Abstract
This paper looks at the changes that Japanese women have undergone with respect to their identity. It focuses on the changes since the mid - 20th century. It links the historical changes in Japanese society over the past 150 years with the changes in their women's identity and also looks at social, political, economic and environmental factors that have influenced the identity of Japanese women.

From the Paper
"Before 1868, especially under the Tokugawa Shogunate government, Japanese women had no legal personality. They could not own property and were in fact the property of men who could do with them virtually anything they fancied. At that time, they could read and write only hiragana, but business, political and literary materials were written in the more formal kanji which prevented them from sharing the more fulfilling and dignified world of men."

Tags:change, 20th, century, historical, economic, political, social, environmental

Abstract
This paper reviews T. Makabe's oral history addressing Canadian Japanese women who came to Canada as picture brides of the 1920s. According to the paper, several hundred women came to marry settled Japanese men they had never met. The book is discussed in terms of its shortcomings in a sociologist's attempt at history. The paper concludes by stating that as oral history, Makabe has failed to ask questions or interact with her informants as Individuals.

From the Paper
"Tomoko Makabe came to Canada under very different circumstances from the five Canadian Japanese women whose testimony she collected. The author's educational background centered on Sociology and she later published a volume on the Sansei or third-generation Canadian Japanese. The phenomena that Picture Brides describes will not strike a Canadian-born reader as very novel however much it fascinated Makabe in the early 1990s towards her publication of 1995. Various women have arrived in Canada since the 16^th century to marry men they did not know and as continues in some communities, in the present."

Tags:makabe, picture brides, critique

Abstract
This paper examines how Japanese women came to America from their homeland and how, instead of starting anew, they simply brought the repressive culture with them. It looks at how, during the time they were in camps, they were forced to let go of tradition in many areas of life and how they found they had the ability and strength to make decisions, survive, and handle adversity. It also examines how, once they were out of the camps, they still faced attitude problems from those who blamed the residents for the Pearl Harbor attack. It shows how the camps were an atrocity and unfair to all who were forced into them and how, for Japanese women, they did help break a multi-generational pattern of self-doubt.

From the Paper
"While the women were in the camps their treatment was a catalyst for their future. Women were ripped away from everything and everyone they had depended on before the camps were constructed. Their husbands were often sent to far away places, and if the females had married Americans then their husbands were not interned, but the women were. They were ripped away from their children many times as well. With very little notice, everything that they nurtured and lived for each day was suddenly gone. Their existence was stripped from them and once they were placed in the camps they were forced to re-invent and identify their existence."

Tags:pearl, harbor, family, children

Abstract
A comparison between what amounts to half of two nations' population has no choice but to be broad. For that reason two areas have been selected in this paper in which to compare and contrast these groups of women. Since both nations are technologically advanced and have similar standards of living one might expect the opportunities for women to be similar. The paper shows that the two nations differ substantially on a cultural basis, however.

Tags:japanese, american, women

Abstract
The paper discusses how in 1868, the Meiji period began, which put an end to a two-hundred year policy of national isolation from being in contact with the outside world, and therefore, a new revolutionary national mission was set in motion to learn from Western civilizations to attempt to strengthen Japan's own international position. The paper describes how in the decades that followed, continuing into the Taisho period between 1912 and 1925, major transformations invaded most of Japanese life, and literature played a huge role in both mediating and understanding Western ideals and providing a forum for those affected to engage in personal reflection on social, political and cultural changes during this chaotic time. The paper explains that women became more vocal and independent over the years of both the Meiji and Taisho periods, by obtaining educations and finding positions in the workplace, including textile factories and brothels.

From the Paper
"In 1868, the Meiji period began, which put an end to a two-hundred year policy of national isolation from being in contact with the outside world. Therefore, a new revolutionary national mission was set in motion to learn from Western civilizations to attempt to strengthen Japan's own..."

Tags:japan, women, meiji

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the changing nature of women's employment in Japan. The paper examines traditional roles of Japanese society, traditional societal attitudes about the role of women in Japan and how Japanese women themselves have largely seen their role in society. The paper also examines how, slowly, these roles and attitudes are changing and looks at the factors that have contributed to these changes. The paper concludes with a look at what Japanese women and society can do to help promote the prospects of women in the future.

From the Paper
"As the female share of the labor force rises, the labor force overall may appear to respond less flexibly to changes in aggregate demand, and Japan may witness an initial slowing of productivity growth, since many of the women who enter the labor force will have less experience and training than their male counterparts. The male-female wage gap has recently begun to widen, partly as a result of the changing composition of the female labor force. However, as more and more women become permanently attached to the workforce, increases will probably occur both in their productivity and in their relative wages."

Tags:formal, sector, reductions, fertility, higher, measured, family, income, domestic, responsibilities

Abstract
This paper documents a study that has been conducted for the purpose of understanding why the rates of breast cancer differ between Japanese women living in the United States compared to those living in Japan. The examination of risk factors associated with the rapid fluctuation of breast cancer incidence rates in Japanese women in the United States and those in Japan may help to explain differences. The paper offers methodology, data collection and analysis. It also gives a clear conclusion of the findings of the research and recommendations for further research on this topic.

Table of Contents:
Purpose of the study
Methodology
Theoretical Framework
Limitations
Data Collection and Analysis
Quantative Analysis
Summary of Findings
Conclusion
Findings
Recommendations of the Study
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Meta-analysis begins with estimation of the success rates of treatment and control arms of multiple separate trials through use of a separate 2 X 2 table for each trial. At the point in time that the researcher is convinced that the trials are "sufficiently uniform in design and methods that pooling their results makes clinical sense, a statistical test for homogeneity is used to help decide whether pooling results makes statistical sense." (Gilbert, 2005) After having made the decision that the "studies are sufficiently homogeneous to be combinable, the effect measure has been chosen, and a fixed- or random-effects technique is adopted, the calculations required to perform a meta-analysis are quite simple, usually through use of statistical software."

Tags:Asian, female, illness, science

Abstract
The field of women's rights is now becoming more and more important in the world today. Japan, as the first country in Asia to become a super power, has been through a lot since the end of WWII and the issue of women's rights in Japan is no exception. This paper is an analysis on Japanese women's issues after WWII from different perspectives including cultural, social and historical perspectives.

From the Paper
"These main characteristics of the changing role of women in Japan in its population stability, educational improvement and employment issues show an effective result of governmental acts and non-governmental organization's efforts. By providing equal laws and rights, establishing equal development strategies, founding of the National Machinery for the Promotion of Gender Equality, as well as promoting democratic orientation, the Japanese government and NGOs have elevated the role of women in Japanese society."

Tags:education, equality, gender, hiroshima

Abstract
The paper shows that while women in Japan have made great strides during the 20th century, they still have a long way to go to catch up to the world's women in pay, job prospects and their standing in society. The paper discusses the many hours Japanese women spend on childcare and housework which leaves little time for leisure time and entertainment.

From the Paper
"Leisure time for women in Japan is much more common today than it was several decades ago. In fact, women taking classes, or enjoying golf and other recreation would have been looked at with disapproval, people would have thought they were neglecting their duties to pursue selfish pleasures. Today, they enjoy more freedom, but as in many other societies, working women with families still enjoy the least leisure time, and in Japan, their husband help even less with the necessary housework. Japanese women still have a long way to go to become equal in their society."

Tags:rej?, leisure-mindedness, Housewives

Abstract
This paper examines the struggle to change the accepted division of labor in Japan, and how women have struggled for social and economic choice and equality within the context of the country's culture and infrastructure. The paper explains women's current situation with regard to work, the cultural perspective on women working, and what women have done to change the situation.

From the Paper
"In a recent article in the women's magazine Mademoiselle, entitled "Gucci Geisha," the anthropologist Liza Dalby stated, "If I had to chose between being a typical Japanese wife or a geisha, no question, I'd be a geisha." (Mademoiselle, March 2001, 76) Dalby is hardly making an uninformed choice. She spent nine months working in the Pontocho district, near Gion, while studying the life of geisha. Her view of the circumscribed nature of the life of a typical Japanese wife is a common one, as is stated even more explicitly in chapter five of the reader Gender, Race, and Ethnicity, 'Some Interesting Differences in Subjective Culture': 'Americans are often impressed by the fact that Japanese wives generally do not participate in the social activities of their husbands, which the Americans consider a clear sign of inferiority. But Japanese wives see it differently: "I have to be on my best behavior in front of my husband's colleagues, and make a good impression on his superiors which is very humiliating for a woman of pride who feels that having to be ingratiating with other people she does not instinctively like is degrading and can be left to professionals like bar hostesses or geisha?""

Tags:office, ladies, pink, collar, Diet, geisha, recession, stay-at-home, mother, wife