Abstract
This essay begins with the central thesis of Jean Paul Sartre's version of existentialism which is "that in man, and in man alone, existence preceded essence." The paper extends this theory through a discussion of Sartre's literary and philosophical writings, to show that Sartre believed that each individual creates his/her own being and his/her own ethics. Existence, or being, springs from authenticity and subjectively responsible action. The paper concludes that, for Sartre, there can be no wrong or evil action if it comes from an essential, authentic being.

From the Paper
"After the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary, Sartre could no longer support the Communist Party, though he still sympathized with the people's movement. True to his philosophy of action, he stated his disillusionment with the Party in May of 1968 in an essay "The Communists are Afraid of Revolution." He was now supporting an even more radical left French group called "les Maos." He was attracted to their ethical and political views, but never became a member."

Tags:activism, atheism, freedom, humanism, marxism, phenomenology

Abstract
This paper describes the life of Jean-Paul Sartre, French author, literary critic, activist, and most famously, philosopher. It looks at how Sartre was a key figure in the development of existentialism, the idea that destiny depends solely on the individual. It takes examples from his life and analyzes them in terms of how they influenced his theories. Just as the work of the philosopher and his existence are intertwined, the chronological details of Sartre's life are interwoven with explanations of his key ideas.

From the Paper
"Sartre's most famous book, Being and Nothingness, has infinite ambition: it aims to declare the meaning of being itself. When someone is born, he declares, they are nothing. It is only through choices and experience that they become a self. "Man invents his road and realizes himself... it is he who must make himself (Lafarge 134). But sometimes people attempt to deny the need to choose. He gives the example of a woman who must decide whether or not to respond to her date's affections. If he reaches for her hand, she can decide to either pull away or let her hand stay. This choice is one that will be made in passion, for it deals with emotions: love, disgust, contempt, attraction, longing, fear. From this example he introduces the idea of acting in bad faith." When he takes her hand, she tries to avoid the painful necessity of a decision to accept or reject him, by pretending not to notice, leaving her hand in his as if she were not aware of it."

Tags:beauvoir, communism, existentialism, nothingness, playwright

Abstract
The concepts of existence and human freedom have been presented by Jean-Paul Sartre in his book entitled "Being and Nothingness", and they represent essential parts of his theory. However, Sartre also presents other related concepts, such as bad faith which as been referred to as a device that protects us from the anguish of realising that we are freer than we like to think we are. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper will be to examine why Sartre thought that existence is absurd, as well as the significance of this idea to his view of human freedom.

Tags:human, freedom

Abstract
This paper summarizes Jean Paul Sartre's play, "No Exit," and discusses its existentialist theme about human nature and loss of freedoms. The paper describes how the play depicts a loss of freedom on several different levels and looks at how the characters in the play experience these losses. The paper also compares Sartre's notion about human nature and the basic need for freedom to the deterministic position as espoused by Robert Blanchford, which holds that the lives of humans are already predetermined.

From the Paper
"Jean Paul Sartre's "No Exit" is an apt description of existential hell. (Sartre, 1958) Existentialism attempts to describe our desire to make rational decisions despite existing in an irrational universe. Existentialism requires the active acceptance of our nature. Or, existentialism assumes we are best when we struggle against our nature. In either case, we should want this. Given this brief description of existentialism, what transpires in "No Exit" is that the players are trapped in their own natures. There is a loss of freedom at several levels. The stage setting reveals that even in writing No Exit, Sartre cannot completely rid himself of his existentialist leanings. He asks for a chandelier in the center of the room. And in the ceiling there is a hole through which he allows as an escape route."

Tags:prison, dead, hell, cradeau, pacifist, writer, estelle, inez, lesbian, guilty, change, consequences, action

Abstract
This paper offers a biography of philosopher Jean Paul Sartre, known for his writings on existentialism and free will. The paper includes some comparisons to other philosophers with similar ideas, as well as a number of direct quotes and explanations of his work. The writer also shows how Sartre explored the concepts of freedom, the individual, genetics, and many others.

From the Paper
"Sartre, or some other theorist who know more about genetics might respond by arguing that genetics, while it might require a slightly larger limitation on the scope of our freedom than previously realized, wouldn't require us to reject the possibility of freedom. Indeed, we are aware that other factors come to play an intense role in the development of an organism. Indeed, the genetic component is what is responsible for the genotype, but we must also consider what is known as the phenotype."

Tags:psychology, philosophy, kant, society, individual, genetic, freedom, self

Abstract
This paper looks at elements of freedom and choice in the world through Jean-Paul Sartre's "Being and Nothingness." In particular it examines his writings on freedom which appear in "Being and Doing: Freedom," Chapter One, part four. The writer focuses on the impact of the industrial age on modern philosophical thought. The paper examines the basic tenets of Sartre's philosophy and provides an understanding as to how this fit in to the meaning and function of life in the post-industrial age.

From the Paper
"Jean-Paul Sartre wrote in, Being and Nothingness, that the first element of freedom is condition of action and that the fundamental element of free action is one that is a choice of the self in the world and by the same token it is a discovery of the world (Sartre, 461). When examining the foundations of our modern philosophical thought, it is necessary to understand that where religion once provided the sole source of philosophical inquiry, the advent of the industrial age was the moment in time when Man began to take control of the world and society in manners that had never before been witnessed."

Tags:choice, industrial, age, philosophical, modern

Abstract
This paper relates that, in Jean-Paul Sartre's "Nausea", the protagonist Roquentin's vocation as a historian entails a process of attributing causality, plausibility, order and even predictability to certain observed events; however, throughout the novel, he comes increasingly aware of the fact that human existence is contingent, which is the very opposite. The author points out that Roquentin's realization of this contingent nature of human existence moves him to acknowledging that all of the actions of Rollebon (a character in the book whom Roquentin has spent years researching and writing about) might have been random. The paper relates that Roquentin's discovery of the contingent nature of human existence makes him re-examine everything and everyone in his life and moves him to a point where he is able to liberate himself from the nauseating awareness of absurdity and nothingness that might otherwise have paralyzed him. The paper includes many quotations from the novel.

From the Paper
"And this is precisely the existential crisis that Roquentin faces as he increasingly realizes the contingent nature of reality - he realizes that what he believes about himself and the world are merely his way of unifying his own knowledge. As such, while it may at times be comforting, it is not real. He observes other people making up such unifying stories, aware that he can no longer do this. ... Roquentin's knowledge of the contingency of human existence increasingly means that he cannot make up such comforting stories to impose rigorous order on random events."

Tags:absurdity, random, historian, liberate, order

Abstract
This essay examines the ideas of existentialism as expressed by Jean Paul Sarte in his play, "No Exit" and shows how Sartre's ideas grew out of the cultural circumstances in which he lived. The paper concludes that Sartre saw Existentialism as a way to portray humans in a complete subject, using how they felt, acted, and lived. His philosophical thinking was similar to others, but using his ability to use dramatic irony, Sartre was able to draw popularity to the movement.

From the Paper
"The play's essential ideas of free will and accountability come from Sartre's principle that "existence precedes essence". Sartre thought that human awareness varied from lifeless things, since humans have the capability to decide their personal characteristics. But, with this freedom of choice comes about accountability for one's actions. The dread of this responsibility directs many people to disregard both their free will and their responsibility by allowing others to make their choices for them, resulting in bad faith."

Tags:narrative phenomenology ontological, bad faith, accountability

Abstract
This paper gives a history on the life of Sartre and talks about his works and brand of philosophy. The paper discusses how Sartre was influenced by other philosophers and how these opinions helped shaped his own views on existentialism, fear and self-deception.

From the Paper
"For Sartre, God is not necessary and is in fact non-existent, and so man is free in a way that can be terrifying and that imposes responsibility. Jean-Paul Sartre was not only a leading philosopher of his generation but also a playwright, novelist, political theorist, and literary critic. Sartre in his writings in the 1940s and after was reacting to the horrors of the war, but he viewed the devastation of war not in terms of its effect on a specific country or people but on humanity. He was continuing in an intellectual tradition extending back to the nineteenth century and to the works of Dostoyevsky, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche. His philosophy is not collective in the way Marxism is nor built on social classes and hierarchies in the way Hitler's is. His view is described as a contemporary form of humanism, with the individual at the center and with a belief in the ability of each individual to shape his or her own existence."

Tags:Sartre, existentialism, fear, self-deception

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts Edith Stein's "Phenomenology of Empathy" with the possibility of empathy in Sartre's philosophy. According to the paper it is evident that despite the heavy influence of Edmund Husserl upon both of these philosophers, they developed very different philosophies, especially with regard to empathy and intersubjectivity. The differences between them are primarily due to the dissimilarities in their respective applications of Husserl's understanding of the human subject.

From the Paper
"In comparing and contrasting Edith Stein's Phenomenology of Empathy with the possibility of empathy in Sartre's philosophy, it is evident that despite the heavy influence of Edmund Husserl upon both of them, they developed very different philosophies, especially with regard to empathy and intersubjectivity. The differences between them are primarily due to the dissimilarities in their respective applications of Husserl's..."

Tags:stein, sartre, empathy