Abstract
This paper explains that the Indian Central Government Health Scheme was launched in 1954 with a dual purpose of providing a comprehensive medical care facility to the Central Government employees and pensioners including their families and to do away with the cumbersome system of medical reimbursement; however, the purposes for which the scheme was launched appear to have been lost given the introduction of private medical care. The author investigated 364 cases, as a random sample from the Postal & RMS (Railway Mail Service), located in the NCR of Delhi and the city of Bangalore, by analyzing the financial implications of treatment at various types of hospitals: Government (GOV), Private Recognized (RP) and Private Unrecognized (UP) hospitals under the CGHS scheme. The paper reports that the percentage satisfaction level for IP treatment in private hospitals is greater than the government hospitals and investigates extensively possible private insurance schemes involving the government. Many tables and charts.

Table of Contents
Research Objectives
A Brief Overview of Functioning of CGHS
Recognition of Private Hospitals by CGHS
Facilities Provided to Serving Employees and their families
Facilities Provided to Central Government Pensioners
Other Facilities in Non-emergency Cases
Emergency Care
Rates of Subscription and Recoveries
Findings
Quantitative Data
Treatment in Different Categories of Hospitals
The Claim Spread
Out-of-Pocket Expenses based on Hospital Types.
Out-of-Pocket Expenses based on Disease Types
In-Patient and Outpatient Treatment: Delhi V/S Bangalore
Comparative Cost of Treatment
Budgetary Allocation, Expenditure and Cost of Treatment-Scheme-Level
Outpatient Cost of Card (Pensioners Included)
Inpatient Cost of Pensioner Card
Average Total Cost of Card for Pensioners
Average Total Cost of Card: Serving Employees
Welfare of Employees and Subsidy-Scheme Level
Implications for the Central Government Health Scheme
Employee Benefit-Case of DOP
Qualitative
ICICI Lombard
Mediclaim or Hospitalization Benefit Insurance Policy
Abbreviations

From the Paper
"Budgetary allocation to CGHS scheme is made every year under various heads based on projected requirements of the CGHS dispensaries. There is no analysis of performance of the dispensary or review of utilization of funds while making fresh allotment of funds. Their utilization neither is monitored nor is any expenditure-benefit analysis carried out. Although the scheme was introduced with welfare angle, it is no denying the fact that the money allocated to the dispensaries should be properly utilized and the benefits should overweigh the expenditure. In the present practice, there is no monitoring mechanism to ensure efficient utilization of funds by the dispensaries, one of the reasons for the same being non-maintenance of financial/cost records properly."

Tags:employees, insurance, expenditure-benefit, hospitals, private

Abstract
The following memo is a brief overview of our company - an overview accompanied by an evaluation of a country (Brazil) that decision-makers at Redship Technologies right here in quiet Des Moines, Iowa, might wish to consider as a market for the organization's computer support services. As time permits, I will describe Brazil and why it is a desirable market and I will also look at the nation's legal and political systems. In the end, I believe Brazil provides an excellent opportunity we cannot let pass.

From the Paper
Redship Technologies and Brazil: Building a Business Bridge to South America's Giant Dear Mr. Shipton: The following memo is a brief overview of our company - an overview accompanied by an evaluation of a country (Brazil) that decision-makers at Redship Technologies right here in quiet Des Moines, Iowa, might wish to consider as a market for the organization's computer support services. As time permits, I will describe Brazil and why it is a desirable market and I will also look at the nation's legal and political systems. In the end, I believe Brazil provides an excellent opportunity we cannot let pass.

Tags:brazil, redship, technologies

Abstract
The paper examines Jean de Lery's "History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil" that was published in 1578, and is regarded as one of the great works of early ethnography. The paper explains that Lery was writing from a particular point of view, that of a French Huguenot, who was living in a time of religious strife in France. The paper relates that he had trained for the ministry, and in 1556 he and thirteen other Calvinists went to Brazil, at the invitation of Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon, a Catholic who was trying to start a French colony in Brazil.

From the Paper
"Jean de Lery's "History of a Voyage to the Land of Brazil" was published in 1578, and is regarded as one of the great works of early ethnography. As with all other ethnographers, Lery was writing from a particular point of view. In his case, it was that of a French Huguenot, who was living in a time of religious strife in France. He had trained for the ministry, and in 1556 he and thirteen other Calvinists went to Brazil, at the invitation of Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon, a Catholic who was trying to start a French colony in Brazil. After a four month trip by sea, as well as a long voyage by land, Lery's party arrived. Villegagnon greeted them..."

Tags:brazil, lery, history

Abstract
The 1960s in Brazil were revolutionary times. However, most of this progress halted under a new dictatorship. In 1964, a right wing military coup took control of Brazil, bringing with it an extreme level of censorship of both artists and intellectuals. This paper outlines the effect this dictatorship had on Brazil's contemporary art movement.

From the Paper
"At the end of 1968, the Institutional Act #5 was set in place. This act gave the president dictatorial powers, dissolved Congress and state legislatures, suspended the constitution, and imposed censorship. For culture, this meant strict censorship of artistic events, and the persecution and imprisonment of intellectuals and artists. This was a very heavy blow to artists, as they had to watch their steps even more. Soon after Vladimir Herzog, a journalist accused of subversion, was murdered in prison by the military police, Cildo Meireles began creating his "Insertions into Ideological Circuits" in order to create a system for the circulation and exchange of information that did not depend on any kind of centralized control."

Tags:1960s, 5, 50, architecture, art, bossa, brasilia, brazil, capital, concrete, constructed, counterparts, democratic, economical, example, five, freedom, government, growth, intelligence, kubitschek, led, military, movement, neoconcrete, new, nova, paulo, progress, promising, rationalis

Abstract
This paper is a brief overview of the history of Brazil, with an emphasis on the racial problems that continue to plague the country, together with an examination of the social, educational, and economic problems it faces today. The study notes that in Brazil, entrenched oligarchies have resisted social change to date, and thus, the study finds little reason to expect change.

From the Paper
"Brazil is one of the great tragedies of the world. A country with great resources and potential, it has been plagued with a history marred by exploitation, racism, and dictatorship. While it has managed many remarkable accomplishments and tremendous growth in such measures as total national wealth, it remains a country plagued by such chronic inequality and social strains that it is doubtful that the country can emerged as a truly developed country without massive social dislocation. Brazil won independence from Portugal and was an empire from 1822 to 1889. Only in the closing days of the empire was slavery finally abolished."

Tags:brazil, racism, slavery

Abstract
This document discusses Brazil and the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). as this agreement is only at the proposal stages, the writer makes use of NAFTA and its impact on Mexico's economy. The benefits and the negatives of a potential FTAA are developed and several impediments to its further adoption in the region and by Brazil specifically are examined.

From the Paper
"Since the FTAA is only a proposed agreement and trade apparatus at the moment, NAFTA is used as a working model and its influence on and benefit for Mexico and that country's economy. Various trade structures and associations are briefly examined relative to the potential impact of the FTAA for Brazil and South America."

Tags:Brazil, trade

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of Spanish and Portuguese colonization on Mesoamerican culture, with an emphasis on conversion of indigenous peoples to Christianity. The author describes the native religion and lifestyle prior to the Europeans' arrival, and the subsequent results of conversion to Christianity, both positive and negative. Also described is the treatment toward the native peoples by the Europeans. The paper is divided into two sections, one describing the Spanish invasion and the other the Portuguese conquest of Brazil. The author concludes that the effort by Portuguese Christians to convert native Brazilians - by force or otherwise - to Christianity was far less successful than tactics used by Spaniards in Mexico.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
The arrival of the Spaniards into Mesoamerican Mexico
Things did not go well for the Spaniards in 1680s and 1690s
Jesuit priest Father Tomas Miranda raged at the cruel treatment of the Seri
Portugal and the Colonization of Brazil
Works Cited

From the Paper
"And because the Roman Catholic leadership in Spain saw the natives as part of a prophecy, a gift from Lord to enrich their Spanish culture, the Franciscan missionaries, the first priests in Mexico, used "indoctrination" as a term rather than "evangelization." The Spaniards reportedly believed that since God had placed these Native Americans on Mexican soil for the enhancement of Spanish culture and religion, that the natives merely needed the facts of Christianity (Roman Catholicism), not the full litany of evangelization. The Spaniards were wrong, of course, and they found themselves in the midst of a myriad of troubling situations they could not possibly have predicted."

Tags:Christianity, conversion, native, peoples, Mexico, Brazil, Spain, Portugal

Abstract
This paper examines the potential impact of a Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) agreement upon Brazil by looking more closely at the impact of NAFTA upon Mexico. In particular, the paper looks at worker conditions in Mexico, the heavy reliance of Mexico upon maquiladoras and the US economy, the disruptive impact of free trade upon many of Mexico's prime industries (chiefly agriculture) and the implications of free trade for the long-term viability of Mexico's present education system. Lastly, the paper also explores what the free trade environment has meant for that "other" environment - Mexico's fragile ecology. References to Brazil are interspersed throughout and the paper ends by suggesting that the country should hold off signing onto any free trade package unless it wishes to suffer a fate similar to Mexico's.

Tags:mexico, brazil, trade

Abstract
This paper discusses Brazil's socioeconomic structure that was founded on slavery. During the colonial period from 1550 to 1880, rapid growth of the Brazilian economy occurred because of the convergence of several factors. The sugar industry was synonymous with the early economy.

Tags:brazil's, socioeconomic, structures

Abstract
A paper comparing and contrasting the colonization of Brazil, Indonesia and Kenya. Several historical accounts in books are used as well as some journal articles for background information. The paper focuses on the assimilation of the colonists into new lands.

Tags:colonization, brazil