Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the issue of judicial discretion in relation to the media has long been a source of debate. The writer points out that judges that have the power to allow media in the courtroom also have the power of impacting society, defendants' lives and the manner in which society views the judicial system. These factors are both positive and negative elements in regard to the issue; however, they also lead to one critical conclusion. The writer maintains that when one person has the ultimate authority to adversely impact anyone in society simply because he or she chooses to do so, that person has gained too much control over his or her community. This is because the determining factor in the decision is not weighed by law, nor is it guided by measured personal ethical standards - it is simply made based on an individual opinion. The writer argues that in the United States personal opinions may be allowed, but at no time should they be supported in arbitrarily harming others.

From the Paper
"Pattenden suggests, however, the when judges have the discretion of allowing media into the courtroom for reporting or television coverage there is a risk that may be too significant to overlook. This risk is that through the media coverage the defendant may be condemned before the trial is ever concluded. This is because the media has the ability not only to broadcast images to the public of the trial, but to create commentary on the proceedings as well. That commentary may not ultimately have an affect on the verdict, but it may lead to the public's determination of guilt or innocence of a person. Regardless of the verdict, therefore, that person may be subject to public scrutiny long after the trial has ended, and despite the innocence that has been determined by the jury. When the judge has the sole power to determine whether or not the media should be allowed in a trial that judge is then creating a situation for a secondary trial to exist between the defendant and the public. And it is a trial that may never end."

Tags:judicial, system, courtroom, trial

Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth examination of the controversy surrounding judicial discretion in relation to the media. The paper examines this long standing debate, which involves such issues as judges allowing media in the courtroom. Additionally, it shows the consequences of this decision, such as how it can impact the defendant's lives. Other factors with regard to judges and the media are explored, both positive and negative. The paper concludes by stating that when one person has the ultimate authority to adversely impact anyone in society simply because he or she chooses to do so, that person has gained too much control over his or her community.

From the Paper
"The issue of judicial discretion in relation to the media has long been a source of debate. Judges that have the power to allow media in the courtroom also have the power of impacting society, defendant's lives and the manner in which society views the judicial system. These factors are both positive and negative elements in regard to the issue; however, they also lead to one critical conclusion. That is that when one person has the ultimate authority to adversely impact anyone in society simply because he or she chooses to do so, that person has gained too much control over his or her community. This is because the determining factor in the decision..."

Tags:judges, media, discretion

Abstract
This paper examines the role of the media in both private and public institutions. According to this author, the press' role and influence in public policy has grown over the years. Now, in addition to reporting the news, the media has now gained access to the court system, which until recently, was not broadcast live for the public's scrutiny. The advent of Court TV, according to this paper, has irrevocably altered the conduct and in some cases, the outcome of some decisions. The cameras will remain in the courts but now there are strict guidelines, that will hopefully prevent any future abuse of the freedoms now granted the press.

From the Paper
"People " because they are busy, or do not understand that they can in fact attend meetings and trials or because they are insufficiently interested " do not participate directly in democratic institutions. However, while this is certainly unfortunate, it is also true that they do not need to participate directly because reporters will provide them with the information that they need to stay sufficiently informed about our society so that they can make appropriate choices about how to act and how to vote."

Tags:press, free, government, democracy, events, politics, court, tv, trial, courtroom, judges, restrictions, policy, ammendment, constitution, sixth, first, officials, public

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at media influences on crime and violence in the UK's black community. The writer discusses that the message coming from the media is that young black men are prospective criminals. There is an issue of crime among this group of people but it is overestimated by the media to create fear. The theories examined show different opinions on how the media influences crime among the black community in the UK and whether it affects the prevalence of crime and violence. The writer discusses that blaming the media could mean that society does not want to take responsibility and will thus not attempt to improve the issues that are the root cause of the crime among the blacks. The writer maintains that it could be fair to state that the media indeed portrays black youths negatively. However, the writer concludes that it is also fair to state that, judging by statistics and the issues highlighted herein, that the trend and the panic surrounding crime amongst black youth are justified.


Outline:
The Media and its Role
Media in the UK
Crime in black community
Lack of Father Figures and Negative Role Models
Underachievement of Black Youth in School
Social Class
Black Culture
Media and Black Crime
Moral Panic
Labeling Theory
Realist Theory
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The media is used to convey information as well as to entertain. Media plays a major role in society today. It is everywhere around us, from the shows on television, music on the radio, to books and magazines. Generally, the goal of the media is to inform, entertain and educates. The two major categories of mass media are electronic media and print media. While they overlap in certain areas, they differ mainly in the subject matter that they cover and in their methods of delivery. Research has been carried out in using both these forms to determine the impact that each one of them has on the public. Whereas print media tends to be more accurate and factual based, electronic media tends to focus on visual aids in relaying the information.
" The media has strong social and cultural influence on society, predicated upon its ability to reach an extensive audience. More often, the delivery of a message can be more important than the content of the message."

Tags:broadcasting, control, interests, social, segregation

Abstract
This paper shows how media images affect women and influences them to play a part in the Barbie Doll image. It analyzes the different effects caused by those media images and the writer concludes that until the media stops sending these messages women will continue to be affected.

From the Paper
"With the new obsessions of weight loss, plastic surgery, and Hollywood stars, women believe they are not normal unless they fit into the so-called "Barbie Doll" image. Young girls are feed body images when they pick up their first Barbie-doll. Yet, research as found that the Barbie-doll would not be able to live if she was human. Her body would be too tapered to hold less than a half of a liver and her back would be too weak to support weight the her upper body (Gerber, 2). No longer do some women base their self-worth on personality, morals, or values but having an unblemished body with designer clothing that are wore by celebrities. Women are reading magazines and watching television, which project the image of rock-hard abs, long skinny legs, and huge breast. The media influences these unattainable images for women through model ads, television commercials, and by boosting Hollywood stars as examples of how women should look. The media influences the way women consume products from the market and her mental well being also."

Tags:anorexia, Barbie, doll, body, bulemia, bulimia

Abstract
This paper discusses the Thomas Patterson book "Out of Order," which takes the mainstream media to task for how it covers modern presidential campaigns. The paper concurs with Patterson's argument that the media has taken over many of the duties formerly handled by the political parties themselves, such as judging a candidate's qualifications and bridging the gap between candidates and voters. It is also critical of both the quantity and quality of the media's coverage, arguing that the incessant coverage of the polls and other "horse race" type stories discourage voters from paying attention more carefully.

From the Paper
"In the book Out of Order, a scathing critique of the failures of the current state of media coverage of presidential campaigns, author Thomas Patterson strongly disagrees with the notion that the news media serves as an adequate mechanism to deliver election news in a manner conducive to the demands of democracy. Instead, Patterson argues that the reforms of the McGovern-Fraser Commission inadvertently changed the role that the media is expected to fulfill in elections. With the decline of political parties as a force in the nomination process, the media is no longer expected to simply fill the role of watchdog. Instead, the media is now expected to play the dual role of the party as well, establishing candidates' fitness for office, and bridging the gap between candidates and voters as the party once did."

Tags:political, institution, fundamental, goals, party, business, character, fitness, office

Abstract
This paper considers the issue of bias in the media comparing Fox News with CNN, with a focus on the coverage of Hurricane Katrina and the Judge Alito appointment to the Supreme Court.

From the Paper
"Is there bias in the news media? A general impression is that the media itself touts a liberal bias in the broadcast television and print media and a conservative bias on talk radio. The question is ..."

Tags:bias, journalism, journalism, media, fox news, cnn, Hurricane Katrina

Abstract
The case in question is a complex one, with clear differences between how it would be judged in the Canada from that of the United States. As this paper argues, under current Canadian copyright law as reflected in case law, it is likely that this act would be deemed legal in Canada. However, in the United States, the situation is rendered particularly complex for while the language of the DMCA would appear to unequivocally outlaw such copying, case law has not been so clear-cut. As this paper shows, court cases involving the Digital Millennium Copyright Act with regard to media copying are rarely brought to judgement due to the reluctance of many media copyright holders - invariably large corporations - to pursue cases with a likelihood of a precedent being established contrary to their interests.

From the Paper
"The case in question is a complex one, with clear differences between how it would be judged in the Canada from that of the United States. As this essay will argue, under current Canadian copyright law as reflected in case law, it is likely that this act would be deemed legal in Canada. However, in the United States, the situation is rendered particularly complex for while the language of the DMCA would appear to unequivocally outlaw such copying, case law has not been so clear-cut. As will be seen, court cases involving the Digital Millennium Copyright Act with regard to..."

Tags:law, computers, music

Abstract
The paper shows that lookism is a rampant problem in the workplace and indeed everywhere we go. It is just one more example of the many ugly faces of prejudice that society buys into, whether it be racism, sexism or ageism. The paper discusses the media's role in lookism, the problems faced by people who don't look as society expects them to look and what is being done to counter this serious form of prejudice.

From the Paper
"Lookism is the ugly prejudice that judges people on their physical beauty instead of their ability. This happens everywhere: in the office, on the street, in the media and in virtually every aspect of our lives. The media fully perpetuates this myth that beauty is more important than anything else, that skinny women are more beautiful than overweight women, and that beautiful skin, hair and teeth make a person better than the one that is considered plain."

Tags:overweight, employees, equal, employment, opportunity

Abstract
This paper is an in-depth examination of the key arguments in the debate currently going on in Britain over whether or not to replace its adversarial system of justice and replace it with the inquisitorial system of justice now used in the European Union. The paper begins by defining both the adversarial and inquisitorial systems of justice. It then presents arguments in support of the Inquisitorial Model including that the system promotes equality; decreases miscarriages of justice; seeks to find the truth; argues that the judges in the adversarial system are poorly trained while its judges are chosen on merit. The author then presents their arguments against the use of the Inquisitorial Model and makes the following points about the inquisitorial system including that it ignores human dignity; that it will cause false imprisonment; argues that the European Union will be allowed to prosecute British Citizens and will therefore render British Law powerless; argues that it will lead to the destruction of the Magna Carta and finally, argues that the system can be costly. The author then presents a final evaluation of the materials presented and details their own conclusions as to which system is better suited for use in Britain.

From the Paper
"Opponents of implementing the inquisitorial system argue the efficacy of the adversarial system. These opponents note that there are clear advantages to the current British system which include. The right of Habeas Corpus (that the accused must be taken to a public court within a very short period of time, usually 24 hours, and the accusers must produce their evidence then and there. The right to Trial by Jury at which jurors can in fact even disregard the law if they think it would give an unjust conviction. The jurors are thus 'sovereign'. If found innocent, the accused cannot be tried again on the same charge. (Corpus Juris and the Effect on British Common Law Rights)"

Tags:magna, carta, britain, european, union, adversarial, justice, criminal, evidence, countries, judge, procedure, evidence, parties, language, communities, power, role, miscarriages, wealthy, misdirection, trial, senstational, media, truth, falsification, merit, dignity, human, victims