Abstract
The following paper will look at the Japanese occupation of Indonesia in the period 1942-45. Specifically, the paper will look at how the arrival of the Japanese clearly spelled the end of the ancient colonial rule of the Dutch; in that regard, it really meant the end of the silly and quaint notion that Caucasians were somehow superior to those of darker skin. The paper will then look at the Japanese's acknowledgement of Indonesian nationalism (which may, ultimately, have proved a mistake) and at the Japanese administration's relatively enlightened treatment of the Mataram Dynasty in Java; the set of precepts set down for the princes during this period reflects a military administration smart enough to know that it had enough global enemies and did not need any more. The essay will subsequently glance at how the Japanese sought to win over the support of the kikayi and the ulama through aggressive education programs and some comments will be made about the unintended positive benefits which derived from the repressive Japanese occupation. Last of all, the paper will address the question of why the Japanese, who do not appear to have been any more brutal in their own way than the Dutch were in theirs (and had the added benefit of being Asian) never quite managed to gain the grudging tolerance of the Indonesian people. In the final analysis, two things will emerge from this paper: the Japanese were more enlightened in Indonesia than one might expect; and, just as significantly, they were never going to (within the time-span of the Second World War) gain complete acceptance in Indonesia - no matter how many concessions they granted to the Mataram dynasty - because they were a horde of conquerors from abroad simply doing what the Dutch had already done.

From the Paper
The Japanese Occupation of Indonesia in 1942-45 and why the Japanese Never Win the Struggle for Hearts and Minds despite Freeing Indonesia from Dutch Control The following paper will look at the Japanese occupation of Indonesia in the period 1942-45. Specifically, the paper will look at how the arrival of the Japanese clearly spelled the end of the ancient colonial rule of the Dutch; in that regard, it really meant the end of the silly and quaint notion that Caucasians were somehow superior to those of darker skin. The paper will then look at the Japanese's acknowledgement of Indonesian nationalism (which may, ultimately, have proved a mistake) and at the

Tags:indonesia, dutch, japanese

Abstract
This paper examines the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II by comparing this action with the freedom experienced by German-Americans during the same period. The author questions the inherent racism of Americans that enabled such an occurrence to be legally sanctioned, while German-Americans lived their lives freely, although Hitler and Germany were also enemies of America during World War II. The paper then presents a detailed background of the Japanese immigrant experience in America, contrasting this with the American ideal of freedom and the reality of racism. The experiences of African and Native-Americans are also considered. The paper then describes the actual Japanese internment, which was unprecedented event in American history. The paper further states how the Internment still has an effect on the psyche of the Japanese-American population today. The author concludes that the internment of Japanese-Americans during the Second World War was one of the great tragedies of American history.

Outline:
Introduction
Background: The Japanese Experience in America
Prejudice Unleashed: The Internment Experience
Conclusion

From the Paper
" Naturally, the situation was worse the further removed from the Anglo-Saxon ideal a group might chance to be. After the Civil War, the newly reunited nation demanded a huge supply of cheap labor to build its rapidly expanding railroad network. In the West, this labor was provided, to a large extent, by settlers from Japan and China. Labor Contractors, generally Japanese or Chinese themselves actively recruited these workers and brought them to America. They helped to lay the foundations of America's industrial prosperity. White American racial attitudes combined with a nationwide railroad strike in 1877 to create the necessary conditions for a crackdown on Asian immigration. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was soon followed by other, stricter acts, in 1892, 1902, and 1904. And as White America saw little, if any difference, between Japanese and any other Asians, the anti-Chinese immigration laws were followed by a Japanese Exclusion Act in 1907. By 1924, the United States had imposed an almost total ban on all immigration from East Asia, ..."

Tags:Japanese-Americans, internment, World, War, II, immigrant, experiences

Abstract
The paper discusses how females have had a major impact on Japanese literature. The paper focuses on two women in particular, Sei Shonagon and Murasaki Shikibu, who were attendants in the court of the Empress in the Heian Period, and wrote influential and widely read books that reflected the society they lived in, yet are relevant in today's world as well. The paper notes that an ancient Japanese proverb called Onna-Taki, or Woman Hill, named for the area's tradition of female-headed clans, says, "If a man from any other place weds a woman from this place, he will die and wither immediately" ("Catalog"). The paper highlights how this proverb represents the strength of ancient Japanese women writers, and the influence they exerted over Japanese literature and society.

From the Paper
"Females have had a major impact on Japanese literature. Two women in particular, Sei Shonagon and Murasaki Shikibu, who were attendant's in the court of the Empress in the Heian Period, wrote influential and widely read books that reflected the society they lived in, yet are relative in..."

Tags:japanese, females, literature

Abstract
This paper focuses on two chapters from Brett De Bary's translation of 'Origins of Modern Japanese Literature' by Karatani Kojin. This paper introduces a distinctively Japanese regard for landscape in relation to literature, and discusses what Kojin referred to as the `discovery of Interiority'. The paper reviews these chapters as they are a helpful introduction to other trends in modern Japanese literature before the rise of militarism.The rise in militarism heralded the War in the Pacific that brought the destruction of the Japanese`modern' order as it is known.

From the Paper
"Foreign influence of the later 19th century inspired reflection on Japanese literature hitherto shaped by Confucian/Chinese literary culture. Several reformers appeared, esp. Soseki of early 20th century to inspire a strongly Japanese expression; focus on landscape as background for human activity, and conveying of human psychology. Expression then delayed by rise of Japanese militarism in 1920s and 1930s; much of what we understand, now, did not surface strongly till after 1949. Mainly course material references."

Tags:19th/20thc, japanese, lit/theory

Abstract
In this essay, a father writes a letter to his son who died while they were in a Japanese Internment camp during World War II. Although this is a fictional account, the emotions and events depicted are vivid and based on truth. This story touches on events such as Roosevelt's order to inter Japanese citizens during the war, as well as describing the lives Japanese-Americans had made for themselves on the West Coast following their immigration to the US. The narrator also discusses the reparations the US government offered to pay Japanese-Americans following the war, questioning whether the money was worth the loss of his only son.

From the Paper
"I was so wrapped up in my own feelings that I barely realized that you were coming down with an awful cold. The cold must have lasted for weeks before I even realized that you were under the weather. Please don't get the idea that I did not care about you. I cared about you deeply but I didn't understand how badly the camp was ruining my perception of the world around me. The look in your face was becoming pale everyday yet I did nothing to help you. I was stuck in my own fear of what would happen if I would actually go and face reality. Writing this letter to you today has made me open up the wounds that will allow me to deal with the scars that were created such a long time ago."

Tags:Japanese Internment Camp, World War II, reparations, creative writing

Abstract
This paper discusses the issues that a Japanese firm would face upon entering a Western market in a joint venture. The Western market that is being targeted is the Swedish market. The paper argues that the Japanese firm requires some control and monitoring structures as well as organizational guidelines because of the differences in culture and the social context in which the firm will be situated. Finally, the paper shows how the Japanese firm must adapt to the host country culture because of the circumstances involved.

From the Paper
"This document discusses the issues that a Japanese firm would face upon entering a Western market in a joint venture. The Western market that is being targeted is the Swedish market. The Japanese firm requires some control and monitoring structures as well as organizational guidelines because of the differences in culture and the social context in which the firm will be situated. Finally, the Japanese firm must adapt to the host country culture because of the circumstances involved."

Tags:japanese, firm, sweden

Abstract
This paper looks at the factors related to the group orientedness of Japanese culture. It describes how the attributes of collectivism, the concept of Amae, and the kinship family structure of the Japanese extends itself to become attributes of the larger social structure. The paper explains how because of this, Japanese culture has developed a culture of group orientedness.

From the Paper
"An interesting phenomenon about Asian culture is its collective nature. This phenomenon found in so many Asian cultures is developed from projecting attributes of family life into the greater cultural system. Unlike the individualism of western cultures, Asian cultures tend to place individuality second to the family and community values and structures. Particular attributes of the Asian culture's social structure include this innate disposition to promote social and family goals over individual goals. Families are more hierarchical in nature and are authoritative with older children, however parenting is more relaxed with children younger..."

Tags:amae, collectivism, japanese

Abstract
The paper discusses Impressionism, Japanese woodblock prints and how Impressionism was affected by the Japanese. The paper explains how Impressionism began as a rebellion by four students who were tired of the conventional art strategies. The paper relates that many art critics believed the artists were crazy with their designs, but today these paintings are considered art. The paper explains that different artists and Japanese prints and artists have made Impressionism become a recognized art.

From the Paper
"Impressionism Begins as a Rebellion. Four art friends rebel against contemporary art to create an artist style called Impressionism. Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley and Frederic Brazille were friends who had attended painting classes together. The conventional art at that time was centered on history and Greek mythology with dark colors, which many young artists thought was quite boring. These four artists went into the forest of Fortainbleau and started painting outside."

Tags:impressionism, japanese, monet

Abstract
This paper discusses Americans playing for Japanese leagues, and Japanese playing for American leagues. Through the years there has been a great deal of cultural tension, yet, through baseball these tensions are beginning to change. The paper shows that Japanese players in the American baseball leagues are making a significant cultural impact. Americans playing in Japan are affecting the culture as well.

From the Paper
"Research indicates that in 1934 Babe Ruth led a group of professional American players to tour Japan. During that visit the Japanese were so impressed by the players, and the game, that they began to form their own leagues within a few years. Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Japanese baseball was not considered seriously by professional athletes. Furthermore, there were no suggestions that Americans play for Japanese teams. Yet, as time progressed, and tensions eased between the two countries, some American players began to consider that the Japanese leagues might be where they belonged in the sport. It was also true that American managers decided to take a chance at working in the realm of Japanese baseball. And, as the world has begun to change, Japanese players have been enticed to attempt to play in the American baseball leagues."

Tags:japanese, american, baseball

Abstract
This paper discusses how three Japanese poems reflect the values of traditional Japanese culture. The poems under consideration are: "Crafty Fox," "Yellow Earth," and "My Poetry."

From the Paper
"No account of Japanese art whether visual or textual can be complete without reference to the highly traditional and highly honored value system of historic Japan. Contemporary values of Japan can be traced as far back as the..."

Tags:Japanese, values, Bushido, serenity, poetry