Abstract This paper comes to prove that Jehovah's Witness is a cult. It offers a definition of what a cult is, and continues to explore the history and beliefs of the Jehovah's Witness following and how is distorts the essential doctrines of Christianity. In conclusion, the author discusses the danger of cults and the responsibility of the church to discredit them.
Introduction
History of JehovahWitness JehovahWitness Beliefs
Distortion in this Cult
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Jehovah's Witnesses deem themselves to be Christians because they believe they are serving the true and living God. Like many cults, they think they are the only true church on earth. Yet, they reject the Trinity, the deity of Christ, the personhood of the Holy Spirit, Jesus' physical resurrection, and salvation by grace through faith. The Jehovah's Witnesses are dispirited from looking into Jehovah's Witness history or old Watchtower literature which is replete with contradictions, altered doctrines, and false prophecies. Instead, they are instruct repeatedly against basic Christian doctrines (Trinity, deity of Christ, etc) and into the notion that they alone are the true servants of God and that all others are either in "Christendom" or simply unbelievers. Primarily, the Jehovah's Witness organization is a mind control organization that uses its people to pass out literature and send in "donations" to the headquarters in Brooklyn, New York."
Abstract Culture is one of the defining concepts of nursing and is becoming more of an issue as demographics and population shift in the United States. If nurses are to provide truly holistic care, they must be prepared to cross the cultural divide and care for patients in the manner that they prefer. Understanding that there is vast diversity within every cultural group, nurses must rise above the stereotypes of any particular culture. Cultural and spiritual assessment is an important step towards providing safe, effective care with optimal outcomes. This paper discusses this point of view through the case study of a Cuban Jehovah's Witness.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Cultural Assessment
Client History/Overview
Communications
Family Roles and Organization
Biocultural Ecology
High-Risk Behaviors
Nutrition
Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices
Death Rituals
Health Care Practices
Health Care Practitioners
Spiritual Assessment
F: Faith or Beliefs
I: Importance and Influence
C: Community
A: Address/Application
Summary
From the Paper " Rice and beans provide the staple of the diet at home. It is customary for them to have bread at every meal. Salads are rarely served. Yucca and fried plantains are served with meals at least three times per week. In order for her to feel cared for, IH would desire a visit from the dietician. She does not really like vegetables and prefers her meals to be mostly carbohydrates. IH purchases and prepares all of the meals for her family. Cooking is not considered the males role. They do eat at restaurants occasionally on the weekends. Restaurant food choices include Mexican, Italian, and Chinese. They abstain from foods containing blood, which results in a predominately vegetarian diet. Fish is acceptable. Her dietary patterns would be highly considered in her care planning. She would be offended if she was served the traditional regular hospital breakfast of bacon and eggs."
Tags: nursing demographics america, case study, stereotypes outcomes
Abstract This paper examines the group known as Jehovah's Witnesses. The paper describes the history and purpose of the group, as well as the steps involved in becoming a member. The paper also presents a summary of an interview with Pam, a Jehovah's Witness, about her religious beliefs and the church itself. In addition, the paper briefly compares Jehovah's Witnesses to Christianity.
From the Paper "Although both the Jehovah's and Christians share the commonality of believing God and his teachings through the bible, there are many fundamental doctrinal differences between the two religions. These doctrinal differences may be what separates their popularity among the vast majority of religious believers within the world. Christianity's much more passive belief attracts a very diverse audience because it does not require the life changing habits that the Jehovah's demand within their worship. Despite their difference however, both Christians and Jehovah's believe in spreading the Word of God to others through the teachings of the bible. Their commitment to sharing the Word of God is considered by all to be an invaluable service to the spiritual community. Ultimately both of these religions use the word of God to bring people closer and to develop a greater understanding of religion, therefore they serve similar purposes in helping to spread the word of God. While their teachings have seen a severe backlash from many different governments and societies because of their neutrality during political conflicts, Jehovah's are responsible for bringing religious tolerance to many different countries around the world. Many of Jehovah's Witnesses humble and conservative demeanors attract naysayer and negative attention on their unwillingness to cohesively transition into communities and societies; however they are admired for the spirituality and their devotion to their religion. In today's world religious tolerance has allowed Jehovah's to coexist within almost all countries in the world."
Abstract This paper discusses the The Witness Security Program (WITSEC) which was created in the 1970s to protect, relocate, and provide new identities to witnesses of dangerous crimes. It examines how witness protection is one of the most useful and effective law enforcement tools that can be used in the fight against crime and in particular organized crime. It provides a definition of who is eligible for protection and the requirements to enter the program.
Outline:
History of Organized Crime in the U.S. (1850-1950)
History of Organized Crime in the U.S. (1950-Present)
The Witness Protection Program
Eligibility and Requirements for Induction into the Witness Protection Program
Witness Protection Programs in the World
Successes of the Witness Protection Program
The Downside of the Witness Protection Program
Conclusion
From the Paper "Many countries around the world have a witness protection program. In most cases, the witnesses are for drug, International Criminal Tribunal cases and criminal related charges. United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands are some of the countries that have a witness protection program. The United States, Canada and Australia have legislature for formal protection programs and dedicated officials who are involved in the program. In the United Kingdom, however, the local police are charged with the protection of the witnesses. The police rely on trained officers to provide witness ad hoc support. In Germany, there are no specific legal provisions to protect witnesses against organized crime."
Abstract This paper examines one of the most fundamental issues associated with criminal trials for murder, the so-called insanity plea and the rhetorical necessity of reliance upon expert witnesses for the determination of the validity of such a defense. The paper discusses the on-going argument, within and without the legal community, of whether expert witness testimony or input is ethically acceptable, given the severity of the crime of murder. The paper contends that society is clearly divided on the subject, as the ethical right of the defendant to a fair defense, whatever his or her motivation for the alleged crime, must be balanced with the need of the judicial system to strike hard against violent criminals to protect society from future violent acts.
From the Paper "Those in favor of psychological defense information and those against it have come together to make clear that the historical abuses of such testimony are not the intent of the judicial system and require serious review. The nature of the responsibility of both defense and prosecution make clear that the issues at hand are extremely important and must be clearly defined, and much less subjective in admission.
Experts in both defense and prosecution, as well as sociologists, educators and the expert witnesses themselves have called into question the level of influence such expert witness testimony has on the outcome of litigation."
Abstract This paper discusses the various roles of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). It specifically focuses on the FBI witness protection program. The paper discusses some previous cases and then looks at how the FBI decides who is given immunity and protection and whether these decisions are being made properly or even should be made at all.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Witness Protection
The Witness Protection Program
Analysis
From the Paper "Some people in the program itself have also raised complaints, stating that the government has not lived up to its agreement in some way or that the program itself is no longer needed in an era when the formerly powerful mob is no longer powerful: "Omerta, the mob law of silence, is long dead. With so many informants, targeting just one is pointless" (McShane, 2000, p. A1). The criminality of people like Sammy Gravano even while in the program has also been a point of contention, raising the question of how much the program is protecting questionable witnesses and not the public. The public questions the way the FBI and others decide whom to protect when people hear about cases like that of Boston mob hit man Joseph Barboza, who was aided by the FBI in 1971 to get him off of death row in California so he would not recant in a 1965 Massachusetts case that sent four innocent men to prison. He was aided when two FBI agents testified on his behalf. This has been deemed a cover-up that lasted more than thirty years. Two of the men wrongly sentenced died while in prison, while the other two were released after serving more than thirty years. The cover-p was discovered when the files of the two FBI agents who participated "revealed Barboza lied to the jury when he accused the four men of playing roles in the murder of the amateur boxer who offended Mob bosses" (Lawrence 2001, para. 13). Evidence has also been offered to show that Barboza killed several people while in the Witness Protection Program. Barboza himself was killed by a hitman in 1976."
Abstract The paper discusses the 1923 U.S. Supreme Court's "Frye" decision that generated the limited criteria used by courts to determine the qualification of proffered scientific expert witnesses in federal cases. The paper then discusses the "Daubert" case that expanded the criteria for expert scientific witness qualifications and highlights the inappropriateness of "Frye" as well as "Daubert" to fire investigation.
The paper then looks at the 1999 "Carmichael" case that finally resolved the conflicting standards articulated under Frye and Daubert, by including non-scientific evidence as well as scientific evidence, offering a tremendous improvement for fire investigators.
Outline:
Introduction - The Frye Decision and the Evolution of Modern Evidence Standards
The Expansion of Criteria for Expert Scientific Witness Qualification
The Inappropriateness of Frye to Fire Investigation
Conclusion - Carmichael, Federal Rule 702, and Implications for Fire Investigation
From the Paper "The 1923 U.S. Supreme Court's Frye decision generated the criteria used by courts to determine the foundational qualification of proffered scientific expert witnesses in federal cases. Specifically, Frye introduced the general acceptance standard necessary to qualify the particular field of science supporting the intended testimony of expert witnesses (Cleary 2007). According to the Frye criterion, in order for expert witness testimony to be admissible, the underlying field of science corresponding to the intended testimony, must be "generally accepted" within the scientific community."
Tags: fire, investigation, evidence, general, acceptance
Abstract This paper begins by describing the history of the Federal Witness Protection Program and why it was first necessary to institute such a policy. An examination of the content of the law is provided with quotes from the law itself. The paper then relates famous cases of people who witnessed against organized criminals and then describes how the system works and its implemented. It concludes with examining the necessity of the program today.
From the Paper "The Federal Witness Protection Program was created in response to the dangers faced by witnesses who testified against organized crime. Americans are familiar with the program largely through media presentations showing individuals who are in the program, many of them ex-mobsters themselves who turned state's witness and then needed a new identity. A film such as GoodFellas shows how this works. The film is based on the book by Nicholas Pileggi, Wiseguy, and that book is told in the first person by the man who lived the actual events recounted, Henry Hill, for forty years a gangster associated with a New York crime family. Hill started as a young boy who admired the gangsters in his neighborhood in New York in the 1950s and aspired to be one, and in the end he defected to protect himself from prosecution and testified against his friends in the mob in the 1980s. He now lives under the witness protection program with an assumed identity, and he told his story to Pileggi, who wrote a detailed account of Hill's years with organized crime, an account that also revealed much about the workings of organized crime, the members of the gangs, the people who tolerate and even assist them, and both the perceived advantages and limitations of being a member of organized crime."
Abstract This paper argues that criminals in the Witness Protection Program currently commit few crimes, but low staffing may change this in the future. It begins by defining and explaining more about the actual program and who is entitled to this benefit. It discusses the history of the program - how it was originally started to protect mafia members and its current status. The paper finally looks at some controversial issues surrounding the program, including the cases of some witnesses who committed serious crimes while participating in the program. Includes an outline and annotated bibliography.
From the Paper "The Witness Protection Program, where criminals guilty of crimes are given new identities and moved to new locations so they can testify against others without fear of reprisal, is a controversial approach to law enforcement because it releases known criminals into the community instead of sending them to prison. Criminals in the Witness Protection Program currently commit few crimes, but low staffing may change this in the future.
In order to gain convictions, prosecutors need persuasive evidence. When it comes to crimes committed by groups, such as by the Mafia or drug cartels, finding direct evidence may be difficult (SOC), and witnesses become important. Because these organizations retaliate viciously against anyone within their groups who testify against them, those with inside information often need special protection. Because of this problem, the Witness Protection Program was started."
Abstract This paper examines how the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), with the criticisms of its Witness Protection Program, stands at a juncture in its history where the structure and organization of the entire setup requires a much-needed revamp to provide appropriate solutions to the problems dictated by the new trends in the world of crime and justice. It analyzes the functions and structure of the Federal Bureau of Investigations Witness Protection Program, the important issues and problems pertaining to this program, and an interpretation of the current trends and the solutions that are envisaged by the public administration.
From the Paper "The Government has spend in billions on the witness Protection Program so far. The federal agencies including the U.S. Marshals coordinate in relocating the witnesses and if necessary, their associates and family members. (Federal Sentencing Reporter, 1998) The Attorney General ordered the Department of Justice, in the financial year of 2001, to create a list of the major money laundering and drug trafficking entities. The DEA and the Federal Bureau of Investigations and the U.S. Customs, part of the Department of Homeland Security) along with the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force and made a list of 53 most significant drug cartels that threaten the United States, called the Consolidated Priority Organization Target (CPOT) list, which is kept up to date to identify the suppliers to the United states and keep them in check."
Abstract This paper discusses Custer's biblically-based, scholarly work, "Witness to Christ". The paper explains that Dr. Custer's purpose in writing this book is to bring the reader close to the message, the culture, and experiences of the 1st century church as recorded in the "Book of Acts". The paper deduces that the book, "Witness to Christ", is a refreshing work, faithful to orthodox and fundamental Christian faith.
From the Paper "Many who undertake to write on spiritual matters do so with an eye to explain spiritual matters in a way that is acceptable to modern man. For these authors, Jesus was a great man, but not the son of God. For this group, the early church was a group of misguided and overly enthusiastic groupies who needed a political leader with divine attributes, and the record of Jesus contained in the New Testament is nothing more than the embellished stories which they told each other in order to find comfort in their political and social misery. Not so for Dr. Stewart Custer. Dr. Custer's treatment of the Book of Acts in his book Witness to Christ is a biblically based scholarly work which expounds on the record while honoring the identity of Christ as the Son of God, and God the son. For bible students who want to get to know the historical context of the early church, while at the same time building an orthodox, fundamental understanding of both the bible and the early church, this book is a powerful addition to a personal library."
This brief, yet concise, paper examines the use of role reversal in Margaret Edson's textually rich stage production of "Wit", while also detailing the plot of the story as well as the main characters.
Abstract This paper traces the ordeal of Dr. Bearing, distinguished scholar of 17th-century metaphysical poetry, from her diagnosis of ovarian cancer through her treatment under the watchful eye of Dr. Kelekian, as depicted in Margaret Edson's play "Wit." This paper analyzes Edson's stage production which is rich with word play, inter-textual gestures and most importantly, with irony. "Wit" is built primarily on the complex ironies available through the dramatic strategy of role reversal. The writer of this brief yet concise paper details the plot and main characters of the play.
From the Paper "This clearly delineated division in Donne's corpus of work reflects Dr. Bearing's own divided self. On the one hand a scholar of renown, she is a woman who has essentially turned away from her own body, relegating social life and personal relationships to a place of minor importance in her life. Without partner, lover, or even close friend, Bearing is, despite her claims to the contrary, negligent in her scholarship, unable and unwilling to even attempt to reconcile Dr. Donne (the spiritual) with John Donne. Ironic, too, is the fact that, in the end, the scholarly lover of the intensely spiritual poems is, like all patients in the ward, a prisoner of a body ravaged by cancer, a body that suffers and fails, and a body that can and does overwhelm even the strongest mind and strongest spirit."
Abstract The paper reviews the exhibition "Wit and Wine: A New Look at Ancient Iranian Ceramics" which ran at the McClung Museum and focused on the art of pottery in ancient Iran and had some 45 pieces on display. The author notes that Iranian pottery art is rarely ever mentioned in archeology journals and reports because this 5,000 year long tradition has been greatly overshadowed by more popular art civilizations.
From the Paper "The third most beautiful and rather humorous piece of pottery that I found truly fascinating was the Vessel with two feet. This piece was unearthed from ancient land in Northern Iran and is believed to have been designed and created sometime during the early first millennium. This was one of those pieces, which appeared to contain no animal influence. In fact it seems that this vessel was created to highlight the pomp ad arrogance of a member f the elite rulers. This is because when the vessel is studied from some distance, one can make out the entire form clearly. The hands are definitely the hands of such a person, while the swelled middle part represents the pompous man's body and feet also appear to be clad in expensive shoes. There are no holes or spouts on the surface and the only opening to pour out liquids is the neck of the vessel. "
Abstract This paper examines the collection of essays known as "Black Witness to the Apostolic Faith" edited by David Shannon and Gayraud S. Wilmore about black and apostolic churches. It looks at how the purpose of the book is to find common ground among black Apostolic Christians and to expand their influence in the Christian and non-Christian world. It discusses how the editors believe that black Christian writers and theologians have not had the attention they deserve in the world of Christianity partly as a result of the racism of the past, which has left much power in white hands and less power in black hands. It evaluates how it seeks to take away the distortions of the Christian message which blacks were given by whites in the days of slavery.
From the Paper "In other words, in the bigger picture it should be all Christians, black and white and others, who come together in their common faith. The "confession' the authors write about is not only confession of sins but confession of faith, and that common confession can bring people together only if all sins are confessed and only if the confessor sees God as bigger than his own fears and prejudices. Wilmore is not saying that blacks should hate whites, but that whites must look at the past and accept what they did, just as blacks have had to look at the past and face what was done to them. To these Christian writers, it is God and Jesus Christ Who have allowed them to survive that past and to come out of their experiences with love and forgiveness in their hearts."
Abstract This paper discusses in detail the changes Agatha Christie found necessary in order to adapt her short story "Witness for the Prosecution" to a theater format. Various adaptations are analyzed, such as changes in dialogue, point of view, visual characterization aspects, and the use of accents.
