Abstract This report assesses the current situation of strife and conflict in Kashmir by using conflict theories, such as the stratification of society, expulsion and genocide among the people of the area, inter-group conflict, prejudice and discrimination, dominant group theory, and vicious cycle phenomenon, as well as other associated theories. The report does not dwell solely on the history of the strife in Kashmir, which is an area that is renowned for its beauty, as well as for being the focus of conflict in Indian society, a point of contention between India and Pakistan, and the impetus point of separatist movements. Instead, it looks at recent events and conflicts in the area using the sociological and theoretical concepts mentioned above.
From the Paper "In terms of the population of Kashmir, the province or area contains over 12 million individuals, most of whom are Muslims. There are also prominent populations of Hindus, Sikhs, and Buddhists in this area. The Hindu population is more concentrated towards the southern regions of Kashmir, and in the city of Jammu. In eastern Kashmir, the main proponents of the Buddhist population are found. The Kashmiri people are generally working on an agricultural economy ("Jammu and Kashmir"). In terms of the history of the strife that has occurred in this region, briefly, since the partition of India and Pakistan after Indian independence in 1947, Kashmir has been a point of dispute and contention between India and Pakistan, with each country claiming Kashmir as a part of its own nation, and the two countries often going to war over this and associated issues. Lately, since the late 1980s, the conflict in the area has turned more to internal separatist movements against what is viewed to be Indian occupation. This has resulted in prevalent conflicts between the Indian state and the Kashmiri people up to and including the present."
Abstract This paper discusses the conflict between India and Pakistan over the Kashmir region and suggests methods for reconciliation. The paper looks at history relevant to the conflict, its origins and causes.
Tags: India, Pakistan, Kashmir, peace paradigm conflict resolution
Abstract Competing claims over Kashmir by India and Pakistan are the key sources of the conflicts. The claims and the consequences are the result of some historical events, but also of opposing ideologies of India and Pakistan. Responses associated with the claims from both sides have engendered political extremism in Kashmir. Past policies of the U.S. and China toward the region, on the other hand, have instigated armed conflicts and contributed to the extremism.
Abstract This paper presents a realistic perspective of the Kashmirconflict. The paper outlines the background of the dispute in Kashmir, identifying the struggle of both India and Pakistan claiming rights to the region. The paper analyzes the suffering caused to the people of Kashmir as a result of the conflict and concludes that, according to the realist approach, the Pakistani side seems to be more on track with regard to reality in Kashmir.
From the Paper "Thus, examples of reality may include such things as poverty, an illness, fire, unemployment, warfare, a physical confrontation, etc. Further, and perhaps even more important in the context of the Kashmir conflict, is the notion that not only is reality a 'thing' indicated by its ability to cause some effect, but that the individual's understanding or acknowledgement of reality is subject to all kinds of historical and other influences. It draws a clear distinction between reality and our knowledge of reality (Basden, 2004). In order to explore this, let us consider the 'bones' of the conflict in Kashmir."
Abstract This essay examines the claims of India and Pakistan over Kashmir, and examines some of the more viable solutions towards ending the fifty year standoff, concluding with a proposition for self-determination. It also suggests solutions to avoiding a nuclear conflict.
From the Paper "Few current events are capable of conjuring the level of passion characteristically aroused in the debate over the disputed territory of Jammu and Kashmir. The valley that has historically been characterized by the beauty and fertility of its land is now depicted in routine acts of violence, religious extremism, and human rights atrocities, and the issues at hand are as convoluted as the region's ancient history. Most aspects regarding Kashmir's current turmoil remain obscured to outsiders by ambiguity and propaganda. What have become evident, however, are the countless atrocities routinely perpetrated over the past several decades. Since 1947, Pakistan and India have twice declared war over the disputed territory, and have persistently engaged in low-level border skirmishes, which have left thousands dead. Because both counties now possess nuclear weapons, the international stakes in resolving the conflict have never been greater. Although both India and Pakistan have undoubtedly played a role in the violence, one's view of the crisis depends upon which account has been given, as both countries seem more interested in distorting the facts to aid their own cause, rather than viewing acts of violence individually and objectively."
Abstract This paper examines the Indian/Pakistani conflict over the Kashmir region. Initially, the origins of the conflict in Indian independence are identified and traced to the present. The current situation, in the wake of 9/11 is also analyzed.
Abstract The paper explains how Eqbal Ahmad saw the Kashmirconflict as the last aspect of the terrible Partition violence of 1947 to produce India and Pakistan. The paper refers to the hysteria of nationalism in both countries, but with a section noting that women have forever suffered as in 1947, or today in Kashmir, as policy-makers around the world debate what to do with a South Asian nuclear flashpoint area. The paper refers to Khushwant Singh/Shauna Singh Baldwin and the commemorative Eqbal Ahmad film.
From the Paper "The 1947 Partition of India involved unspeakable violence. For 50 years, few people wished its dark months of massacres, separated families and communities,and what was for many complete economic ruination. In the film, "Crossing the Lines," Pervez Hoodbhoy and Zia Mian, scholars and activists inspired by the example of Eqbal Ahmad (1933-1999) explained what can be hysterical divisions between Muslim and Hindu versions of history and of the future, too. Ahmad's approach to history and sectarianism in South Asia will continue to inspire all those willing to examine the roots of the Hindu-Muslim divide and how it has become tangled, disastrously, with what should be secular nationalism."
Abstract This paper examines the future of Kashmir. Specifically, it presents the best moral arguments for and against an Indian administered plebiscite to determine the future of Kashmir. It begins by presenting deontological arguments in favor of a plebiscite. It also considers grounds for morally opposing a plebiscite.
Abstract The paper offers a background into the Indo-Pakistani conflict that is rooted in the dispute for the Jammu and Kashmir regions. The paper identifies the political, religious, ethnic and economic components that have created this difficult situation in South Asia. The paper discusses potential solutions that are all extremely challenging, but concludes that solutions and negotiations must be undertaken before nuclear conflict results.
From the Paper "The relationship between India and Pakistan has evolved towards a very dramatic outcome after the fall of the British Indian Empire in 1947 and the emergence of the two countries as independent states. The two countries fought four wars between each other and the reasons that stand at the basis of the tensioned situation are complex and deeply rooted in the historical and cultural relation between the two countries. One of the main reasons for conflict is over the disputed regions of Jammu and Kashmir and the main concern is that the conflict does not seem to end, not even after all the wars."
Abstract This paper takes a look at conflict management. The paper defines conflict management as a difference in view or opinion or the variance in choices that can occur between two or more people. The paper discusses how conflict in the workplace can be detrimental, with dire consequences. The paper further discusses how the art of conflict management is essentially the ability to consistently turn conflict situations into opportunities for development and growth.
Outline:
Introduction
What is Conflict and Conflict Management?
Some Central Causes of Conflict in the Workplace
Brief Overview of Theoretical Perspectives
Why is Conflict Management Important?
Managing Conflict Conclusion
From the Paper "This aspect would also be beneficial when dealing with a difficult customer or staff member. Through listening and being attentive the to nuances of what is being said, aspects and areas of concern may be revealed which can be used to defuse the conflict situation. Listening also tends to prevent an unthinking over-reaction to the situation. This method is very simple but they also can have a profound effect on a difficult client or staff member. In effect not reacting in a provocative and hostile way may reduce the other party's hostility and make him or her calmer and more amenable to discussion. "
Abstract This article looks at the belief that religious conflicts are more difficult to resolve non-violently than many other types of conflicts, because people cling dogmatically to their religious beliefs and are seldom willing to compromise them. The writer conveys this opinion by offering a number of historical examples, such as the Crusades and the Reformation. The paper then offers a couple of present examples, such as the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the Muslim-Christian conflict in the Sudan. Through these examples an unwillingness to compromise is demonstrated, showing that resolving religious conflicts non-violently is more difficult than resolving many other types of conflict.
From the Paper "The writer believes that religious conflicts are more difficult to resolve non-violently than many other types of conflicts, because many people cling dogmatically to their beliefs and are seldom willing to compromise. The most noteworthy of these religious conflicts spanned four-hundred years from the eleventh to the fifteenth century and were known as the Crusades. The Crusades were expeditions undertaken in fulfillment of a solemn vow to deliver the Christian Holy Places from Mohammedan tyranny. This conflict resulted in open and sporadic warfare that ended without a ... "
Abstract This paper discusses conflict as something we normally consider in negative terms, but it is in fact neutral and can actually be beneficial. The paper defines conflict management as the process that begins when one party perceives that the other party has negatively affected, or is about to negatively affect, something that he or she cares about. The paper then discusses how conflict management or conflict resolution refers to various strategies which can be used either by organizations or by individuals to deal with and resolve conflict.
Abstract This paper considers conflicts of interest and their impact on organizational discourse. Specifically, this research examines the way conflicts of interest impact business decision making and how these issues can be reconciled to create improved outcomes for the organization. Through a careful review of what has been noted about managing conflicts of interest, it will be possible not only to garner a better understanding of the challenges created in this situation, but also to evaluate the potential improvements that can be achieved through this process.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Conflicts of Interest: Definition and Scope
Managing Conflicts of Interest
Policies and Practices
Mathematical/Contingency Modeling
Benefits of Managing Conflicts of Interest
Summary/Recommendations/Conclusions
From the Paper "The final issue addressed in the context of this investigation was the benefits of conflict in the organization. Even though conflicts of interest clearly create notable challenges for decision making and action, the reality is that these conflicts also bring to light deficiencies in the organization that can improve outcomes for operations. By being aware of the issues and further using the issue to help the organization grow and develop, managers can set a positive example for addressing ethical issues and further provide employees with vital information which could facilitate their decision making in the future."
Abstract The current situation in the Middle East is one of conflict, but nowhere is the conflict more consolidated than between Palestine and Israel. During the past two years, a state of tension that has existed for centuries has erupted in new violence, and the conflict that has manifest therein is only becoming worse. In the quest to better prevent future damage, it is absolutely necessary both to explore the history that has created the conflict and to examine its current state. This paper explores the numerous factors that have contributed to the present state of the conflict between Palestine and Israel in order to assess the potential future therein.
This paper examines the cause and effect of conflicting problems within a particular work group while also presenting solutions and strategies for conflict resolution.
Abstract This paper focuses on the dynamics of a departmental work group which was created to manage daily operations within a specific working environment. This paper examines the initial goals of the group as well as the instances and reasons for severe issues of conflict within the group. The writer of this paper discusses the various strategies and processes the group must implement in order to resolve the issues of conflict to once again become an effective and productive team. This paper lists the various acceptable and non-acceptable behaviors within a group environment. The writer contends and explains why it's imperative that there be an effective leader that is capable of guiding and leading his or her team to resolve issues of conflict which ultimately impede on the productivity of the entire group. This paper also examines the effectiveness of the 'storming' process in resolving conflict. The storming process addresses the lack of leadership and/or cohesiveness within the group. The storming process allows for members of the group to aspire for higher positioning or for a leadership role within the group while at the same time rejecting the current self-assigned leader.
From the Paper "One of the major problems with the team is that the main focus for many members is based on jockeying for position, rather than on achieving the goals of the team. It must be noted that for a team to be effective, members must be aligned and focused on achieving team goals together, not on achieving individual goals. This is not occurring. I believe that a major reason for this is based on the fact that members are viewing the work group as an opportunity to be noticed by the manager and achieve individual success. In saying this, it must be noted that the work group is the first opportunity many members have had to contribute to the department. This means that members are viewing the work group as an opportunity to contribute more to the department."
Tags: applied, practice, conflict, group, workplace, human, resources, leader, team
