This paper discusses how "The Scientist" is viewed, using 'The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA' by JamesWatson.
675 words (approx. 2.7 pages), 1 source, 2005, $ 26.95
Abstract This paper discusses the portrayal of "The Scientist" in JamesWatson's 'The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA'. The article reflects a view of science as a highly competitive field in which scientists are men (Watson's scientists being generally male, with the notable exception of Rosalind Franklin) driven by a mingling of competition and collaboration. As this essay demonstrates, the view of scientists in this account is of flawed, if often great, human beings whose achievements are the product of cross-fertilization in a community of scholars driven by personal ambition and personality.
From the Paper "The portrayal of "The Scientist" in James Watson's 'The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA' reflects a view of science as a highly competitive field in which scientists are men (Watson's scientists being generally male, with the notable exception of Rosalind Franklin) driven by a mingling of competition and collaboration. As this essay demonstrates, the view of scientists in this account is of flawed, if often great, human beings whose achievements are the product of cross-fertilization in a community of scholars driven by personal ambition and personality."
Abstract This paper looks at the discovery of DNA by JamesWatson and Francis Crick and other scientists. It describes the structure of the DNA molecule and how it replicates, how mistakes in replication are corrected, and how replication is semi-conservative. It then looks at transcription and translation, and gives an example of a 3 codon sequence, its DNA code, its mRNA translation, and the amino acids it codes for.
Reviews James D. Watson's "The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA" from the viewpoint of his involvement with Dr. Linus Pauling.
Abstract Although JamesWatson is the main protagonist and hero of his book "The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA", this paper reviews his scientific and personal relationships with Dr. Linus Pauling The author describes an episode from the book in which Pauling meets Watson and is joined by Watson's sister Elizabeth, whom Watson wants to hook up with Pauling, not knowing that he was already married. The paper is written creatively in the voice of Dr. Pauling.
From the Paper "One day when Watson was doing his research in Copenhagen working on his DNA discoveries, he received some journal articles that I had written, that were sent over from the U.S. He later told me when we met in London that he did not understand everything I was saying in the language of lab chemistry, but that he liked some of my interesting sentences. He said that when he writes his book to tell the world how he discovered the DNA secrets, he would write it in a way that would be fun to read even for a person not up to speed in deep math and chemistry."
Abstract This paper explains that Francis Crick and JamesWatson are the only names associated with the discovery of the DNA molecule; however, many scientists were involved. The author points out that the technological applications of DNA-science have led to a wide variety of advances in crop production, livestock development, forensic sciences, law enforcement, paternity testing and practically limitless therapeutic medical uses. The author then discusses the latest and most controversial DNA-based research - stem cell science. The author of the paper contends that the primary impetus for the opposition to stem cell research from religious beliefs as well as their intrusion into secular law and bioethics, represents an entanglement of church and state in violation of U.S. constitutional principles.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Background and History of Discovery
Technological Relevance of DNA Science
Modern Applications of DNA Science
Ethical Controversies
Conclusion
From the Paper "In addition to providing the organs themselves, stem cell technology will also revolutionize the entire organ transplant field by eliminating the need for careful screening and tissue matching, and especially, for anti-rejection drugs. Presently, organ transplantation - whether from living donors or cadavers - requires the recipient to take powerful anti-rejection medications to suppress the body's natural response to foreign tissue, usually for life. Immune-system suppression are a necessary and worthwhile consequence of foreign organ implantation, but only because the alternative is premature death."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the two men who worked together, merging data from chemistry, physics, and biology to produce the DNA model the double helix, which earned them the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology.
From the Paper "The Cambridge setting is where Watson first met Francis Crick, a man that was as influential to the discovery of the double helix structure as Watson himself. Watson and Crick soon began having daily lunches to discuss the many aspects of DNA. One point of view that brought them together was their mutual stress on DNA over proteins, which many scientists thought proteins to be more important. Watson and Crick shared an attraction to DNA, and when they wound up in the same University of Cambridge lab, they bonded. To summarize the events after their collaboration, "They used several models and a trial and error method to make their historical discovery" (Portugal 264). Watson drifted from pure science into administration. As director of the molecular-biology lab at Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., he turned it into a scientific powerhouse. He also served as "head of the Human Genome Project, absorbing some fallout from the high-energy ethical debates whose fuse he and Crick had lighted nearly four decades earlier" (Watson 1). "
Abstract Nursing theorists have been popular in nursing since the days of Florence Nightingale and have continued through to the present. This paper highlights Rosemarie Parse's theory of human becoming as well as Jean Watson's theory of human caring. This is then followed with a discussion of how their theories and philosophies are similar, how their theories are dissimilar and finally what other theories in nursing are related to each of these theories.
From the Paper "It is considered beyond the scope of the paper to discuss each theorist's theory in detail. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse's theory Rosemarie Parse's theory of human becoming is built on concepts that are considered inter-subjective, relying on an interpersonal environment from which to create meaning and allow for personal growth (Bjorklund, 2000). Parse offered this theory in 1981 as an alternative to the standard bio-medical model emphasized in the 1960s and 1970s (Cody, n.d.). "
Abstract This paper discusses use of DNA as crime scene evidence. Science has added a weapon to the crime lab's arsenal. From a drop of blood, strands of hair, or other biological material left at the crime scene, scientists can provide a much better "fingerprint", namely DNA.
Abstract This essay will explore the risks of DNA research and genetic cloning in the context of Michael Crichton's book "Jurassic Park". While this paper will recognize the benefits of DNA testing, its main argument will be that, while Crichton's book is somewhat exaggerated and unrealistic, the basic warning is legitimate: that there is a certain point where man's creation can hurt humanity itself.
Abstract This paper relates that scientists have deciphered every last one of the 3 billion DNA "letters" in the human body. The author points out that the completed DNA sequence is now expected to give scientists understandings about the workings of the human body that have never been made before. The paper stresses that this development will revolutionize medicine and biology.
Abstract This paper discusses how the courts have sent innocent people to prison as well as sentencing innocent people to death row. Most people would want the courts to use evidence that can correctly punish the guilty and set free those who are innocent. The paper further discusses how DNA evidence works to link the guilty with the crime they commit and it allows the innocent to go free. DNA as evidence is vital in making the right decisions about crime.
From the Paper "Imagine sending an innocent person to prison on charges that he or she did not commit, yet the courts have convicted and sentenced innocent people to death row. "There is no way to tell how many of the over 1,000 people executed since 1976 may also have been innocent" (Additional Innocence Information). The courts have sent innocent people to prison as well as sentencing innocent people to death row. "What if there was a way of typing a person to the scene of a crime beyond the shadow of doubt. Or, more importantly, what if you could rule out suspects and prevent the wrong person from being locked up in jail" (Meeker-O-Connell). "
Abstract This paper answers questions relating to DNA templates and the differences between the structure, function, and the treatment of viruses and bacteria. The paper also explains the necessity for making a template in the replication process.
From the Paper "The DNA has to be replicated so that after cell division each new cell will contain the full amount of DNA material. After replication every new cell will contain one strand of the original DNA plus one strand of the newly synthesized DNA. The original strand acts as template to guide the next process which is the synthesis of a..."
Abstract Modern ecological pressures are very different from those faced by early Homo Sapiens and other early hominids. Changes have taken place in DNA structures sometimes relating to our environment and our sociological issues. In the paper the author examines issues related to these changes and the results in Homo Sapiens and Homo Neanderthalensis.
From the Paper "Our four micro evolutionary forces; mutations, gene flow, genetic drift and natural selection have far different results in modern man and in fact the move from natural selection to self-domestication is changing man into some kind of pseudo robot form and the environment into a kind of pseudo self supporting bionomic. From hospitals who save the rare mutation that may have succumbed in nature, from importing and exporting to favor those with the 'wrong' genes in the 'wrong' area regarding gene flow, from the highly mobile human and his ability to intermingle with anyone around the world regarding genetic drift and back again to the doctors who save those that may succumb to natural selection; we have annihilated our four micro evolutionary forces into oblivion."
Abstract This paper compares and contrasts the tendencies of Henry James in his writings. "The Beast in The Jungle", "The Jolly Corner", and "The Portrait of a Lady" are three of James' works that are examined in detail. In particular, this paper focuses on the protagonists of each of the writings respectively. A strong comparison is made between the three protagonists of these writings, and their miserable lives. On the other hand, the protagonist of James' story "The Tragic Muse" is shown to lead a life of happiness and success. The paper notes the clear differences between this story and the others, therefore explaining what leads the character on a different path.
From the Paper "In contrast, Portrait of a Lady presents Ralph as an invalid who lives vicariously through a woman named Isabel Archer whom he leads to doom. He bestows upon her a large sum of money, despite his father's warning that fortune hunters will target her for it. Ralph replies, "That's a risk, and it has entered into my calculation...I'm prepared to take it" (p. 161). Ralph is financially generous to Isabel not out of love but out of a morbid fascination. He wants to see what she will do with it. When Isabel marries a gold-digger, she fulfills the victim role that Ralph's father had feared. Ralph's fascination with Isabel's life overcomes any concern he might have had for her welfare."
Abstract This paper argues that Shakespeare wrote "Measure for Measure" as a complimentary tutorial for King James. In doing so, he portrays the current state of affairs in England and attempts to provide James with advice concerning the problems facing his kingdom.
From the Paper "Shakespeare's England at the time that Measure for Measure was written was in a state of internal conflict and discord. King James I came to power in 1603 and inherited a kingdom rife with a myriad of social and cultural problems, including corruption in the justice system, religious disputes and crises, and rampant sexual immorality. Shakespeare, the ?King's Playwright,? as Alvin Kernan dubs him, wrote Measure for Measure as a complimentary tutorial for King James. In doing so, he portrays the current state of affairs in England and attempts to provide James, as a ruler with Divine Right and responsibility to his country, with advice concerning the problems facing his kingdom."
Abstract This paper explains that Shakespeare's "Hamlet" resonates in Henry James' "Turn of the Screw". The author points out that the latter text can be said to replicate the structure of the former. The paper relates that both texts use ghosts.
From the Paper This research provides a comparison and contrast of Shakespeare's "Hamlet"and Henry James' The Turn of the Screw". The research will identify ways in which "Hamlet " resonates in James's story with a view toward evaluating the extent to which elements of the ..."
