From the Paper
"Since its original publication in 1971, Jane Goodall's pioneering field study of chimpanzees, "In the Shadow of Man", has become a classic of animal behavior study, and has made Goodall herself a household name and something of a celebrity. This is not simply because of the pioneering nature of her work. Equally important was the nature of the animals she studied: chimpanzees, creatures which are both fascinating and the closest evolutionary cousins to the human race--a view lately reaffirmed, as Stephen J. Gould notes in the Introduction to the revised edition--in the face of some earlier speculation that orangutans or even gorillas might be closer to us.

By implication, Goodall's study is not simply a behavioral study of another animal species, even one interesting and related ... "

Abstract
This paper details Goodall's extensive research into primate behavior, which began in the early 1960s and would continue for many years. This paper reviews Goodall's groundbreaking book, in which the author found many similarities between chimpanzee society and human society. This book delves into how Goodall began her research by fitting into the primate society. This paper discusses the manner in which Goodall personalized her subjects by giving them names and in some ways anthropomorphizing them in her description of their behavior, which runs counter to any scientific study of primate behavior in itself. Goodall's book also delves into how the chimpanzees began to accept the author and researcher as one of their own. Goodall did not write this book as a scientific report but as a popular account of her life in Africa and her interactions with chimpanzees. The writer of this paper explains why author and anthropologist Jane Goodall has become a key figure in the field of primate research.

From the Paper
"Goodall found many similarities between chimpanzee society and human society, noting how interesting it is when she finds something that is different about chimp society in the exclusion of the male from familial responsibilities, calling this "perhaps one of the major differences between human and chimpanzee societies, for most human family groups look upon the father not only as the begetter of the children but as the protector, and usually as the provider of food, or land, or money." However, she also notes that at the time, women were demanding more equality so that the role of the males was being questions, though she also says this is only happening in a very small minority of cultures." It is not clear what it would mean if this were more widespread, whether it would reflect something innate in primates that only emerged when society changed, or whether it occurs in chimpanzee society for some similar reason."

Tags:animal, chimpanzee, primate, research, africa, tanzania, anthropology

Abstract
The Kaulong peoples of Papua New Guinea devote their lives to moving from the lowest status to politically "big men" and "big women" by displaying their accumulation of knowledge at all-night singing competitions, ending in a pig sacrifice and feasting. This paper shows how, in the course of her fieldwork with the Kaulong, who live on the island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea, Jane Goodall discovered and cataloged that everything of importance to them; every event, relationship, and transaction was rooted in their constant quest for recognition as human beings. The paper explains how Goodall takes considerable time to determine both the Kaulong definition of human and catalog the tribal rituals and relationships that build into the Kaulong definition.

Paper Outline
Introduction
The Benefit of Goodall's Research
The Environment
Knowledge Management and the Identity of the Self
Kinship and Family
Courtship and Marriage
Sexuality, Gender and Family Order
Economics
Taro
Pork
Gold Lipped Pearl Shells
Sorcery
Culture and Ceremony
Bibliography

From the Paper
"The courtship and marriage ritual among the Kaulong is viewed as adversarial to the man. The females in the tribe begin the courting ritual, and many men feel as if marriage will ruin them. The male's identity, as seen in the list of attributed above, is based on traveling, hunting, fighting, and being an individual with great knowledge. A marriage relationship hinders men from freely pursuing many of these traits. For these reasons the women chase the men, at times pursuing them with sticks and whips. Men are beaten by an interested female. Some men put off marriage until late in life. Others, who are caught unwillingly, will spend their first weeks in a marriage hut surrounded by brothers of the new bride. These brothers will not leave until the man pays them off, and assures them that he will not desert his new bride in favor of roaming the jungle."

Tags:taim, bilong, enu, mokmok

Abstract
This paper discusses recent primate studies that suggest there are more degrees of intelligence and more kinds of intelligence in the animal kingdom than was thought possible. The paper stresses that observing chimpanzees in the wild affords more opportunities to see intelligent behavior than observing them in zoos or other captive environments. The author points out that having learned that chimpanzees in the wild medicate themselves as needed, humans are learning about medications from these chimpanzees.

From the Paper
"Jane Goodall has been a key figure in primate studies and helped initiate the ChimpanZoo project to compare behaviors in the wild with behaviors in captivity. Such interdisciplinary studies help researchers understand observed behaviors in both settings. Research in the wild serves to counter many of the stereotypical views of primates that people have developed form only seeing these animals in the zoo, an artificial environment which distorts some behavior."

Tags:wild, behavior, zoos, captive, medications

Abstract
This paper briefly argues that Bronte's Jane Eyre is a new kind of woman and that she is, far from perpetuating inherited sexism, a prototype for a new kind of feminist woman who is not afraid to be bold. The paper further notes that she is not afraid to stand up for herself as best as she is able. Beyond that, she strives professionally and she is unafraid to resist Rochester's urgent plea that they both flee to France and live as man and wife even though his first wife wife is still alive. Jane does not resist because she values conventionality so much as she declines because she values her own self-respect.

From the Paper
"The following essay will briefly argue that Bronte's Jane Eyre is a new kind of woman and that she is, far from perpetuating inherited sexism, a prototype for a new kind of feminist woman who is not afraid to be bold (Jane has little reservation, it seems, about speaking the truth as the truth manifests itself to her) and she is not afraid to stand up for herself as best as she is able. Beyond that, she strives professionally for things (even if the things to which she can aspire are limited by the institutional barriers of her time) and she is unafraid to resist Rochester's urgent plea that they both flee to France and live as man and..."

Tags:character, analysis, jane

Abstract
The essay entitled On Jane Eyre is a study of certain chapters from the famous nineteenth century novel about a plucky English orphaned girl trying to survive and established herself as an autonomous woman in a world. The paper cites how this was extremely difficult because of the social and religious constraints in which she lived. The paper concludes that the character Jane was able to do so through a combination of pluck and luck.

From the Paper
"Charlotte Bronte subtitled her novel "An Autobiography," and there doubtlessly was much in the novel that was autobiographical in the sense that Bronte had to struggle against the confines of Victorian England. Social and religious conventions sharply limited what women were able to do. Jane Eyre could not consider marrying above her station. She was expected to follow religious examples, many of which involves seriously destructive attitudes. As a woman, she was expected to produce children, but even modest displays of sexual activity were considered shocking. When Mrs. Fairfax see Rochester kissing, she regards it as such a serious..."

Tags:b /ronte, jane eyre, victorianism

Abstract
The paper relates that Jane Addams was born in Cedarville, Illinois on September 6, 1860 to Sarah and John Addams. The paper explains that because of a congenital spinal defect, Jane was not physically active as a child, and despite successful surgery for her spinal condition, she never enjoyed robust health. Yet, the paper relates that despite these obstacles, she lived a long and active life of service to the poor and the underprivileged, and earned worldwide acclaim as an historical leader of social reform and a pioneer of social work in the United States.

From the Paper
"Jane Addams was born in Cedarville, Illinois on September 6, 1860 to Sarah and John Addams. Because of a congenital spinal defect, she was not physically active as a child, and despite successful surgery for her spinal condition, she never enjoyed robust health. Yet despite these obstacles, she lived a long and active life of service to the poor and the underprivileged, and earned worldwide acclaim as an historical leader of social reform and a pioneer of social work in the United States."

Tags:jane, addams, biography

Abstract
This essay examines the issues of eating in Victorian society through Charlotte Bronte's novel, "Jane Eyre. She uses food as an example of the extent to which Victorian society maintained control over the individual. Other areas explored are in the essay include societal rules, class, morality, sexuality, power and control.

From the Paper
"Women did, in fact, have a source of power over men; but the nature of Victorian society ensured that this power remained hidden. Sex, and in particular, female sexuality, were concepts considered too scandalous and immoral to be recognized. Bront therefore employs imagery of eating and starvation to explore the relationship between Jane and Rochester. Jane asserts that "to taste but the crumbs he scattered was to feast genially" (p.243); she is satisfied with just a little romantic attention. Rochester, however, is desperate to possess: "we must become one flesh without delay, Jane" (p.440). The sexual power Jane holds over Rochester can be illustrated when she refuses his company at dinner: they will not eat together until they are married and she "can't help it" (p.268). In this case, the intimacy of eating together replicates the intimacy of sex, and Jane is holding back."

Tags:bronte, charlotte, eating, eyre, food, jane, society, victorian, sex, female, power, women, trust, rules, beliefs, attitudes, victorian

Abstract
The paper relates that not all scientific study involves experimentation; observation is the starting point for the scientific method, and it can also be a method of inquiry, with the researcher compiling data based entirely on observation, drawing conclusions from the data, and proposing a hypothesis to be tested not by experimentation but through subsequent observation. The paper looks at an example of such a study that is offered by Jane Goodall in her observations of apes in the wild.

From the Paper
"Not all scientific study involves experimentation. Observation is the starting point for the scientific method, and it can also be a method of inquiry, with the researcher compiling data based entirely on observation, drawing conclusions from the data, and proposing a hypothesis to be tested not by experimentation but through subsequent observation. An example of such a study is offered by Jane Goodall in her observations of apes in the wild. Primate studies are undertaken because primates are considered the animals closest to humans so that data on primates is partially transferable to humans. Such studies provide data for studies of human evolution, the..."

Tags:primate, studies, goodall

Abstract
The paper defines the word consciousness and questions whether chimpanzees and other apes do indeed possess all three traits that make up consciousness as we know it: language, self-awareness, and theory of mind. The paper gives examples from animal communication research which show that they perhaps do possess these traits. It then looks at the critics of this theory who claim that the difference between the human and ape consciousness is vast and that apes cannot really claim to possess language, self-awareness and a theory of mind skills.

From the Paper
"One of the original researchers using sign language with apes, Herb Terrace is now a critic. Terrace placed a chimpanzee named Nim in a community of people using sign language to see if he would pick up the language, but found that only by bribing him with treats did he learn (Wynne 52). Terrace realized that Nim was simply using signs that his trainers had used in their question, so in effect he was just echoing what had been said (Wynne 52). Regarding Washoe's description of a swan as "waterbird," it is noted that perhaps she was simply naming two things she saw, water and bird. As far as Kanzi's ability to pick up symbolic language from observation of her mother's training, it must be noted that Kanzi was rewarded for her use of symbols and usually given the things that she named (Wynne 52)."

Tags:Great, Ape, Project, Washsoe, Kanzi, Herb, Terrace, Jane, Goodall