Abstract
This paper examines the philosophical outlooks of Immanuel Kant and David Hume, with the author concluding that Kant's perspective is preferable. Kant's opinion on how one gains knowledge is contrasted with Hume's. Both perspectives on the contribution of experience to knowledge and the role of the "self" and a personal "world" are also considered.

Outline:
Introduction
Exposition
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In his principal book entitled, "The Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals," Kant explains why only the categorical imperative is the valid standard of moral obligation (Abbott 2006, Richards 2006, McCormick 2006). He limits his discussion to specific willful actions in moral situations or conditions, where the will is, or should be, influenced only by reason or rational considerations, rather than by subjective or emotional considerations, such as laziness, convenience, or advantage . He writes that morality involves what actions are necessary and that concept comes only from reason or rational considerations. These rational considerations must, in turn, be a "single principle of obligation (Richards)." It must also be stated as a command and has no reference to, or weighed against, the consequences of the action. Kant then says that only the categorical imperative fulfills all these conditions (Richards, Abbott, McCormick)."

Tags:philosophy, Immanuel, Kant, David, Hume, knowledge, epistemology

Abstract
The paper briefly describes the life and times of Immanuel Kant and outlines the most significant aspects of his theory. In particular, Kant's famous "Three Critiques" is explored because it is in these works that he produced a philosophical school of thought that resonates to this day and stamps him as a giant in the history of psychology.

From the Paper
"As time allows, the following paper will briefly describe the life and times of Immanuel Kant and outline the most significant aspects of his theory. In particular, Kant's famous "Three Critiques" will be explored because it is in these works that he produced a philosophical school of thought that resonates to this day. Immanuel Kant was born in Konigsberg in what was, at the time, the eastern part of Prussia. According to one online source, his father was a respected saddler (though a poor one) and he (Immanuel, that is) grew up in a home that was distinguished by strict pietistic Protestantism. By all..."

Tags:psychology, immanuel, kant

Abstract
The paper discusses how Immanuel Kant rejected the validity of moral luck arguments because of the wide range of external influences he identified as he contemplated the issue of moral luck. The paper explains that upon close examination and analysis of these external influences, Kant concluded that they undermine moral assessment just as conclusively as it is undermined by the familiar excusing conditions which have often been cited by various philosophers engaging in moral luck arguments.

From the Paper
"Immanuel Kant rejected the validity of moral luck arguments because of the wide range of external influences he identified as he contemplated the issue of moral luck. Upon close examination and analysis of these external influences, Kant concluded that they undermine moral assessment just as conclusively as it is undermined by the familiar excusing conditions which have often been cited by various philosophers engaging in moral luck arguments."

Tags:kant, moral, luck

Abstract
This paper compares the ideas and theories of John Stuart Mill and Immanuel Kant concerning morals. The paper compares their views on moral concerns necessary for ethical decisions and moral perceptions of higher and lower pleasures. The paper also examines and discusses differences between the two philosophers regarding moral judgment and decisions and contends that Kant's moral system is more complete.

From the Paper
"Any truly complete ethics must address a number of concerns. These concerns include moral perception, moral choice, moral judgment, moral justification and moral systems. While a number of theorists have addressed these aspects of ethics, the ideas and theories advanced by Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill seem to offer the most complete and affirmative approaches to these concerns. For any ethics to exist there must be some type of moral perception present in individuals and in entire societies. John Stuart Mill found that almost all..."

Tags:morals, philosophy, John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant

Abstract
This essay discusses philosopher Immanuel Kant's approach to the Enlightenment as presented in his work, "What is Enlightenment". The author of the paper addresses the following questions: Why did Kant choose to address the Enlightenment as he did? Is his approach as narrow as it seems to be? What exactly was the Enlightenment? Was it arborescent or rhizomatic? Depending on how it is defined, what approach should be taken to this phenomenon?

From the Paper
"The Enlightenment is an enigma in that it represents an abrupt transition from the thought of the preceding period with a subsequent transformation of all social and cultural institutions. Yet, Kant treats the Enlightenment by using an apparently very narrow focus which leads to numerous problems. "

Tags:kant, foucault, approach

Abstract
This paper discusses the concepts of the hypothetical imperative and the categorical imperative in Immanuel Kant's "Grounding for the Metaphysics".

From the Paper
"The purpose of this essay is to examine Immanuel Kant's concept known as the determinate ground of any action, i.e. motive or maxim which is always presented in the form of a principle. Kant argued that everything in nature works according to laws, that the will is practical reason and that the determination of the will with respect to reason is necessary. In identifying principles on which action can be grounded, Kant distinguished between hypothetical and categorical..."

Tags:Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics

Abstract
This is a critical analysis of the ethics of Kant and Aristotle.

Tags:immanuel, kant, aristotle

Abstract
This paper discusses Immanuel Kant's ideas about space and time, showing how they flowed from Newton and then developed as a mental construct more than a description of any reality. The paper shows that these ideas were bound with Kant's ideas about human consciousness and the relationship between perceptions and reality, human thought and the material world, as part of Kant's theory of knowledge.

From the Paper
"Immanuel Kant is best known as a moral philosopher, though his writings address many other issues and include an ontological discussion of questions about space, time, and the relationship of man to God. Such questions are closely bound with Kant's ideas about human consciousness and the relationship between perceptions and reality, human thought and the material world. Moral philosophy is also known as ethics and consists of the study of certain values which help determine human behavior. Different theorists take different approaches to the issue. An interesting and complex approach is offered by Immanuel Kant. Bernard Williams notes that Kant relies on some ideas which are not shared by other modern theorists, "in particular that a commitment to the basic principle of morality (the so-called `Categorical Imperative') is presupposed by the very activity of a rational agent" (Williams 555)."

Tags:kant, space, time

Abstract
While Thomas Hobbes and Immanuel Kant present radically distinct perspectives upon our individual relationships with the larger polity of which we are components, it may be argued that both are wrestling with the same issues: social order; morality; and law. This essay will attempt to explore the similarities and differences in these philosophers' analyses of human society, its laws, and the degree to which humans are subject to imperatives beyond themselves. As will be seen, while Kant approaches from these issues from a reasoned perspective, Hobbes approaches them from the basis of what would be ultimately more practical in terms of our knowledge of human experience and human nature. However, as will be argued, Hobbes' approach is the more persuasive of the two given its grounding in self-interest and incentive as opposed to assumptions of human rationality.

From the Paper
Topic Two: Hobbes and Kant on Laws and Legislators While Thomas Hobbes and Immanuel Kant present radically distinct perspectives upon our individual relationships with the larger polity of which we are components, it may be argued that both are wrestling with the same issues: social order; morality; and law. This essay will attempt to explore the similarities and differences in these philosophers' analyses of human society, its laws, and the degree to which humans are subject to imperatives beyond themselves. As will be seen, while Kant approaches from these issues from a reasoned perspective, Hobbes approaches them from the basis of what would be ultimately more practical in terms of our knowledge

Tags:hobbes, kant, incentive

Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts the theory of subjectivity in Immanuel Kant's "Critique of Judgment" and Wolfgang Iser's "Interaction Between Text and Reader." The paper discusses the cultural context in which each theory surfaced and how Kant's and Iser's concepts and theories can be made operational.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to compare and contrast the role of the subject and subjectivity for aesthetic reception and or production in Immanuel Kant's "Critique of Judgment" and in Wolfgang Iser's "Interaction Between Text and Reader." The research will set forth the cultural context in which each theory surfaces and the manner in which each commentator defines relevant terms and then discuss how their concepts and theories can be made operational in selected texts and thereby contribute to understanding and clarification of them."

Tags:Immanuel, Kant, Wolfgang, Iser, Ford, Madox, Ford, Jane, Austen