Abstract
The paper discusses Japan's economic development at the turn of the 19th century with respect to an article published by Miwa and Ramseyer entitled, "Japanese Industrial Finance at the Close of the 19th Century: Trade Credit and Financial Intermediation." The paper is of the opinion that the article is useful and largely successful at supporting the authors' points. The paper points out, however, that the article is prefaced with an over abundance of historical data that is, at best, only partially relevant from a historical perspective.

From the Paper
"This article discusses several issues relevant to the Japanese economic experience during the late 19th century as it relates to financial revolutions that anticipate rapid economic growth. The observation is made that Japan did experience such a financial upheaval but that it was not artificially inspired but rather the natural by-product of private investor demands for greater financial infrastructures. Additionally, the authors observe that while securities existed in tandem with traditional bank credit structures, trade credit was largely relied upon in order to raise capital for ongoing industrial expansion."

Tags:economic, growth, bank, credit, capital, expansion, silk, industry

Abstract
This paper discusses Japan's economic development at the turn of the 19th century with respect to an article published by Miwa and Ramseyer entitled, "Japanese Industrial Finance at the Close of the 19th Century: Trade Credit and Financial Intermediation." While the article is seen as useful and largely successful at supporting the authors' points, the paper asserts, it is prefaced with an over abundance of historical data that is, at best, only partially relevant from a historical perspective.

Tags:economy, Asian, Pacific, fiscal

From the Paper
"The Japanese industrial expansion since World War II has been considerable and has been noted by other industrialized nations around the world. Japan began from a position far behind the West, with her infrastructure devastated, and since has achieved a position of economic preeminence, challenging the United States and other industrialized nations for world leadership in innovation and industrial production, especially in high-tech industries of great import on the international scene today and into the future. The U.S. has recently started giving Japan greater attention in order to discern the management styles used in Japan and to emulate them to the greatest degree possible, and the increase in Japanese investment in the U.S., with the opening of a certain number of Japanese manufacturing companies in the U.S., primarily to produce Japanese cars. ... "

Abstract
This paper examines the intimate connection that exists between Japanese art and nature. The author discusses the intimacy so many Japanese feel with nature, explains why artistic scenes of the natural world have been a dominant theme of Japanese artists, and analyzes why the Japanese have always had felt a need to express the intimacy they sense between humanity and nature. He also briefly describes some of the works of notable Japanese artists such as Utagawa Hiroshige, Shiki Sansuizu, and Toyo Sesshu.

Abstract
This paper explains that the reputation of luxury and powerful performance of European automobiles has been built on automobiles, such as BMW and Mercedes; whereas, the reputation of reliability and satisfaction of the Japanese automobiles has been built on automobiles such as Toyota, Nissan, and Honda. The author points out that, in the American market, the European automobiles have been unfavorably compared to the Japanese automobiles in terms of quantity, but the buyers of European automobiles are generally more loyal to their usual brand of vehicle. The paper relates that the Honda, which is a top seller in the United States, is not a luxury automobile of the ranks of BMW, Jaguar, or Lexus, but it is a well-made, reliable vehicle.

From the Paper
"BMW automobiles have been in existence for 75 years. The history of BMW auto manufacturing is varied, with many different types of vehicles offered through the years. The first BMW automobile manufactured was in Berlin in 1929. It featured an all steel body and was developed under the Austin Seven license. The next models were developed in 1932 and 1933, respectively. The BMW 303, sold in 1933, had the trademark kidney front grille, which is still in use today. The first luxury BMW saloon was the 335, which was the last BMW automobile to be manufactured prior to WWII."

Tags:bmw, honda, reliable, luxary, loyal

Abstract
This paper examines the Japanese culture and its relationship to banking. The characteristics of Japanese banking are outlined, and two socio-economic constructs, known as the "zaibatsu" and "keiretsu", are discussed. These socio-economic constructs illustrate strong historical links between banks and industry in Japan. The differences between Japanese and Western capitalism are explained.

From the Paper
"Several years ago, researchers began investigating the relationship between Japanese Capitalism and Western Capitalism. Johnson (1993) pointed out that the differences between the two types of Capitalism are profound and point to changing and evolving theories of economics. This dichotomy of attitudes is the result, suggests Johnson, of many factors, most predominant of which was a certain blindness on the part of the West to acknowledge that Japanese capitalism was indeed different from the laissez-faire construct of the West (Aoki, 1988)."

Tags:zaibatsu, keiretsu, finance, loan, currency

Abstract
This paper, written in the form of a financial report, provides a case analysis of Tsukiji Japanese Restaurant. The report describes how Tsukiji is currently experiencing cash flow problems and needs cost effective solutions to increase sales while also improving the bottom line. As the current study suggests, Tsukiji can improve its financial position through a combination of changes in marketing, human resource management, and operations. The paper includes various recommendations for improving Tsukiji's overall financial outlook.

From the Paper
"The following report provides a case/financial analysis of Tsukiji Japanese Restaurant. Tsukiji is currently experiencing cash flow problems and needs cost effective solutions to increase sales while also improving the bottom line. As the current study suggests, Tsukiji can improve its financial position through a combination of changes in marketing, human resource management, and operations. Recommended marketing changes involve consideration for the use of one or more of the following: 1) local market strategy, 2) unique selling proposition, and 3) ethnic market strategy...."

Tags:case study, business, finance

Abstract
This paper takes a look at how women have faced discrimination as they strive to reach managerial positions in the finance industry. The paper focuses on several women who have broken through the glass ceiling to achieve career success in executive positions. Reasons are listed why women and other minorities are often excluded from higher level jobs in finance. Then, ways to actually break through these barriers are suggested, based on the experiences of those who have already done so. These methods begin with getting a sound education. The paper concludes that women have proven that qualification, persistence, and dedication are among the key ingredients to achieving a prosperous career in the finance industry.

From the Paper
"For this reason, the percent of women officials and managers in the private sector has increased from just over 29 percent in 1990 to 36.4 percent in 2002 (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Executive Summary). This is certainly not a huge increase, especially not for women interested in working in finance, since health care companies and hospitals are the most likely to hire women as managers or officials. This is largely due to the fact that the health care field involves service to others and tending to another's physical condition, which are thought to be traditional female roles. The Executive Summary also reveals that manufacturing companies and businesses are the least likely to hire women as managers, which means that the finance industry is somewhere in the middle when it comes to this issue. Could this mean that the attitudes toward women in the world of finance is beginning to change, and just how many adjustments need to be made in order to ensure that women are treated completely equally in the workplace? "

Tags:corporate American, minorities, finance, business, management, career success

Abstract
This paper focuses on two chapters from Brett De Bary's translation of 'Origins of Modern Japanese Literature' by Karatani Kojin. This paper introduces a distinctively Japanese regard for landscape in relation to literature, and discusses what Kojin referred to as the `discovery of Interiority'. The paper reviews these chapters as they are a helpful introduction to other trends in modern Japanese literature before the rise of militarism.The rise in militarism heralded the War in the Pacific that brought the destruction of the Japanese`modern' order as it is known.

From the Paper
"Foreign influence of the later 19th century inspired reflection on Japanese literature hitherto shaped by Confucian/Chinese literary culture. Several reformers appeared, esp. Soseki of early 20th century to inspire a strongly Japanese expression; focus on landscape as background for human activity, and conveying of human psychology. Expression then delayed by rise of Japanese militarism in 1920s and 1930s; much of what we understand, now, did not surface strongly till after 1949. Mainly course material references."

Tags:19th/20thc, japanese, lit/theory

Abstract
The paper provides a review of Tyson & Martin (2001 - 3rd edition) "Personal Finance for Canadians for Dummies" that stresses the soundness of a volume that stresses everyone's ability to manage; how to avoid common errors as in consumer debt; the genuine nature of the financial services sector; how to avoid get rich quick schemes and especially, a false orientation of valuing income, savings and wealth, ahead of all else.

From the Paper
"Eric Tyson and Tony Martin have written a very balanced and easy to read volume for the Canadian reader who is expected to have no particular knowledge of finance. (2001: 3-4) "Personal Finance for Canadians for Dummies" seems excellent reading for late 2008, given the New York financial collapse that many Canadians did not foresee, the promise of a perhaps global recession forcing many Canadians to think about their financial situations, learn how to cope with losses, and prepare for a different kind of material future."

Tags:tyson/martin, 3rd edition cda, personal finance for dummies