Abstract This paper details the life and many accomplishments of acclaimed artist Georgia O'Keeffe and probes her brilliant use of every color on the palate. The writer also discusses how O'Keeffe's unique artistic methods are currently used in art teaching on every level from elementary schools to the finest universities throughout the world.
Topics covered in this report include:
Thesis Statement
O'Keeffe's Theoretical Context of Post Modernism
The Impacts of O'Keeffe's Use of Color
O'Keeffe's Treatment of Gender and Sexuality
Georgia O'Keeffe - The Artist's Context and the Person
Bibliography
From the Paper "However, with undaunted enthusiasm from 1950 through 1964 she did continue to produce works albeit not many with the zeal and fire and passion of her earlier works in the formative years. And, when loss of eyesight handicapped her further in the early seventies she began working in three dimensional art works in clay and with the assistance of Jaun Hamilton reentering the art world in 1973."
Abstract This paper discusses the art of Georgia O'Keeffe and relates this to three of her paintings, "Red Canna" (c.1923), "Ranchos Church"(1931) and "Horse's Skull with Pink Rose" (1931). The paper shows how O'Keeffe produced works with a blend of abstraction and pictorialism, notably for subjects such as flowers, animal bones and landscapes. Her work places a stress on contours and tonal transitions and her large flower paintings in particular are often seen as yonic symbols, meaning representations of the female sexual organ.
From the Paper "Georgia O'Keeffe was one of the great modernist painters in America. She was born in 1887 and died in 1966. O'Keeffe was a leading figure in American art for 70 years and remains influential to this day. This is what O'Keeffe does in this painting: Her painting "Ranchos Church" (1931) is one of several she did of the "Rancho de Taos Church" in Taos, New Mexico and other artists have emulated her and painted the same structure. The image in the painting is deceptively simplified, giving an impression of the shape of the church rather than an accurate rendering of the building. The texture of the image makes it appear organic, as if the building were a living thing emerging from the ground, with both the same color and differentiated from the blue of the sky above."
Abstract The paper relates that the highest grossing coffee beverage in Japan is Coca-Cola's Georgia. This unique coffee beverage can be served hot or cold. Following is the marketing information for an introduction of Georgia into the United States. Included in this, is a market analysis, an industry and competitor assessment and the marketing strategy that will be employed.
From the Paper "Market Analysis: As noted, Georgia is the highest grossing coffee beverage in Japan; however, to successfully enter the United States market, a different market segment should be targeted. Instead of targeting adult beverage drinkers, the late teen, early twenties age demographic should be targeted for American Georgia. Young adults between the ages of 12 and 21 spend $217 billion a year, in the retail market (Clements). In fact, teenage girls spend approximately $47 per week, while boys spend $45 per week ("Girl Power")."
Abstract The paper presents a comparison of tax liability in the states of Georgia and Louisiana. The Primary focus is on state income taxes, state and local sales tax and property taxes. The paper discusses the impact of variables on tax liability.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to compare tax liabilities in two states - Georgia and Louisiana. The primary focus of the comparison is on a state income taxes ..."
Abstract This paper reviews a recent United States Supreme Court decision Georgia v. McCollum (505 U. S. 42, 1992) in which the United States' highest court held that peremptory jury selection by a criminal defendant, like jury selection by a state prosecutor, ceases to be acceptable when it forbids the inclusion of whole groups of people instead of merely the exclusion of particular individuals who cannot be counted upon to deliberate honestly and thoughtfully.
From the Paper "Georgia v. McCollum was a United States Supreme Court case that involved the uncomfortable intersection between discrimination and jury selection. Particularly, the case turned upon how the legal system should balance the rights of the accused with the rights of prospective jurors. The following paper will examine the High Court's balancing of these two rights and assess whether or not the final "balancing act" achieved was a sound one or whether it creates the potential for new abuses (ended here)."
Abstract This paper explains how Georgia O?Keeffe was a distinguished artist whose works illustrate the possibilities of potential of every artist determined to succeed. It shows how she was instrumental in exposing an artistic style that became dominant in America during the 20th century. Her work is often described as abstract, expressionistic, and passionate. O?Keeffe's life is filled with accomplishments that can be attributed to her determination to express herself as well as possible through her paintings. She was courageous and passionate, and these qualities shine through her vast collection of diverse paintings.
From the Paper "O"Keeffe was one of the first female painters to become recognized for her work, which is quite an achievement considering that when she began painting, women were not allowed to vote. (Spangenburg 4) O"Keeffe's early exposure to the women's suffrage movement is perhaps one of the most influential factors in her life. According to John Kehoe, this independence was present in every aspect of her life. He says, "She made most of her own clothes. She did not drink, avoided sugar, took a quantity of vitamins, and abjured all drugs, medicinal and otherwise: Her cure for a headache was wrapping a warm scarf around her head" (Kehoe). Even her personal life illustrates a dogged individuality."
Abstract A critical analysis of contemporary art. The author focuses on Georgia O' Keeffe, a postmodern artist and examines her postmodern ideas about culture and gender that she communicates through her use of style, color content and artistic context.
From the Paper "Art represents human construction. Moreover, it is a mode of communication because its? meaning resides in encounters between an audience and an artifact. As such through her art, American painter Georgia O"Keeffe communicates not only the post-modern time in which she constructed, but also the cultural and gender influences that affected her color content and overall artistic context. In focusing upon the latter works of the prolific artist Georgia O"Keeffe one robs oneself of some, if not all of the formative aspects of her long and illustrious career. Particularly significant is that from 1950 forward to her death at 98 in 1986, not only did her health begin to fail her but her most precious gift ? that of her amazing eyesight ? robs this amazing artist of the very opportunities of expression she sought after the death of her husband in 1946."
Tags: art, painitng, picture, style, content, color
Abstract O'Keeffe is mostly known for her blend of abstraction and pictorialism which she applied to flowers, animal bones and landscapes. This paper looks at her style and how it stressed contours and tonal transitions, which often transformed the subject into a powerful abstract image. Focusing on the painting "The Shelton With Sunspots", the writer argues that, although the painting shows elements of the Precisionist style, it also demonstrates O'Keeffe's unique manner of interpreting her chosen subject.
From the Paper "O'Keeffe is associated with the abstract art movement of the early twentieth century. Basically, abstractionism is a style that rejects realism and seeks to reduce subject matter to basic shapes. O'Keeffe's use of abstraction was influenced more by Asian art and the work of Wassily Kandinsky than by Cubism, which she regarded as "a relic of European Renaissance that was not native to American culture."1 O'Keeffe was also influenced by photography, the craft that was practiced by her husband, Alfred Stieglitz. In the 1920s, O'Keeffe was also associated with a group of artists known as the "Precisionists." The Precisionists created works that were a "compromise between realism and abstraction," and which featured "precise technique" and "sharp-edged and simplified forms."2 Despite the influences of abstractionism, photography and the Precisionists, O'Keeffe was an individualist who "aspired to a style that was timeless, universal, and, above, all, impersonal."3"
Abstract This paper discusses two of the leading abstract artists in America in the Twentieth Century, Georgia O'Keeffe and Ronnie Landfield. This paper takes into consideration their subjects, styles, and how they differ, with O'Keeffe beginning work as a more realistic painter until various influences pushed her more toward abstract art, though even then she tended to mix her styles and to paint her abstractions in a concrete and rather realistic manner, and with the leading figure in what is known as Lyrical Abstraction.
From the Paper "His compositions, executed in the gentle vibrancy of stain painting, are stylization of landscapes. Yet, in no real sense is there a dependence on observation from nature. His landscapes present no identifying details, they are not individualized by topographical details and cannot be located in the world . They are generically landscapes, landscapes only by principles of composition and according to the interpretive reflex by which we necessarily read any horizontal division as a horizon line (Cohen para. 7)."
Abstract This in-depth paper discusses the rise to power of Governor Joseph E. Brown of Georgia during the Antebellum Period (1840-1860) in American History. It argues that Brown's rise was based on his support for states' rights, his common man roots and popularity. The paper describes that his power was a championship of the common Georgian causes, slavery, and a division within the Democratic Party. It equates Brown's success with the fact that he was a true Georgian and never dealt with national politics. The paper concludes that Brown used his power as Governor to lead Georgia out of the Union, when most Georgians wanted to remain in the Union.
Table of Contents:
State Senator Joseph E. Brown and His Common Man Roots: 1849-1851
The Georgia Democratic State Convention of 1857
Governor Joseph E. Brown and the March to War: 1857-1860
The Election of Lincoln and the Georgia Convention on Secession: 1860-1861
The Georgian Joseph E. Brown: Conclusions
Bibliography
From the Paper "A defining moment in American history was the cannon shot that could be heard across the country. At 4:30 in the morning on April 12, 1861, Confederate General Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard (b. 1818 ? d. 1893), under the orders of Confederate President Jefferson Davis (b. 1808 ? d. 1889), opened fire on the besieged Fort Sumter in the Charleston, South Carolina, harbor, starting the American Civil War (1861-1865). The following day, Georgia Governor Joseph Emerson Brown (b. 1821 ? d. 1894) received a telegram from the newly appointed Confederate Secretary of War, Leroy P. Walker (b. 1817 ? d. 1884), informing Brown of the events in South Carolina. Walker wrote, ?I must beg you at once without more delay to furnish my requisition for troops of March 9th. . . I trust you will concur with me in the opinion that the emergency of the case demands instant action.? As Governor Brown read this letter he must have felt apprehensive. On the previous January 19th, using his power and popularity, Brown had lead Georgia out of the Union during a state convention, but now the first shots of a rebellion had been fired. This Southern Rebellion would surely lead to the creation of an independent Confederated States of America. At this point Brown must choose between the protection of Georgia and the protection of the newly born Confederate States of America. Brown quickly began writing his response to Secretary Walker."
Abstract This paper discusses the case of Chisholm vs. Georgia of 1793 that is considered by many to be the first great United States Supreme Court case. The paper presents the case of South Carolina residents executing the estate of Alexander Chisholm, who sued the state of Georgia in the Supreme Court over payments due them for goods that Chisholm had supplied to Georgia during the American Revolutionary War. The paper discusses the Court's ruling and describes the Eleventh Amendment, which was passed a couple of years thereafter.
From the Paper "Two years later, the Eleventh Amendment was passed, which states, "The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State" (Eleventh PP). This amendment forbids Federal jurisdiction in cases when citizens of one state or foreign countries attempt to sue another state and formally removed the Court's jurisdiction in such cases, however, citizens of one state or foreign countries can still use the Federal courts if the state consents to be sued or if Congress abrogates the states? immunity from suit (Wikipedia PP). Alden v. Maine, 527 U.S. 706 (1999) states, "Private individuals cannot enforce federal laws against unconsenting states in state court to the extent enforcement is barred in federal court by the 11th Amendment" (Amendment PP). The state can waive immunity, however, the waiver must be knowing and authorized, and moreover, the mere acceptance of federal funds does not constitute clear consent, such as in Atascadero State Hospital v. Scanlon, 473 U.S. 234 (1985) (Amendment PP). Sovereign immunity bars suits against unconsenting states in state court for violations of federal law and from authorizing a federal agency to adjudicate complaints by private persons against a state or state agency."
Abstract This paper explains that International Paper, considering industry-wide overcapacity, would not necessarily lead to improved profitability, and the risks of owning Georgia-Pacific stock include the company's severe exposure to asbestos liabilities and environmental lawsuits and the high leverage on the balance sheet. The author points out that the stock market "bulls" state that IP occupies the industry's number one spot in coated and uncoated paper, bleached board and land ownership; the number two spot in softwood lumber production and the number three spot in container-board, which translates into scale advantages. The paper relates that the "bulls" state that the sale of Georgia-Pacific's low-margin construction-products distribution business will free up more than $1 billion to put toward debt reduction. Many tables and charts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Strategy
Management
Financial Health
Growth
Valuation
Risk
Conclusions regarding International Paper
Bulls' Opinion
Bears' Opinion
Conclusions regarding Georgia-Pacific
Bulls' Opinion
Bears' Opinion
From the Paper "Over the past three years, International Paper has consolidated its position in the industry. Its strategy was to use acquisitions in order to build momentum and sell any assets that cannot be used in one of the company's three core categories. International Paper bought Champion International for $9.5 billion in 2000 and subsequently sold non-essential assets which were in total value of $3 billion. When it comes to strategy, Georgia-Pacific's intention is to distance itself from commodity wood and paper products, and move into high-value-added businesses, that also present the advantage to be close to the consumer. In 2001, the company spun off its timber operations and sold a portion of its pulp and paper assets. In 2002, the company sold its paper distribution business. Finally, in 2004, GP sold its construction-product distribution business and two pulp mills."
Abstract This paper discusses the need to convert the Georgia University system's Spanish departments to teaching a more modern, currently used version of the Spanish language. It explores the teaching of Spanish in the American education system, particularly the history of teaching Spanish in the Georgia University system. The paper examines immigration, business, world trade organizations and society in the quest to illuminate the more recent trends in the Spanish language being used in America. It then discusses the need for the Georgia University system to adopt textbooks, curriculum and classes that dovetail with these trends. Finally, the paper attempts to provide evidence for change and examines how such change can benefit the state's university students and ultimately American business relations.
Table of Contents:
Abstract
Synopsis
Executive Summary
Introduction
The Concept Of Linguistic Legitimacy
Critical Curriculum Development in the Foreign Language
Classroom
Problem Posing
Holism And The Critical Curriculum: The Role Of Interdisciplinary Units
Critical Assessment And Evaluation
Implications For Foreign Language Pedagogy
Questions For Reflection And Discussion
Conceptualizing Language Rights
Violations Of Language Rights
The Nature And Purposes Of Language Planning
Ideologies Of Language Policy
The Foreignness Agenda
Why Spanglish or Mexico not Spain language?
History
Introduction
The Research Agenda
Socio-historical Themes
Immigration
Racialization
Gender, Ethnicity, and Race in School and Work Outcomes of Second-Generation Mexican Americans
Conclusion
From the Paper "One of the things that a university strives to do is to provide an education that will benefit the graduate in a positive manner after the graduation ceremony. For many years Georgia universities have provided foreign language courses to assist their students in developing the skills they will need after they graduate and enter the career or field of their choice. The immigration population in Georgia with regard to Hispanics is one of the fastest growing in America and the time has come to redesign the Spanish language courses that are being taught."
"NAFTA, American business and public forums are all working with and involved in the Spanish that is spoken in Mexico and Latin America, while the universities continue to instruct in European style Spanish. Evidence is strong and the time has come to incur the cost of choosing new textbooks, developing new curriculums and teaching Spanish in a style that will be useful to the American business world."
Abstract This paper sheds light on the political achievements of Sen. Zell Miller, the former governor of Georgia. The paper details how Zell Miller became Senator in 2000 after the untimely death of Senator Paul Coverdell and how he has been serving the people of Georgia for more than three decades including the sixteen years he served as lieutenant governor before he was selected for governor's office in 1991. Some of his most well-known accomplishments include his far-reaching educational policies and proposals for tough laws against drunk drivers.
From the Paper "It is evident from his long career in public life that the man possesses farsightedness and a genuine desire to bring positive change in social and economic life of people in his state and therefore was rightly selected to represent his people in the Senate. It is certainly commendable that the policies he made exclusively for his state were considered worthy of adoption on a national level. He will now serve as a Senator till July 2004 and has decided to work for his people and never for one particular party. The man is known for his commitment to his state and the success of his programs is evident from the fact that when he left office, his approval rating had reached 85 percent. He had been able to send 357,000 Georgians to college through his HOPE scholarship programs and some 246,200 young kids stood to benefit from his pre-kindergarten program, both these programs were lottery funded."
Abstract This paper discusses how the Republic of Georgia is a nation with its own history and now like so many other republics freed after the fall of the Soviet Empire, Georgia is reinventing its past and rediscovering what has been lost, forgotten, or distorted during the years of Soviet rule. It examines the factors that led up to its declaration of independence, the leaders involved, its economy then and now and the direction in which the country is headed.
From the Paper "In 1999, Pope John Paul visited the predominantly Orthodox Georgia. However, despite his pleas for closer ties between the two churches, "no Orthodox clergy attended his mass" (Sheets pg). His visit was seen by Georgians as more political than religious, helping to shine the international spotlight on Georgia. In his homily, the Pope expressed, "With its culture, history and faith, Georgia has always looked towards the West and has made its own contribution to Christian Europe" (Sheets pg). He went on to describe Georgia as a "model of respect and tolerance towards other religions and noted that places of worship for Christians, Jews and Moslems stood close together in Tbilisi" (Sheets pg)."
