Abstract
This paper examines and compares the erotic court dances of the 14th century Javanese culture and today's local folk-dancers, ronggeng. The paper explains that, in addition to expressing the age-old dichotomy between the masculine and feminine principles, Javanese dance is also useful in preserving what the Javanese believed would be lost through colonialism, their culture. The paper claims that the first schools of classical Javanese dance were founded out of a desire to retain and maintain the true Javanese culture, with its Hindu and Buddhist elements.

From the Paper
"Two sons of a Javanese sultan, both of whom were nationalists, founded a dance school, Kridha Beksa Wirama, in 1918. Moro notes that the school was "groundbreaking" as it was the first effort to make court dance democratic, and less 'feudal.' Its first students were the youth affiliates of Budi Utomo, the first nationalist organization in the region. However, because members in these somewhat avant garde groups were primarily aristocrats, the elite continued to have a hold over the arts. Still, graduates of that school went on to teach in the Taman Siswa schools, a system dating to 1922 that " linked education and experimental pedagogy to the goals of Indonesian nationalism" (Moro, 2004)."

Tags:ronggeng, golek, gambyong

Abstract
This paper examines Tony Hillerman's book "Dance Hall of the Dead"about a Navajo policeman who investigates the murder of a young Zuni. It discusses how no one, outside an initiated practitioner in a Native American religion can really comprehend the true significance of its beliefs and rituals and how Hillerman in this novel makes an excellent beginning in differentiating between spiritual beliefs of Zuni and Navajo. It shows how the Zuni religion can be seen to be extensively different from the religion of the Navajo's in the two tribes' rituals, burial practices and beliefs in an afterlife. It uses outside sources to confirm and expand on the understanding of these varied spiritual practices.

From the Paper
"For the Navajo, spirituality permeates all areas of life and is rooted in nature. Daily life proceeds upon Mother Earth and under Father Sky. There is no word for religion in the Navajo language, not because there is no religion, but because religion is not separate from life. There is nothing but religion, otherwise known as life among the Dineh, or the People. Rituals, prayers, legends and songs, are scarcely ever out of their minds. The Navajo create sand paintings and hold sings such as the Enemy Way, the Blessing Way, the Flint Way and the Mountain Top Way to cure illness and to help them surmount the problems of life on earth (Waters 248-249). From the Navajo point of view, as Frank Waters puts it, "religion is the way of life" (Waters 396)."

Tags:native, americans, religion, beliefs, rituals, burials, afterlife

Abstract
The writer of this paper details the history of the Hula dance and its significance as a ritual of religion, celebration, mourning and communication. This brief, yet concise paper, examines how, in ancient times, dancers were selected for hula training in childhood, spending their formative years under the care of a hula master, separated from the outside world and dedicated to the goddess Laka, patron of the hula. Hawaii's history of births, deaths, loves and battles were expressed in the Hula dance. The writer also details the accompanying music and melodic poetry, to which the dancer's swayed, which include the double-gourd drum, called ipu heke.

From the Paper
"The history of births, deaths, loves, and battles of the people were preserved in chants and dance. Since Hawaii's history was recorded as dance, "hula dancers were expected to remember and repeat every dance step perfectly and under punishment of death," for "to change the dance was to change history." Hula was the written word for ancient Hawaiians, told through the movements of the dancers' feet, hands, and body movements. Through dance, stories were told, genealogies were kept, and beliefs were shared and imposed, thus to change the steps would be to change the message."

Tags:dance, history, hawaii, culture, ritual, communication

Abstract
The paper is an in-depth study of the history of hip hop dance, from before and after the 1970s, and its effects on society. It explores how this type of dance is unlike other dance forms and the elements that make it up. There are no fixed forms to dance, but only styles. The rest is up to the dancer. It is a style of dance for all society giving the freedom to all to dance according to their desires. The paper also shows how hip hop is very much an American product. The hip hop trend enables the path for several dancers, and at the same time it also fosters and promotes more suggestive dance moves. The paper provides clear indications of the effects on culture; some hip hop is racist in theme, while others are sexist. Many hip hop musicians concentrate on such issues like social inequity and the dangers of heroin use. The conclusion is that hip hop is more than just music. It is becoming the soul of pop culture as never before, and steadily moving from the street corners and music videos towards usage in the fitness centers, dance studios as well as television shows.

From the Paper
"Hip hop may be viewed as a culture and is often used to refer to commercial rap music, but hip-hop is not only music. It is loved by the American ghetto youth who claim that it is their method of self-expression and use hip hop to rise over their physical situations. The culture of hip hop has its roots based on truth, self-determination, courage and pride. This is the reason why it has grown to have its impact on almost every part of the world. (Hip-hop History) Some hip hop is racist in their themes, while others are sexist. At the same time, there are also many hip hop musicians who concentrate on such issues like social inequity and the dangers of heroin use. From its early days in the US, the music is being played in projects and some underground clubs, but, now it has achieved a profile that has led to include it in the 1992 presidential debates over Sister Soljah. In the 20th Century Fox movie, Bulworth, there is Warren Beatty playing a Senator who berates his opponents using rap. Hip hop, it would seem, has become a part of our lives. (Classified Hip-Hop or I wanna blow up like Marilyn Monroe's skirt) At the same time, hip hop is not only music. This form of dancing has become very popular and this is clear from the opinions of some experts. "There's a definite surge in the white neighborhood that wouldn't necessarily be exposed to hip-hop in their everyday life," says Keith Pinto, who is an MC and hip-hop dance teacher at the Dance Attack in Los Gatos, California. "They watch MTV, see other kids doing it and want to be a part of it. You can pretty much go to any dance studio in the Bay area and they'll have a hip-hop class." (Hip-hop dance fever)"

Tags:break, dance, graffiti, rapping, afrika, bambaataa, grandmaster, flash, universal, zulu, nation, scratch, rapping, djing, don, campbellock, bboying, scooby-doos, popping, boogaloo, krump, popping

Abstract
In this paper, the premise of the polka dance is founded through the historical and technical aspects of the dance that originated in central Europe in the 19th century. The unison of the male/female interaction of the dance involves a set of foot steps and interaction with partners, which provides a deeper senses of cultural unity in its circular patterns. The use of the dance in rural communities in the19th century reveal the way that it is still used to bring together a sense of cultural unity, even in the modern era.

From the Paper
Thank you for purchasing a customized research paper from Essay Experts LLC. We strive to deliver to our customers the most accurate and up-to-date research each and every time we prepare a custom work. Your Writer ID: #255 Order ID: 12862 Topic: Dance Disclaimer: This document should be used in precisely the same way you would use any article you might find in your local research library. Remember, you must cite it properly just like you would any other source listed in your bibliography. If you have any questions regarding citing

Tags:dance, polka, europe

Abstract
This paper is about dance movement therapy as a form of expressive art therapies. The paper focuses on how dance therapy is about the release of emotional trauma or beliefs as well as feelings that have been suppressed, through appropriate movement. There is a brief history of development of dance therapy as well as a personal story about how fears can limit the ability to dance.

From the Paper
"The expressive arts offer a multitude of opportunities for the human spirit to achieve balance, freedom, relief and potentially self-actualization. While great emphasis in class has been placed on the spirit of the human condition and spirit of the soul, after a brief discussion about the spirit, this paper will focus on what movement and dance therapy are about, the use of dance therapy as a way of unleashing burdensome emotions and psychological pathology in combinations of the arts and solely using dance and movement as the expressive medium. This paper will also include comments on the generally fear and shame based reasons why individuals might initially shy away from dance and movement therapy."

Tags:dance, movement, emotional

Abstract
The paper relates that the movie depicts a young girl who aspires to be a professional ballet dancer. The paper explains that she sees her dream come to an abrupt halt - in her view - when her mother is killed in an auto accident. The paper discusses how she personally feels responsible for her mother's sudden and untimely death because - in a previous scene in the movie - she made her mother promise to attend her dance recital on the day the accident occurred. The paper expalins that now, after the fact, she believes the demands she made on her mother caused her death.

From the Paper
"The movie depicts a young girl who aspires to be a professional ballet dancer. She sees her dream come to an abrupt halt - in her view - when her mother is killed in an auto accident. She personally feels responsible for her mother's sudden and untimely death because - in a previous scene in the movie - she made her mother promise to attend her dance recital on the day the accident occurred. Now, after the fact, she believes the demands she made on her mother caused her death."

Tags:save, last, dance

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that modern dance developed in the early 20th century and its creators intended to alter dance that was considered mechanic in the classical style. The writer looks at the emergence of modern, post-modern and contemporary dance.

From the Paper
"Innovators of modern dance in Germany and the United States believed that natural elements had to be incorporated into dance in order to fill the void between human existence and the natural world. Therefore, modern dance sought to incorporate a focus on "inner and outer realities". One of the primary founders of modern dance was Isadora Duncan. Duncan, of ..."

Tags:dance, modern, postmodern

Abstract
This paper describes the Ghost Dance religion and how it spread to Native American tribes. The paper discusses the history of the Native Americans from the time of Andrew Jackson until the Wounded Knee massacre, and demonstrates how the Native Americans were pushed farther and farther westward, and eventually limited to a very small area. The paper explains how the United States army and government's fear of the Ghost Dance religion led to the Wounded Knee massacre, describing the events of the massacre, and the political issues surrounding the massacre and the Ghost Dance religion.

From the Paper
"James Mooney writes in The Ghost-Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890 that the essential part of the teaching of the Ghost Dance is the doctrine that the world is old and worn and the time is near for its renewal (Mooney 661). The Ghost Dance was an American Indian religious revivalist movement that spread through the Plains Indians and other ethnic groups during the 1890's and due to a culmination of events is forever linked to the Wounded Knee massacre of 1890 (Ghost pp)."

Tags:Ghost, Dance, indian, native, american, reservation, sioux, wounded, knee

Abstract
This paper takes a look at Islam's view on dance and music. According to the paper, although there are many groups within Islam that profess that music and dancing are forbidden, it is clear that the Qu'ran itself does not explicitly prohibit these activities. The paper goes on to say that several avenues of worship within Islam have developed into the practice of reaching God through dance or music. The paper focuses specifically on the Quwalli and the Mevelevi Order, also known as The Whirling Dervishes.

From the Paper
"More intentionally musical is the Sufic tradition of the Quwalli. Quwali means "word," and can be thought of as the physical and auditory manifestation of the divine voice. As with the Quri, the Quwallis use their voice as a tool of worship, but they move into the world of interpretation and individual expression of the words themselves. They can be likened to the Gospel singers of the Western world in this respect, though this may be a misleading comparison since the Sufi practice, from which the Quwalli find their beginnings and roots, is far more steeped in history and tradition and could be considered a more "serious" endeavor. Quwallis use the music of their voices to worship foremost, and to communicate and encourage their listeners to worship with them is a secondary concern."

Tags:Qari, God, Allah, sema, prophet, gift, worship, dance, body, Sufic, tradition