Abstract
This paper discusses three literary works that illustrate issues of race and racism during World war II. The paper reviews "Double Victory" written by Ronald T. Takaki, explaining the Selective Service Act, the epitome of segregation in the U.S. army. "War Without Mercy" by John Dower is outlined, illustrating the fact that the American people despised Japan more than they despised Germany during the Second World War. The paper contends that this was partially due to racism. The paper also describes the 1937 Japanese slaughter of more than 300,000 Chinese in Nanking, China, through a review of the book "The Rape of Nanking" by Iris Chang.

From the Paper
"According to Double Victory, the U.S. Army was segregated during WWII, due to President Franklin Roosevelt's refusal to integrate the armed forces. He had signed into law the Selective Service Act, which basically, according to Takaki, "prohibited the inter-mingling of 'colored and white' army personnel in the same regiments" (p. 23). This policy angered civil rights and black advocacy organizations, as it seemed to be putting forth the notion that Uncle Sam needed black soldiers to fight for freedom, which is symbolized by the U.S. Constitution (which states that "all men are created equal"), but there would be racial segregation among the military fighting forces because blacks aren't as good as whites."

Tags:nanking, japanese, segregation

Abstract
The paper begins by examining the main causes of WWII, with a focus on Adolph Hitler and Germany's role as the major aggressor in the conflict. It examines Hitler's philosophies, his anti-Semitic sentiments and his bid to establish the Third Reich. The paper then provides a time-line of events which began with Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 and ended with the landing of Allied troops in North France on June 6th, 1944 and the dropping of the atom bomb in 1945 which forced Japan into surrendering. The paper concludes with the results of the war and a graph showing the percentage of deaths in each country involved in the war.

From the Paper
"Despite these advances, the summer of 1942 was the worst time period of the war for the Allies. Axis forces were conquering Egypt, penetrated the Caucasus and launched a giant offensive against Stalingrad and sinking Allied shipping fleets and an accelerated rate. But the Axis powers couldn't go on for very much longer. Their militaries were showing signs of wear and were getting tired. But the United States and Russia were just gearing up to fight with their huge reserves. Though the war had been going very badly for the Allied powers up to this point, the turning point came when Britain leveled the Axis in North Africa in October, 1942. Soon after this, on November 8th, 1942, the US invaded Algeria. The Americans and British were soon joined by the French Free Forces of General de Gaulle, and by the regular French forces that were passed to the Allies after the surrender of Admiral Darlan. (History Channel)"

Tags:World, War, II, Pearl, Harbor, Stalingrad, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Axis, Allied, ww2

Abstract
This paper describes the pre-World War II Japanese code machine known as Purple, and how US cryptanalysts broke it. Additionally, the paper discusses the distinction between codes and ciphers, further examining the technology of the Purple machine and the means of breaking its code. The paper concludes with an analysis of the US failure to prevent Pearl Harbor along with later successful use of decoded Japanese secret information.

From the Paper
"Prior to its entry into the Second World War the United States had no overall national intelligence-gathering and interpretation agencie. The Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the ancestor of the CIA, was only established after the US entered the war. Both the exigencies of war and the shock of the surprise attack at Pearl Harbor led to a dramatic expansion and coordination of intelligence gathering which was then institutionalized in peacetime by the National Security Act ..."

Tags:codes, OSS, Japan, crytananalysts, Pearl Harbor, ciphers, japan, intelligence (military/diplomatic), world war II, pearl harbor

Abstract
This paper describes the atomic bombing of the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. The writer gives statistics in order to highlight the devastation. Also included is an eye-witnesses' testimony. The paper concludes by posing moral questions about the bombing of innocent civilians.

From the Paper
"It was on August 6th, in the year 1945, at 8.15 AM, Japanese time, that the United States of America dropped its first ever atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, so that its usefulness to the enemy could be completely destroyed. According to the then President of the United States, the bomb "...had more power than 20,000 tones of TNT ", and it was also infinitely more powerful than the blast power that the British Grand Slam, purportedly the largest bomb in the history of the world, had. The immediate and direct consequence of the bomb was that more than four square miles of the entire city of Hiroshima were completely and irrevocably destroyed, 66,000 people were killed instantaneously, and 69,000 more were seriously injured. Three days later, another atomic bomb, equally powerful, was dropped on the city of Nagasaki, Japan, and this bomb managed to destroy about 1.5 square miles of the city, and kill about 39,000 people, while injuring 25,000 more. The very next day, the Japanese government asked to surrender, under the 'Potsdam Declaration'. "

Tags:World, War, II, atomic, bomb, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Japan, surrender

Abstract
This paper provides a chronological overview of World War II, from 1939-1945. It begins with depression torn Germany and ends with the United States bombing Japan at Hiroshima with the first atomic bomb. The paper describes the nations leaders and their political alliances, including Hitler, Churchill, Stalin and Roosevelt. The author describes the tools and battles of warfare that lead to the Allied Nations' victory

From the Paper
"World War II, which took place from 1939-1945, was waged by the Allied Nations as a struggle for freedom against the evil and totalitarian regimes that existed in Germany, Italy and Japan.

Leaders of the War
There were several leaders that made decisions that contributed to the start and end of WWII. Adolf Hitler, who became the leader of Germany during the Great Depression, is blamed for WWII. He raised German spirits by telling them of a better future and a better Germany. But in reality, he gave them a war."

Tags:wwii, allied, nations, germany, Italy, japan, 1939-1945, adolf, hitler, great, depression, joseph, stalin, europe, ussr, soviet, union, nationalism, winston, churchill, britain, franklin, roosevelt, united, states, usa, pearl, harbor, lend-lease, manhattan, project, atom, bomb, atomic

Abstract
The paper explains that the primary relationship between WWI and WWII is one that involves the continent alliances and the ideological construct of "total war" that defined major battles and nations that were involved in the conflict. However, the paper discusses how by WWII, it had become a truly global war with the involvement of Japan as a nation of the Far East that fought in the Pacific, not just in the Atlantic front of the west.

Tags:war, global, military

Abstract
This paper outlines the main events leading up to and during World War II (1939-1945). It provides a brief biography of Adolf Hitler and his beliefs and doctrines. In particular it analyzes his belief in a superior Aryan race and his hatred for the other 'inferior' races, especially the Jews. It examines the main battles and events of the war from the invasion of Poland in 1939 to the dropping of an atom bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Statistics are provided on the numbers of deaths incurred by country broken down into military and civilian.

From the Paper
"The more countries and lands they could conquer, the more power they had. But in order to win the favor of Western countries, they set themselves up as champions against communism. This gained at least partial tolerance for their earlier actions from the Western democracies. These democracies wanted peace and didn't believe that another war could begin so quickly after the first war. The military was very unprepared for what came from this tolerance."

Tags:hitler, germany, japan, allies, jews, aryans

Abstract
In an effort to determine the causes of Japan's economic and technological success following WWII, this paper examines Japan's history beginning with the signing of the peace treaty bringing an end to World War II and the years that followed. The paper reviews the peace treaty and what was demanded of Japan to bring an end to the war after the bombing of Nagasaki and examines the role of the U.S. in ruling post-war Japan. Furthermore, the paper assesses Japan's aggressive pursuit of its post-war reconstruction, including what industries were pursued and why, and then analyzes those factors that made it possible for Japan to recover in such a short time following the devastating war, becoming a major, global industrial power. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.

Introduction
Review and Analysis
Industrialization in Post-War Japan
Cultural and Demographic Factors
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The key points of these policies were simple and straightforward, and included the demilitarization of Japan (so that it would not again become a danger to peace); democratization, meaning that, while no particular form of government would be forced upon the Japanese, efforts would be made to develop a political system under which individual rights would be guaranteed and protected; and the establishment of an economy that could adequately support a peaceful and democratic Japan. Further, MacArthur shared the vision of a demilitarized and democratic Japan and he was well suited to the challenge. MacArthur was an outstanding administrator and possessed the leadership and charisma that appealed to the defeated Japanese. MacArthur did not tolerate any domestic nor foreign interference, and aggressively went about creating a new Japan. To this end, he encouraged an environment in which new forces could and did rise, and, where his reforms corresponded to trends that had already established in Japanese society, they served to play a critical part in Japan's recovery as a free and independent country (Winchester 1989)."

Tags:allies, japanese, douglas, macarthur, tokyo, occupation, potsdam, declaration, demilitarization

Abstract
This paper begins by identifying the five major ideas of the book "Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II". The paper discusses the book's relevance and educational value and includes a recommendation of this book for readers interested in learning more about the history of Japan following World War II.

Outline:
Five Major Ideas of Embracing Defeat
Relevance
Educational Value
Recommendation

From the Paper
"One of the important ideas of Embracing Defeat was the important role of MacArthur. In overseeing American interests in Japan, General Douglas MacArthur became a "new, imperious figure of authority" (Dower, 1999, p. 40). It is ironic that Japan was criticized by Americans for having a ruler who was believed to hold deity-like powers but then have MacArthur act in a similarly seemingly omnipotent manner. Even American cartoonists noticed this when they "frequently resorted to a virtually identical hand of God iconography by depicting little Japan in the palm of the Allies or receiving MacArthur's orders from on high" (Dower, 1999, p. 69).
"A second important point made by this book is the profound impact of American occupation upon Japanese culture. American attempts to establish democracy in the nation extended beyond the political realm to include reforms aimed at changing the nation's culture. The American society was constructed as an example of a "mature, Western society" whereas Japan was the epitome of "a feudalistic, Oriental culture that was cancerous in and of itself" (Dower, 1999, p. 80).
"A third major premise of the book is that this is a unique moment in history. Certainly, there have been other occupations in history, but this moment in Japan is unique for several reasons. First is the relative difference in the level of experience of the conquered and the conqueror. While America had only been involved in World War II for a few short years, Japan had been waging war for over a decade. Furthermore, this is an example of the two groups having little cultural bonds. The difference in language and customs forced America to rule Japan only indirectly because the utilization of American power directly was simply not possible."

Tags:Nagasaki, atom, bomb, Emperor, MacArthur

Abstract
This paper gives a biographical overview of Japan's activities and relationships with the different super powers. The treatment of Japanese people during World War II is also addressed.