Abstract
This paper discusses the building materials in Japanese architecture, including the use of wood and the Metabolists. The paper explains how the Japanese cultural expression is found in its architecture and choice of materials.

From the Paper
"Japan is an ancient society with a unique culture and history and a distinctly Japanese architectural style. In general, architectural styles and specifically the building materials used in a country region or a culture's man made structures reflect available materials. In Italy and ancient Greece, for example, the presence of vast caches of marble and limestone led to the development of temples, civic structures and private residences made of these substances. In Japan, wood was used extensively in the..."

Tags:architecture, Japan, castles, Metabolists

From the Paper
"Throughout his life Frank Lloyd Wright (1869-1959) denied that Japanese architecture had any influence on his own work. He did, however, allow that Japanese prints had exerted an important influence on him. Curiously, Wright has often been taken at his word on this subject, even though there is a great deal of evidence that shows he was, for whatever reason, creating a personal legend in which his creativity owed very little to one of its major sources. The visual evidence of the work itself, scholarly digging into possible influences, and even the nature of the Japanese prints that were admitted to be an influence all demonstrate that Wright was protesting too much. Japanese architecture, whether it was seen in photographs, in person, in the prints, or even seen through the eyes of a mentor, was a major influence on Wright's creation of his theory of organic ..."

Abstract
This in-depth paper explores the architecture of Japan from ancient times to the present day which has changed drastically. The writer discusses how Buddhism as a religion entered Japan and brought with it the architectural influences of the Chinese and Korean cultures which Japan adopted and made its own. While these historical monuments still remain and are cherished this form and material of their creation are no longer used. This paper examines the architectural artistry in Japan which is described as a dynamic art form that reflects the society and era in which it was introduced. Topics covered in this report include: Thesis Statement Abstract Influences Background Analysis Conclusion Thesis Support References

From the Paper
"Under the influence of the West, modern Japanese architecture has come to regard rigid, steel-frame concrete-stiffened construction as the exemplar. Not only is the idea of balancing poles quite alien to this rigid style of construction, but, more fundamentally, this tradition, which regards a building as semi-permanent and therefore fixed and immutable, simply cannot accommodate the notion of a structure that moves about. Symbolically it is possible to present that the hanging pillar represents the final stage in the evolution of the shinbashira as a religious symbol. If the anchored pillar is seen as representing the gods dwelling within the earth and the pillar on a stone base as representing the gods on the earth, the suspended pillar may be taken to represent the gods of the skies."

Tags:japan, asia, history, structure, religion, buddhism, architecture, culture

Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of green architecture which simply means building in a way that is in harmony to nature, as opposed to being superimposed on it. This research demonstrates through example how green architecture in Japan is a direct result of traditional elements found in Japanese religion and culture. The paper provides examples of different "green" architects and some of their works.

Table of Contents

Defining Green Architecture
An Overview of Japanese Philosophy
Building Material for Green Architecture
Environmental Psychology
Blending the Old with the New
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Man has been building structures since shortly after they began to emerge from caves and to explore areas outside his immediate vicinity. Many animals build structures, such as birds and beaver. Many of these structures are functional and serve only to offer protection from predators and the elements, and so it was with the first structures built by man. They were made from the limited building materials locally available and the emphasis was on functionality, little, if any thought was given to artistic form."

Tags:building, structures, harmony, nature, oriental, shinto, feng, shui, environmental, psychology

Abstract
This essay will argue that a key point of disagreement, and eventual harmonization, in this "conversation" revolved around the role of nature in the architecture of Japanese temples. While earlier Shinto models reflected a Japanese aesthetic of harmonization with nature, the Buddhist temple architecture imported directly from the Asian mainland emphasized a more abstract and monumental disregard for the natural environment. Through an analysis of the similarities and the differences of Japanese Shinto shrine and Buddhist temple design, this essay will outline the parameters of this conversation between native and foreign forms in Japanese architecture.

Abstract
In this article the writer takes a look at the similarities that exist in architectural design and fashion design in today's highly technologically advanced and globalized society. The writer points out that fashion and architectural design have passed through many phases as design technology has furthered the possibilities in design. The writer notes that it is now acknowledged among experts in the field, that architectural and fashion design intersect quite often in today's environment of designing products that are both attractive and that will serve the owner well. This study is of a qualitative nature and collects data in the form of information in these two design fields and then conducts what is an interpretive analysis of the information garnered from this study.

Table of Contents:
Chapter One
Background
Research Design
Statement of the Problem
Purpose of the Study
Definition of Terms
Chapter Two
The Connection between Fashion and Architecture
Historical Trends in Fashion & Architecture
Impacts of Globalization & Technology on Design
Conclusion
Chapter Three
Discussion of Major Trends & Analysis
Data Collection - A Survey of Modern Designs, Designers, Photos, & Theory
Data Analysis - Criteria: Function versus Image-Statement
An Exploration of a Couple of Modern Japanese Fashion Designers' Work
An Exploration of Hussein Chalayan's Work
Chapter Four
Technology
Importance Of Materials
New Technologies -Quest For New Textiles
How Techno-Textiles Have Increased The Possibilities Of Both Architecture And Fashion
How Do They Work In Practice?
Chapter Five
Conclusion
Is the Interaction Between Fashion And Architecture A Positive Outcome Of Our Modern Life?
Where Do We Go From Here? What Will The Future Of Fashion And Architectural Design Look Like?
Recommendations For Future Research

From the Paper
"Today's architectural design and fashion design work have penetrated each others space. Fabrics are used in fashion design to create texture, color and to bring the design elements together into a whole. Architectural design uses the materials for building in much the same way and for the same purpose as each material, whether in fashion or architectural design creates a different effect on the same design. This research views the clothing of an individual making to shelter and provides a definition of our personal space such as do architectural structures although on a much larger scale. Fashion in clothing has allowed express in society for many millions of years. Generally it is those who have attained status within their cultural grouping that have the power to become trend-setters. Furthermore, color is greatly used as a matter of personal choice. Fashions vary greatly dependent upon age, social class, generation, occupation and geography. Fashion evolves constantly particularly in a capitalist society."

Tags:design, architectural, material, clothing

Abstract
The early world of architecture is believed to have come from five individual civilizations: the central Asian area, the Mediterranean basin, central and northern Europe, eastern Asia, and the Americas. This paper presents an overview of the evolution of houses and shelters. It begins with the most primitive people who did not build dwellings at all, although the animals around them did. It discusses the advent of housing structures at different times in different cultures and describes some of the techniques that were tried and discarded as inefficient.

From the Paper
"Several building techniques have been invented over time and those that were ineffective were quickly disposed of. Building techniques have varied depending on the materials used and by the customs that certain nations had. "Some civilizations are essentially temple or tomb builders, like Egypt; some are chiefly creators of vast structures for general public use, like the Romans; some are known especially for their palaces, like the Baroque European powers of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries." ( Hamlin, pp. 5)
"The first complex shelters that people built were round huts built out of wood and hides or out of stones. The first people to build huts chose to build them partly underground. They are named round pit dwellings. Such structures were initially conic and people later discovered that they became more effective when they had vertical walls. As hut building began to evolve, people started to arrange them in a specific pattern with the intention of making a complex building of larger dimensions."

Tags:pit dwellings, mud-brick construction Japanese cave-dwellers

Abstract
The traditional Japanese home is based on Ma - the balance between space and objects. The space is divided by shoji screens, which slide on wooden tracks and can be detached to let the outside in. This paper discusses the history of shoji screens and how it influenced western design.

From the Paper
"Shoji has been used in modern Western homes in various ways. Large pane windows with unpleasant views are roofed with shoji to improve the overall appearance. Walls are covered with shoji to increase the sense of spaciousness as well as to add more light through the screen's natural reflecting qualities. A pair of shoji sliding doors is ideal for bathrooms, and space-saving shoji doors function as a closet. For the bathroom, waterproof material often is built-in with the shoji."

Tags:tatami, mats, Commodore, Perry, architecture

Abstract
This paper compares and contrast the English Archigram movement and the Japanese Metabolist group. It explains how these English Archigram movement embraced pop culture and high tech innovation and designed imaginary cities of the future where buildings walk and cities move. The author explores how the Metabolist group incorporated traditional Japanese architectural ideas into the Modernist idiom.

From the Paper
"According to the Oxford Dictionary of Architecture an architect is a person capable of preparing the plans elevations and sections of a design of a sophisticated building with an aesthetic content and to supervise its construction ..."

Tags:Archigram

Metabolist, Japanese

Modernism

Abstract
The paper discusses Japanese art, largely influenced by Zen Buddhism, which has left its mark in white and black ink art, buildings, gardens, and the graphics in the tea-ceremony rooms. The paper mentions the Horyu-ji Temple as the first and finest example of the use of Korean and Chinese Buddhism in Japan. The paper also makes reference to the art of Jomon culture and the Kofun or Tumulus period and notes that it was in the mid-sixth century that Buddhism reached Japan. The paper highlights the concepts of Buddhism and states that its culture was introduced by Korea into Japan. This began Japan's first cultural awakening and the history of what today is recognized as Japanese art.

From the Paper
"The Shaka Triad is one of the oldest bronze images. It is located in the Golden Hall. It is six feet tall and was designed by the the famous sculptor Tori Busshi. Its image displays the Buddha Shakyamuni sitting between two Bodhisattvas. The Shaka has his legs crossed. His hands are placed in one of a number of mudras. "He has a protuberance on his head and a third eye that indicate extraordinary knowledge and vision and are among some twenty three bodily signs introduced by the Mahayana Buddhist to indicate [shaka's] superhuman qualities" (Varley, 1984:26). The empress Suiko asked Tori Busshi to make the statue after Shotoku Taishi, the leader of Horyu-ji, died. "

Tags:religious, political, conflict, architectural, doctrinal