Abstract Nursing theorists have been popular in nursing since the days of Florence Nightingale and have continued through to the present. This paper highlights Rosemarie Parse's theory of human becoming as well as JeanWatson's theory of human caring. This is then followed with a discussion of how their theories and philosophies are similar, how their theories are dissimilar and finally what other theories in nursing are related to each of these theories.
From the Paper "It is considered beyond the scope of the paper to discuss each theorist's theory in detail. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse's theory Rosemarie Parse's theory of human becoming is built on concepts that are considered inter-subjective, relying on an interpersonal environment from which to create meaning and allow for personal growth (Bjorklund, 2000). Parse offered this theory in 1981 as an alternative to the standard bio-medical model emphasized in the 1960s and 1970s (Cody, n.d.). "
Abstract This paper argues that the perception of the nursing profession changed after the introduction of JeanWatson's theory of nursing. It defines this theory, which addresses this perception by accurately identifying that the nurse's career as much more than just being a doctor's helper. It explains that the nursing profession carries a different responsibility in the healing process. Watson views nursing as both an art and a science. While the science is focused on performing medical procedures and assisting doctors and other health professionals in their work, the art of nursing encompasses the whole human person. The art of nursing, according to Watson, is preserving the worth of humankind through the process of caring.
From the Paper "During a time when educational standards are being reevaluated as to the content, clarity and purpose of ht educational process, many fields are also undergoing refinement. When a particular field encounters a speed bump in its ongoing progress, like education, it is appropriate to reevaluate where the organization has been, where it is currently, and in what direction the field needs to be pointed in order to regain its effectiveness. The nursing field is a sector of the educational system which is currently suffering from a reduction in recruitment. The nursing field has long carried the stereotypes of a career path that is "less than" a doctor's status, and therefore less desirable."
Tags: caring, medical, assistance, doctor, compassion, care, giver, well, being
Abstract This paper discusses the theory of human caring as propounded by JeanWatson. The paper contends that Watson's theory is based on the notion that love and care have therapeutic properties, and when used properly with medical competencies, they can become major healing forces. The paper explains that the theory is grounded in humanism, which seeks to provide patients with spiritual, emotional, mental, as well as physical comfort and well-being.
From the Paper "The theory sounds complex to many because of its rather perplexing terminologies and extensive use of overlapping and sometimes vague concepts. But it is definitely one of the most important nursing theories to have emerged in the late 20th century and is solely responsible for turning "caring" into a science. It has become a standard for judging new practices and competencies in nursing because Watson has successfully managed to bridge the gap between theory and practice by incorporating the two into the same framework.
With rapid changes in the medical field and with new technologies emerging everyday, people especially those in the nursing field are in constant danger of losing sight of their core objective i.e. personal care. Nursing tasks have become too technical in nature and thus it is important to stress the need for transpersonal relationships and one-on-one personal connection between nurses and patients. By including mind, body and spirit into the whole scheme of care, Watson guides nursing in the right direction."
Abstract This paper discusses the theory of JeanWatson, who situated nursing and health at the very center of human nature and as our source of unity. The paper claims that Watson was chosen because she focused on what had often been neglected in nursing - the spiritual dimension of the person and maintains that her position helps nurses to view nursing in an entirely different light.
From the Paper "Jean Watson Introduction Jean Watson situated nursing and health at the very center of human nature and as our source of unity. She maintained that "the task of nursing and health and healing is related to the very nature of our shared humanity" (Watson, 2003, p. 197). Watson was chosen because she focused on what had often been neglected in nursing: the spiritual dimension of the person. Furthermore, her theory is derived from her own values, beliefs, and experiences. Watson's framework fits nursing perfectly since her theory is based on becoming, knowing, and doing."
An analysis of the results of JeanWatson's "Needs Assessment Questionnaire Survey" in "Caring Science and the Science of Unitary Human Beings: A Trans-theoretical Discourse for Nursing Knowledge Development".
Abstract This paper analyzes "Caring Science and the Science of Unitary Human Beings: A Trans-theoretical Discourse for Nursing Knowledge Development" by J. Watson M. Smith, which discusses JeanWatson's "Needs Assessment Questionnaire Survey." The paper discusses the results of the survey and provides recommendations for a transtheoretical approach to teaching nursing models.
Table of Contents:
Results
Analysis
Recommendations
Summary
From the Paper "The following are the top five leaning needs and recommendations for this contingent. There is a need to revise the BSN curriculum to create a transtheoretical approach to teaching nursing models, which specifically involves integrating more prominently the nursing theory teachings of Jean Watson, particularly for integrated use in clinical instruction and practice (Watson & Smith, 2002; Morgan, 2006). Thus a timeline must be established in order to accommodate the main activities of the curriculum revision: Content development for instructors, instructor tutorial proper, assessment and further content refinement for classroom instruction and preparation of materials for classroom instruction. Given the timeline for 2008, this must be done at the soonest convenient time."
Abstract This paper analyzes JeanWatson's nursing theory of human caring. The paper explains that this theory is based on a phenomenological and transpersonal approach to the understanding of the interconnectedness of human relationships and other elements in the promotion of caring and healing. The paper then points out that one of the most important aspects of Watson's theory is that it is a method and a philosophy that transcends the dualistic subject-object division between patient and healer that has been the hallmark of conventional allopathic medicine and healthcare. The paper also looks at how this approach takes into account various aspects of the healing process, which can include ontological, philosophical, ethical, and historical aspects. The paper explains that the revolutionary aspect of this theory lies in its underlying theoretical dimension; namely the concept of being-in-relation. This concept addresses a gap in modern medical theory in thatit insists on the reciprocal and mutual interaction between the healer or nurse and the patient. The writer believes that it is through the connectivity of this process that the true in-depth value of this theory reveals itself.
Outline:
Introduction
Theoretical Origins
Curative Factors
The Application of Curative Factors
Conclusion
From the Paper "In summary, Watson's theory is a new paradigm in healing and health care. The main point of her theory is that it attempt to address what she sees as an increasingly technological emphasis in modern medicine and nursing which uses medical and surgical mean to cure ailment and disease to the exclusion of the myriad of other tools and methods that are an essential part of the healing process. Watson poses an alternative and contrasting view which focuses on "...conscious compassionate skills that help patients achieve a healthy state of mind, body, and spirit" (Norred C. 2000). The therapeutic interpersonal relationship between the nurse and patient is the focus of emphasis."
Abstract The theory of human caring developed by JeanWatson is based on a transpersonal approach to the understanding of healing. This approach emphasizes the interconnectedness of human relationships, which comprises a holistic assessment of human being. The paper examines Watson's theory and discusses its impact on the patient and how this form of treatment differs from currently accepted nursing practice which, according to the author of the paper, sees the patient only as an objective entity that is to be approached in a "scientific" and detached way. The author contends that the advantage of this theory is that it provides the professional nurse with a set of theoretical tools for increasing the potential for healing, while at the same also taking account of accepted and normative nursing and healing practices.
Outline:
Introduction: Background
Major Concepts
Application and Case Study
Analysis
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "This view implies a more holistic approach to problem of healing, than is commonly emphasized in conventional nursing procedures. In terms of the philosophical and psychological heritage of this theory, it is based on, among others, the phenomenological psychology and philosophy of Carl Rogers, as well as "... the existential work of Yalom, and the philosophies of de Chardin, Sartre, and Kirkegaard" (Ingalls and Tourvile , 2003). Watson was also influenced by her experiences and contact with different cultures and experiential formats, which led her to view caring and healing in a more expansive context.
"In essence, the core of this theory places the emphasis on the mutual interaction between patient and nurse as a fundamental aspect of nursing care. In these terms, Watson's theory is seen as an important part of the development of nursing theory and praxis."
Tags: nursing, care, humanity, dignity, therapeutic, patient, health, mental, physical
Abstract This paper explains that the overall goal of the nursing education workshop presented by the paper is to present the core concepts of JeanWatson's theory of human caring and transpersonal care through reflections on clinical practice, interpersonal experience, and past educational experiences. The paper then discusses the particular overall objectives of the workshop as well as the methodology for evaluating the workshop. Lastly, the paper describes a survey that will be used in the survey.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Overall Goal for the Workshop
Overall Objectives for this Workshop
Methodology to Evaluate Workshop Training
End of Course Survey
From the Paper "Banning (2005), in a qualitative study, found that the different levels of evidence were utilized according to their appreciation of them, suggesting that prior training in the use of these resources for continuing education can influence nurses' perceptions of and appreciation for evidence-based practice. Multiple sources of support in health care organizations from management by promoting a culture of receptivity to change and encouragement of this practice can empower nurses to shift towards more confident implementation of evidence-based practice."
Abstract The paper discusses concepts of nursing to help improve outcomes for patients while providing structure for clinical care. The paper reflects on the research of the theories, which suggest that certain paradigms and concepts have greater applicability to clinical practice. The paper discusses JeanWatson's caring theory and suggests that this theory provides a valuable asset that can be used to improve practice and facilitate positive outcomes for patients.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Conclusion
From the Paper "Cara (2003) goes on to note that there are three specific dimensions of Watson's caring theory. These include the following:
- Carative Factors: Cara notes that carative factors were first developed by Watson in 1979 and revised in 1985. According to Watson, carative factors are those that "honor the human dimensions of nursing's work and the inner life world and subjective experiences of the people we serve" (p. 52). In total there are 10 carative factors that include: humanistic-altruistic system of value; faith-hope; sensitivity to self and others; helping-trusting, human care relationship; expressing positive and negative feelings; creating problem-solving caring process; transpersonal teaching and learning; supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, social and spiritual involvement; human needs assistance; and existential-phenomenological spiritual force."
Abstract This paper describes Dr. JeanWatson's model of nursing, which is found in her work entitled "Love and Caring: Ethics of Face and Hand: An Invitation to Return to the Heart and Soul of Nursing and our Deep Humanity." It particularly discusses her views on caring in nursing. The paper then analyzes the strengths and limitations of her model and describes the barriers in the application of her theory.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Dr. JeanWatson - Caring in Nursing
Brief Analysis of Watson's Caring Mode
Nursing Theory- Strengths and Limitations of Watson's Caring Model
Barriers in the Application of Watson's Caring Theory
Summary & Conclusion
From the Paper "The model of caring in nursing model as proposed by Dr. Jean Watson is one that is fairly simplistic in nature that has as its key concepts the factors of love, kindness and empathy. In making an identification of the applications of Dr. Watson's model the work of Chantal (nd) is reviewed in which Chantel relates that the application of Watson's Caring in Nursing Model may be through interaction with the patient by asking pertinent questions that will engage the patient while at the same time convey to them that the nurse genuinely cares about them as a 'whole' person."
Abstract This paper explains that JeanWatson's theory of human care describes the nursing process as a moral ideal. The author points out that Watson's philosophy of nursing holds that nurses exist in order to understand the patient, to help the patient gain harmony within his or her mind-body-spirit complex (which generates self-knowledge, self-reverence, self-healing), and to install faith-hope. The paper examines the case of a diabetic patient who has not been adhering to his health teaching about diabetic protocol and diet and explains how Watson's theory enabled the author of the paper to approach the patient through a strong therapeutic relationship, while focusing on the patient's self-determination and ability for self-care.
From the Paper "The instillation of faith-hope includes being present to Mr. C and being supportive of both any positive or negative feelings he might express. The nurse is not judgmental but is accepting of him. At the same time, she promotes wellness by encouraging Mr. C to begin practicing health-seeking behaviors. Everything that is done for Mr. C is centered in care because care is the center of nursing."
A case study presentation discussing the writer's implementation of Dr JeanWatson's theory of human care and how it affected the relationship between nurse and patient.
Abstract This paper analyzes Dr JeanWatson's theory of human care and how it is based on a deep respect for all of human life and for the interconnectedness of all things. The paper presents a case study of a clinical situation with Mrs. N and describes how the implementation of Watson's theory affected the way in which the writer related to the patient. It discusses how this relationship improved care for the patient. The paper is written in the first person.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Personal Experience Reflection
Watson's Theory of Human Care
Evaluation
From the Paper "As a result of the caring moment, both I and Mrs. N were changed. I learned a new level of continuing competence and arrived at a deeper understanding of human care. I learned to clarify my value system and define what it means to be human and caring as a nurse. I also learned that both I and the patient are involved in continuous process of growing, changing, and becoming (Walker & Neuman, 1996). We both came out of the situation essentially learning the same truth that we need a high perception of the other person as a human being. In addition, as a result of the intersubjective flow between Mrs. N and I, Mrs. N was better able to release some of her disharmony of the mind, body and soul. She came to realize that she does need more health teaching and cannot deal with certain situations. What did not work in the situation was that I did not have the patient's perspective at the center. However, the use of Watson's carative factors changed that."
Abstract This paper explains that JeanWatson is one of the first nurse theorists to address the idea of caring as the focus of a nursing theory. The author relates that Watson believes that caring science, which includes the arts and humanities as well as science, encompasses a humanitarian, human science orientation to human caring processes and experiences. Watson's theory, the paper interprets, treats the patient in a holistic manner utilizing a caring attitude, which releases positive energy that influences all spheres of the patient's well being.
From the Paper "Teresa Vance notes that caring and nursing have always been viewed as synonymous, and that most individuals choose nursing as a profession because they have a desire to care for others. This fact has led to a number of caring theories, two of which are Leininger's theory of cultural care and Jean Watson's theory of human caring. Watson defines caring as a science and sees caring as a science that encompasses a humanitarian, human science orientation, human caring processes, phenomena, and experiences. The theory is viewed as much a philosophy as a theory of nursing."
Tags: science humanitarian holistic, intersubjective human process, psychodynamics
Abstract The paper outlines the principles of JeanWatson's theory of nursing and shows how they all focus on how the biophysical, psychophysical, psychosocial and intrapersonal needs of a human being must be valued and cared for in a fundamentally nonjudgmental spirit. The paper explains Watson's goal of providing professional, caring and thoughtful interactions in order to promote holistic health and to prevent illness.
From the Paper "Jean Watson's model of nursing was first formulated in 1979. It was formulated around the fundamental principle of caritas, the Latin word meaning to cherish, to appreciate, or to give special attention to something or someone. The original theory developed in 1979 and was organized around ten carative factors. Watson later rephrased and readjusted the definitions of many of these factors to suit her later emphasis on the spiritual and transpersonal dimensions of nursing, but the basic principles of her caritas ideals remains the same ("Jean Watson: Philosophy and science of caring," 2008, PowerPoint)."
Tags: illness, health, interaction, respect, care, values, sensitivity
Abstract This paper analyzes the JeanWatson theory of human caring, used in the nursing curriculum. The paper explains that, according to Watson, the theory of human caring is a focus for the future of nursing practice and provides the standards that should guide nurses in every aspect of their role in the health care field. The paper looks at how, as time has evolved, the issues with which nurses have been confronted have caused a shift in the approach to nursing that is based on quality care. The paper then points out that, although Watson is specific as to the realm of caring that can be applied to nursing and the delivery of service to the patient, it is evident that Watson intended for the caring perspective to be apparent in every facet of nursing and used to understand all issues that affected the individual's health and well being. In conclusion, the paper shows that the theory of human caring should be a vital instrument for all nursing professionals and students, serving nursing through a foundation for care that returns the profession to a focus specifically on the patient and quality care.
Outline:
Define Theory of Human Caring.
Analyze the JeanWatson Theory of Human Caring.
Use of JeanWatson Theory of Human Caring Use in Guiding All Nursing Programs.
Applicability of JeanWatson Theory of Human Caring to Undergraduate Level Nursing Practice.
Applicability of JeanWatson Theory of Human Caring to Graduate Level Nursing Practice.
Conclusion
From the Paper "To care for the complete human means to care for each element of the individual's life that is either positively or negatively impacting him or her. Treating the illness without considering the psychological issues that may be evident will slow recovery time and may hinder the effectiveness of the treatment. Recommending treatments that are not feasible in the life of an impoverished individual or that the person cannot be transported to, will prevent the complete recovery of the person. And advocating surgery for a patient that elects only to utilize Chinese Traditional Medicine for the health care needs, prevents the patient from receiving care that is applicable to the individual's life."
Tags: health, care, needs, patient, surgery, medicine
