korean War and the Chinese civil war.

From the paper:

"In February 1946, a sixteen- page cable, sent from Moscow to Washington by a staff officer in the American embassy, first introduced the idea of containment. George Kennan's "long telegram" and subsequent "Mr. X." article in Foreign Affairs in July 1947, concluded that the Soviet Union, left unchecked, would expand into the power vacuum created in Europe after World War II. To prevent all of Europe from coming under the reign of this militaristic dictatorship, Soviet influence needed to be "contained" within its current boundaries."

Tags:chinese, civil, doctrine, korean, marshall, plan, truman, war

Abstract
This paper examines the evolution of the political relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after WWII. The paper explains how both countries viewed the other country's political objective and how these perspectives ultimately shaped all other international relations in the period from the Potsdam Conference until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1989.

From the Paper
"Though the United States and the Soviet Union emerged from World War II as putative allies and co-victors in the struggle against Nazi Germany, the reality of the period following World War II is that the United States and the Soviet Union were not allies in any meaningful sense. Whereas the United States positioned itself as supportive of a return to national autonomy in all of Europe, Arnold A. Offner has argued that the Soviets saw a defeated Europe as a logical locus for the extension of Soviet interests and hegemony."

Tags:churchill, cold, stalin, truman, war, european, revitalization, marshall, plan, allies, george, kennan