Abstract
This paper explores immigration and new life in America for Japanese American women during the earliest years of Japanese immigration. Issues studied are the family, and attitudes of and effects on the women.

Abstract
The history of Japanese immigrants to America has not been one of "open arms". Japanese citizens were not allowed to leave Japan until the end of the isolationist policy in 1868. Those who found their way to the United States experienced racial hostility and discrimination that included federal, state, and local laws. This paper shows that the reaction of the Japanese-American has been to endure, adapt, and survive in order to develop an ethnic community and presence. Through it all, they have managed to maintain strong family values, as well as religious and other elements of their original culture, within the paradigm of assimilation and acculturation.

From the Paper
"The history of the Japanese American in the United States has taught the majority culture a great deal about perseverance through adversity. The level of discrimination and assumed values that led to stereotyping was endured until the American people were able to "see" the inherent value of the addition of this particular culture into the "melting pot" that is the American social objective. Many of the Japanese Americans have taken the social value of education and translated that into a career in teaching, which has strengthened that particular value for all students and added to the American concept of education."

Tags:Hawaii, immigration, act, SDF

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed examination of the history and migration of the Japanese to Hawaii. The writer explores the migration beginning with the history and then offering an explanation of the migration as it pertained to the Japanese and how it affected those who migrated as well as those who were residents of Hawaii at the time.

From the Paper
"One can trace the history of various migrations to the United States to see that it has not always been an open armed proposition. There have been many national immigrants to the states and while they came with high hopes of beginning new lives they were often greeted and treated as outsiders who were not welcome. One of the most interesting migrations in United States history was the Japanese migration to Hawaii. It showcased the many difficulties that the migrations to the states encountered. "

Tags:sansei, yonsei

From the Paper
"This research examines the Japanese American segment of the population of the United States. The findings of this research are presented in three separate topical discussions. The immigration history of the Japanese to the United States is examined in the first discussion, while the demography of Japanese Americans are examined in the second discussion, and contributions by Japanese Americans to American society are reviewed in the third discussion.

Japanese Immigration to the United States
There is no record of Japanese immigration to the United States prior to..."

Tags:IMMIGRATION

Abstract
This paper examines the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II by comparing this action with the freedom experienced by German-Americans during the same period. The author questions the inherent racism of Americans that enabled such an occurrence to be legally sanctioned, while German-Americans lived their lives freely, although Hitler and Germany were also enemies of America during World War II. The paper then presents a detailed background of the Japanese immigrant experience in America, contrasting this with the American ideal of freedom and the reality of racism. The experiences of African and Native-Americans are also considered. The paper then describes the actual Japanese internment, which was unprecedented event in American history. The paper further states how the Internment still has an effect on the psyche of the Japanese-American population today. The author concludes that the internment of Japanese-Americans during the Second World War was one of the great tragedies of American history.

Outline:
Introduction
Background: The Japanese Experience in America
Prejudice Unleashed: The Internment Experience
Conclusion

From the Paper
" Naturally, the situation was worse the further removed from the Anglo-Saxon ideal a group might chance to be. After the Civil War, the newly reunited nation demanded a huge supply of cheap labor to build its rapidly expanding railroad network. In the West, this labor was provided, to a large extent, by settlers from Japan and China. Labor Contractors, generally Japanese or Chinese themselves actively recruited these workers and brought them to America. They helped to lay the foundations of America's industrial prosperity. White American racial attitudes combined with a nationwide railroad strike in 1877 to create the necessary conditions for a crackdown on Asian immigration. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was soon followed by other, stricter acts, in 1892, 1902, and 1904. And as White America saw little, if any difference, between Japanese and any other Asians, the anti-Chinese immigration laws were followed by a Japanese Exclusion Act in 1907. By 1924, the United States had imposed an almost total ban on all immigration from East Asia, ..."

Tags:Japanese-Americans, internment, World, War, II, immigrant, experiences

Abstract
Both the United States and Canadian World War II era leadership participated in the internment of Japanese immigrants and Japanese Americans in an effort to ensure national security. This paper reviews the historical events surrounding the Japanese internment camps of World War II. The paper also examines how Americans learned from their mistakes after this incident.

From the Paper
"Daily life in these camps was not as difficult or harsh as the work camps of Europe, however the overall happiness, prosperity, and functionality of these Japanese Americans was compromised. These people were forced to live in intimidating circumstances, behind barbed wire fences and surrounded by armed guards (Satsuki, 15). A significant percentage of those interned died from simple illnesses and injury due to inadequate or nonexistent medical care. Internees were shot for allegedly disobeying orders or trying to run away. The conditions were so unpleasant that President Roosevelt himself referred to these locations as "concentration camps" (Gallavan, and Roberts). These camps are filled with overzealous American military personnel who encouraged riots and incited unrest within the facilities."

Tags:Pearl, Harbor, Pacific, Coast, Roosevelt, Executive, Order, 9066

Abstract
In this essay, a father writes a letter to his son who died while they were in a Japanese Internment camp during World War II. Although this is a fictional account, the emotions and events depicted are vivid and based on truth. This story touches on events such as Roosevelt's order to inter Japanese citizens during the war, as well as describing the lives Japanese-Americans had made for themselves on the West Coast following their immigration to the US. The narrator also discusses the reparations the US government offered to pay Japanese-Americans following the war, questioning whether the money was worth the loss of his only son.

From the Paper
"I was so wrapped up in my own feelings that I barely realized that you were coming down with an awful cold. The cold must have lasted for weeks before I even realized that you were under the weather. Please don't get the idea that I did not care about you. I cared about you deeply but I didn't understand how badly the camp was ruining my perception of the world around me. The look in your face was becoming pale everyday yet I did nothing to help you. I was stuck in my own fear of what would happen if I would actually go and face reality. Writing this letter to you today has made me open up the wounds that will allow me to deal with the scars that were created such a long time ago."

Tags:Japanese Internment Camp, World War II, reparations, creative writing

Abstract
The paper relates that the internment of Japanese-Americans was a horrific experience and one of the darkest moments in American history. The paper then provides a chronology of the events affecting Japanese-Americans following the attacks on Pearl Harbor.

From the Paper
"Internment of Japanese Americans was a horrific experience, and one of the darkest moments in American history in that the immigrant commitment to America was ignored, as was the birthright of the children of immigrants who were born U.S. citizens, and interned anyway. So, too, was it disgraceful that the service of Japanese Americans who served in the United States military during World War II went virtually unmentioned for decades following World War II."

Tags:immigrants, racism, and, prejudice, Pearl, Harbor

Abstract
This paper examines prejudice attitudes towards Japaneses Canadians and Americans. It claims that they often report experiencing estrangement and 'identity denial' by their fellow citizens. The paper draws upon history and literature to illustrate this phenomenon. It discusses the Japanese internment in the US during WWII, Sapna Cheryan and Benoit Monin's article "Where are You Really From? - Asian Americans and Identity Denial", and Joy Kogawa's novel "Obasan".

From the Paper
"Prejudice may still exist in Canada concerning people of Japanese descent, along with occasional prejudice faced by all newer communities, as may be part of the human process of resettlement, as in Irish immigrants or yore to face considerable ostracism as did members of some Eastern European communities. Early arrivals from China certainly faced ostracism and in central Canada report that they no longer feel a 'visible' minority, the community having developed over time its place in the mainstream, distinction remaining between persons of Chinese origin long established in Canada or those seen as recent arrivals. The point made is that some differentiation or exclusion may be part of the way of the world, more than overt racism, significant only if it produces direct abuse as opposed to exclusion. Then again Kogawa refers to a British Columbia where anti-Japanese and just anti-East Asian racism does seem to have been in place. World War II and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour had pitched feeling against a visible and concentrated community that was not well known to others and suspected of pro-Japanese sympathies. The day was one of racialist thought too, distinct from racism, and lingering belief in a 'yellow peril' resulting from unregulated Asian immigration. Films, hearsay and ordinary ignorance encouraged a generalizing of Asian peoples as though all engaged in secret society activities, in a Fu Manchu motif carried from people of one origin to another."

Tags:prejudice, immigrant

Abstract
This paper explains that the Japanese people, who are among the most nationalistic people of all, try hard to preserve their ethnic homogeneity, ensuring that the population of Japan remains dominated by the Japanese and that foreign nationals are a very small percentage of the population. The author evaluates Japan's immigration policies by focusing on its labor markets, rights protection, societal identities and border security. The paper concludes that globalization of Japan's industries causes an increasing demand for skilled workers;
however, currently, Japan's immigration policy is not open enough to welcome foreign workers and businesses as compared to the policies of
Singapore and Hong Kong, which leaves Japan behind in terms of economic globalization. The paper includes several quotations.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Japan's Immigration Policy: An Evaluation through a Study of the Policies' Evolution
Japan's Immigration Policy: In Comparison to Other Countries' Policy
The Effects of Japan's Immigration Policies

From the Paper
"In terms of maximum period of stay for foreign workers, Japan currently grants a maximum of only three years; surprisingly too short for a worker who wants to establish a good future; and surprisingly too short as compared again to other more developed countries. In terms of the employment status of foreign workers, on the other hand, considering the claim of Japan on their strict policy on limiting, or even preventing, foreign unskilled workers, it is surprising that "entertainers" and "trainees" coming from neighboring Asian countries are categorized under skilled workers."

Tags:nationalistic, security, debate, diversity, migration