Abstract The paper states that the topic of recovered memories and false memories with respect to childhood sexualabuse is closely connected to memory issues of amnesia and delayed recall. The paper comments that although it is impossible to determine exactly how common amnesia and delayed recall are in cases of child sexualabuse, research does indicate that both phenomena occur with respect to child sexualabuse. The paper suggests that one explanation for why it does not occur, may be related to the types of abuse experience, in that repeated abuse may be more likely to cause amnesia or delayed recall.
Outline:
Introduction
Research concerning child sexualabuse and amnesia
Disagreement of the literature
Amnesia
Delayed Recall
Prevalence
- problems with determining prevalence
Suggested Explanations
- Type of Trauma
Conclusion
From the Paper "The literature is also somewhat convoluted on the subject, as some researchers find traumatic events are encoded in more detail than non traumatic events, while others find that traumatic events are forgotten altogether. Such is the case when amnesia occurs. Amnesia refers to a loss of memory, most often of declarative memory as opposed to procedural memory (how to tie your shoe laces) (Colman, 2003). Although vivid intrusions of traumatic images and sensations are some of the most dramatic expressions of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), a disorder commonly associated with childhood sexual abuse, the loss of recollections for traumatic experiences is also well documented. Research suggests that for some victims of trauma, having no recall of the abuse is based on more than just ordinary forgetting associated with the passage of time, their young age at the time of trauma, or lack of salience of the traumatic event"
Abstract This paper looks at the increased reports of sexualabuse within the Catholic Church. The writer points out that only recently has the Church needed to answer for itself and take a stand due to the high level of reported cases. An examination of the Church's response is given which follows criticism of their reaction.
From the Paper "The Catholic Church has been rocked recently by allegations of sexual abuses"especially against children. The problem is not isolated but all pervading. The cases of child, sexual abuses are about the same percentage as the general population. Most of the cases are not, in the strictest sense pedophilic"sex with pre-pubescent children, but ephebophilia?abuse of adolescent children. In a comprehensive study of 2,252 priests for 30 years, only one case of pedophilia was found. It involved a priest with two six year-old nieces. Between 5 and 10 percent of priests were pederasts (ephebophiles). (Jenkins, 1996)"
Abstract This paper takes a look at sexualabuse. According to the paper, studies have suggested that one in three girls in the United States will experience some form of sexualabuse by the age of eighteen. The paper discusses how the aftermath of childhood sexualabuse can lead to mental illness, binge eating disorders and substance abuse.
From the Paper "Another self-harm behavior also frequently found in adult survivors of CSA is substance abuse. Often survivors will turn to alcohol or drugs as a way to escape the emotional pain or trauma associated with the abuse they suffered as a child. The survivor looks at their substance use as a way to control their feelings over the abuse. They feel an actual sense of control over the situation. In all actuality, as seen with self-mutilation, it is only a false sense of empowerment felt and is actually another form of revictimization (Slater et al., 2003)."
"Once involved with drugs or alcohol as a coping mechanism, life for a survivor can quickly spin out of control. Becoming dependent on alcohol or drugs is dangerous for anyone, but for victims of CSA the risk is even greater due to the false sense of empowerment that they gain. By engulfing themselves in substance abuse, they can create a fantasy world of safety, security, and control in their life (Slater et al., 2003)."
Abstract This paper discusses the incidence, prevalence and effects of child sexualabuse, including statistical data on child victimization rates. The paper focuses on PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) as an effect of sexualabuse. The paper presents a number of cognitive-behavioral social work interventions and treatment for sexuallyabused adolescents suffering from PTSD. The paper concludes with a comparison between the benefits of individualized versus group therapy.
Abstract This paper explore approaches used by child services and social services' regarding child abuse and sexualabuse. Suggestions for new approaches are included.
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses different occurrences of the sexualabuse of children. Looking at different cases and interviews on film, the writer analyzes the behavior of various abusers. The writer maintains that according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which classifies and describes mental disorders, pedophilia is a behavior that is associated with loners and low self-esteem. The writer concludes that these people are not from some other planet, but that society has produced them. The writer argues that now society must learn to deal with such abusers in a way that truly protects the children.
From the Paper "In the film 'Monsters Among Us', two incarcerated sex offenders are interviewed and they talk about their own childhoods and their difficult-to-control sexual impulses. Westley Dodd and Joel, for example, developed pedophile disorders early during the teenage years. Joel described being beaten by his stepfather on a regular basis. Physically abused boys often grow up to be aggressive, particularly toward women. Hurting women is a way to control them. Boys who are physically and sexually abused may grow up to be sadistic pedophiles like Joel. Joel's appointed psychologist said he is likely to commit predatory sex offences in the future. Imprisonment is not going to solve his problem. Those sex offenders who get out of jail say that the urge to rape is still with them and still difficult to control."
Abstract This paper presents an examination of a theory that the gender of the perpetrator has a different impact on male and female police officers' perceptions of child sexualabuse. According to the paper, a recent study provided evidence and validity to this theory that police officers, both male and female, view the seriousness of child sexualabuse differently depending on the gender of the perpetrator.
Outline:
Introduction
The Study
Conclusion
From the Paper "The study set out to examine the attitude differences in female and male police officers when it came to investigating child sexual abuse. The study wanted to explore whether men and women officers felt differently about the seriousness of the crime depending on the gender of the person accused of doing it."
"Researchers chose 361 police officers in Australia to be participants in the study. The study used a self reporting questionnaire for the purpose of ascertaining the attitudes of those officers when it came to investigating male and female suspects in child sexual abuse cases(Tyson, 2004). "
Abstract In this article the writer discusses that the work 'Counseling Survivors of SexualAbuse' authored by Diane M. Langberg is a powerful, daring and effective book. The writer presents her personal reaction to the treatment of sexualabuse and notes that the book opened her eyes to what treatments are used to assist an abuser and what foundations are used to get over the abuse. The writer concludes with a very favorable impression of Dr. Langberg's passion to aide, assist and help the survivors that have been sexuallyabused, especially in the theological framework of people that have been traumatized.
From the Paper "Another eye opener is the fact that Dr. Langberg encourages survivors to write out Isaiah 53, which should assist with brining God closer into their lives since Jesus suffered on the cross and was resurrected.
"It seems that there are various factors that affect a child's reaction to abuse to include how the child perceives the abuser and distinctive things associated from the assault. Dr. Langberg observed and counseled symptomatic and asymptomatic victims; as part of treatment methods, reunification issues and cognitive therapy along with nondirective support therapy. Dr. Langberg uses individual therapy as opposed to group therapy."
Abstract This study critically examines the subject of play therapy. Results of this analysis determine the strengths and weaknesses of play therapy and the outcome of its use for treatment of sexuallyabused children. These findings assist in the understanding of uses of play therapy and possible future directions that play therapy may be applied. A critical analysis of the play therapy technique, with the history of play therapy, current uses of play therapy, and treatment outcomes of play therapy, are examined.
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Statement of Purpose
Definition of Terms
Limitations of the Study
Outline of the Central Chapter
Introduction
History of Play Therapy
Counseling Children With Play
Play Therapy Defined
Uses of Play Therapy
Psychiatric Disorders
Neurological/Medical
Outcomes of Play Therapy for SexuallyAbused Children
Recommendation of Play Therapy for SexuallyAbused Children
Working Bibliography
From the Paper "Counseling children brings with it challenges that are unique and techniques are needed that are applicable to the needs of children (Erdman & Lampe, 1996, p. 374). Children are different from adults cognitively, emotionally, physically, and psychologically. They may lack abstract reasoning, may be egocentric, and establishment of rapport may take longer. Limited verbal skills may demand that the self be expressed through techniques of play therapy (Erdman & Lampe, p. 376). The use of play therapy has been documented as early as 1919, when H. von Hug-Hellmeth used play to analyze a child by translating her observations of a child at play into symbols designed to detect hostile and sexual wishes toward the child's parents (Guerney, 1984, p. 291). Play therapy has been used with many types of disorders, including psychiatric, and medical. An example of a psychiatric disorder treated with play therapy is posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Miller, 1999). Nondirective play therapy has also been described as a preferred treatment for dissociative children (Cohen, 1999). Borrego, Urquiza, Rasmussen, and Zebell (1999) point out the importance of play therapy techniques for the promotion of a positive relationship between parents and children. There are many reported uses of play therapy in a medical setting, Billig and Weaver (1996) report the case of doll therapy used to help a child cope with limb loss. Pressdee, May, Eastman, and Grier (1997) report positive effects of play therapy to help young children become prepared for MR imaging. Zimmermann and Santen (1997) further report the effective use of a doll or teddy bear to reach children regarding their health needs."
Abstract The paper explains how child sexualabuse is difficult to define in a clinical setting and it is not known how widely the crime occurs or how many children overall are affected. Repercussions of sexual violation of children are extremely varied in terms of impact and severity. Children who have been abused manifest symptomatic conditions that range from aggression towards peers to emotional disorders. The paper discusses how recovery from sexualabuse can be a long term process for the child and can take years or decades to accomplish even when no physical damage has occurred.
From the Paper "Child sexual abuse occurs when two or more persons participate in an act that can be described as sexual in nature and at least one of the persons is under the age of eighteen. Haugaard (2000) finds that it is extremely difficult to place an authoritative definition on child sexual abuse as many persons attach different expectations to this concept, wherein "there is no consensus about the definition of any of the words within the context of the term child sexual abuse" (p. 1037). This paper shall attempt to help clarify both the term itself and the repercussions that result from child sexual abuse. Definition of Child Sexual Abuse: The term "child sexual abuse" is ambiguous and this hampers directing research efforts to help reduce or eliminate this practice."
Abstract This work discusses the subject of child sexualabuse (CSA) and serves as a review of literature, specifically one particular piece that deals with child sexualabuse. The literature is a contemporary research article involving the reporting of CSA and work ability and functioning as an adult. The work will briefly introduce the concepts of CSA and its controversies and commonalities and will then move on to review S. J. Lee and R.M. Tolman's 2006 article "Childhood SexualAbuse and Adult Work Outcomes".
From the Paper "The development of tougher laws and responsibilities regarding the incidence of child sexual abuse has often been associated with an evolution in the ideas of the potential and real long term effects of child sexual abuse on victim survivors. (Najman, Dunne, Purdie, Boyle & Coxeter, 2005, p. 517) For many years there has been a research movement that attempted to demonstrate long lasting negative effects of CSA among adult survivors of CSA, to both underscore and under gird the need for tougher laws, greater enforcement and increased responsibility for reporting among professionals. In general the law has begun to demonstrate a zero tolerance policy regarding CSA and has increased and leveled out the sentencing of convicted offenders, through minimum mandatory sentencing. (Cassell, 2004, p. 1017) Changes in public opinion regarding CSA have had a significant impact on incidence reporting which in all accords has increased, creating a sense that incidence has increased substantially in the last 30 or so years. The claim that CSA has increased in incidence is therefore an unknown element of modern life, as we do not know if it has increased, decreased or leveled out at a norm, as reporting has spiked incidence to relatively epidemic like levels. (Bolen, 2003, p. 174) What we do know is that reports are increasing in number and that CSA occurs and it occurs frequently."
Abstract This paper discusses the most extreme form of child sexualabuse, child prostitution. The author provides statistics on child prostitutes in various countries around the world and discusses the possible reasons that might result in a child turning to prostitution. The paper sees child prostitution as part of a larger social problem, which is the inability to take care of and provide for children. The author also discusses problems and hardships such as the spread of diseases and physical abuse faced by children in this trade.
From the Paper "Child sexual abuse is a serious concern, but most people who think about it think only of parents or relatively molesting children, or a child being kidnapped and molested here in the United States. These are terrible things to have happen to children, but there are worse problems, and one of them is an extreme form of child abuse - child prostitution. While child prostitution is not something Americans hear about very often, it is a crime, a tragedy, and a serious problem; especially in other countries that do not have the same beliefs that most Americans do. Child prostitution can involve anyone under the age of 18, but most child prostitutes are much younger. Some are as young as 7 and 8 years old."
Tags:sexual exploitation, venereal diseases, brothels crime AIDS
Abstract A paper on the topic of ethics and laws concerning the problem of sexualabuse of children in the Catholic church. The paper explores the fact that there has been a lot of media discussing this topic in recent discussions.
Abstract This program addresses the the issues of violence and sexualabuse prevention in low income, high-risk communities. It is innovative because it focuses on three primary groups, the teachers, student and parents only. Traditionally programs of this nature would include schools officials and other community entities. However, this program targets the groups that are most critical in relation to receiving knowledge relating to these issues. Furthermore, the program is extensive in that it functions in relation to these groups for a three-year period, rather than attempt to initiate changes and then disappear from the community. Education of the affected groups is significant within the model, which will allow a measurement of the program progress over the duration of the model.
Abstract This paper examines the subject of judicialdiscretion, specifically as it was applied by the United States Supreme Court in "Tome v. United States, 513 U.S. 150 (1995)". In that case, a majority of the court ruled that reports of prior consistent statements made by the victim of sexual assault were inadmissible unless they occurred prior to any incident drawing the victim's credibility into question. The paper contends that the dissent in Tome presented a more reasonable position, giving the trial judge more discretion in admitting evidence of this sort. To conclude, the paper notes that the states have not invariably followed Tome.
From the Paper "In Tome v. United States, 513 U.S. 150 (1995), the Supreme Court considered a case which turned on an issue of judicial discretion. Matthew Tome was charged and convicted of felony sexual abuse of a child, his daughter who was four years old when the abuse occurred. Tome had primary custody of the child, A.T., during the 1989-90 school year; Tome's wife had custody during the summer of 1990. In August, the mother contacted police, alleging that A.T. had been sexually abused. The prosecution alleged that A.T. had been abused during the school year; the defense contended that the story was concocted to prevent Tome from retaining custody. (The matter was tried in federal rather than state court because the abuse allegedly occurred on a Navajo reservation.) (513 U.S. at 152)."
