Abstract
This paper discusses one of the most significant scientific discoveries of the twentieth century, the discovery of the helical structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). According to the paper, Watson revealed this discovery in his book, 'The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA'. This paper reviews Watson's book and the fact that DNA was not discovered by a single person, nor by a group of scientists. The DNA discovery was the result of a complex series of advancements, discoveries and inspirations by many independent groups.

From the Paper
"Watson next goes on a series of European excursions and vacations; including being able to finally listed to Pauling. When he returns to Cambridge in the fall, Watson exhibits less preoccupation with DNA, and hears of the discovery by some bacteriologists that some bacteria actually reproduce sexually. This causes Watson to muse that the microbial genetics of them could be understood within a few years after DNA's structure is discovered. In the meantime, Watson writes that Franklin's X-Ray data "were getting prettier and prettier," (Watson 148). Furthermore, he credits her with obtaining the data indicating that the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA was actually on the outside of the molecule; still, "She gave no sign . . . of liking helices any better," (Watson 148). Watson continues to explain his faith-based understanding of DNA when he writes, "The idea of the genes' being immortal smelled right," (Watson 153). After this leap of inference, however, Watson learns that Pauling is about to unveil another discovery regarding DNA; this worries most everyone at Cambridge. "

Tags:Maurice, Wilkins, Rosalind, Franklin, Linus, Pauling, Francis, Crick, alpha-helix, scientific

Abstract
Although James Watson is the main protagonist and hero of his book "The Double Helix: A Personal Account of the Discovery of the Structure of DNA", this paper reviews his scientific and personal relationships with Dr. Linus Pauling The author describes an episode from the book in which Pauling meets Watson and is joined by Watson's sister Elizabeth, whom Watson wants to hook up with Pauling, not knowing that he was already married. The paper is written creatively in the voice of Dr. Pauling.

From the Paper
"One day when Watson was doing his research in Copenhagen working on his DNA discoveries, he received some journal articles that I had written, that were sent over from the U.S. He later told me when we met in London that he did not understand everything I was saying in the language of lab chemistry, but that he liked some of my interesting sentences. He said that when he writes his book to tell the world how he discovered the DNA secrets, he would write it in a way that would be fun to read even for a person not up to speed in deep math and chemistry."

Tags:nobel prize

Abstract
This paper discusses how the structure of DNA was discovered. It goes through the discovery that DNA was the holder of genetic material within a cell to Watson and Crick's infamous model of the structure. The paper includes a heavy emphasis on gender roles in the post World War II science society. The paper also briefly describes the book, "What is Life" written in 1944 by Erwin Schrodinger.

From the Paper
"After World War 2, there was a great upsurge in the study of DNA. Scientists, returning home after having been called away to contribute to the war effort (contributions being the use of their skills to create better, more intelligent weapons), arrived home to discover a new idea in the field of genetics. The book, "What is Life" written in 1944 by Erwin SchrA dinger as a collection of lectures, lead many scientists for the first time to really consider the causes and effects of genetic heredity; it became very popular among the university crowd and anyone worth their scientific mettle had read it and had an opinion on the subject of the "code of genetic inheritance". SchrA dinger heavily influenced the people who were later to discover the structure of DNA by making them ask the question, "What causes genetic material to be passed to offspring?" a question which had plagued science ever since man had been capable of intelligent thought."

Tags:nobel, structure, Schrodinger, genetics

From the Paper
"James D. Watson, in The Double Helix, presents the account of the remarkable and significant scientific discovery of the building block of human existence. As such, the book is certainly careful to cover the fundamental biological aspects of the story. However, just as important is the author's determination and ability to make the story a fascinating, human drama. This is not a dry, technical study of a scientific breakthrough presented by and for only those with vast scientific knowledge. To the contrary, any lay reader even vaguely interested in science, if he or she gives this book a chance, will not only learn the basics of DNA, its significance and its discovery, but will also be rewarded with an exciting story about human beings in a most dramatic set of circumstances.
As the author of the foreword to the book notes, this story...

Tags:SCIENCE, GENETICS, BOOK, REVIEWS, NON-FICTION

Abstract
The paper discusses how every nurse will eventually be confronted with the reality of suffering in an overwhelming way. The paper adds that pain and suffering can be a real source of distress for nurses. The paper explains that the source of Watson's theory of human care was her own observation of suffering as well as her personal and clinical experience (Watson, 2007). The paper discusses how among Watson's basic beliefs is the potential of feminine healing energy, as well as a deep respect for all of human life and for the interconnectedness of all things. The paper relates that she was influenced by different philosophers and it is very apparent in her theory that she is familiar with the perspective of the Orient. The paper looks at the numerous concepts in her model, including holism, the mind, the sacred, soul, and consciousness.

From the Paper
"Every nurse will eventually be confronted with the reality of suffering in an overwhelming way. Pain and suffering can be a real source of distress for nurses. The source of Watson's theory of human care was her own observation of suffering as well as her personal and clinical experience (Watson, 2007). Among Watson's basic beliefs is the potential of feminine healing energy, as well as a deep respect for all of human life and for the interconnectedness of all things. She was influenced by different philosophers and it is very apparent in her theory that she is familiar..."

Tags:watson, theory, critique

Abstract
This workshop outlines the clinical and educational application of Watson's theory with the following objectives: to review core concepts of Watson's theory and expound on its implications for the practicing nurse; to integrate these concepts into a more concrete and applicable framework as exemplified in clinical and educational practice and; to facilitate and gain insight into the instructors' own abilities to integrate Watson's theory into both hypothetical and actual practice, which shall serve as a springboard for the instructors' own instruction of their students.

From the Paper
"The following are the competency objectives of this workshop: * to review core concepts of Watson's theory and expound on its implications for the practicing nurse; * to integrate these concepts into a more concrete and applicable framework as exemplified in clinical and educational practice and;..."

Tags:nursing, theory, watson

Abstract
The paper discusses how the picture of an ideal nurse is at the core of Nightingale, Benner's and Watson's nursing theories. The paper explains that in an era where human values and decision making capabilities are decreasing, the professional identity of the ideal nurse is in a resurgence. The paper explains that the humanistic and instinctual caring value of a nurse in the daily practice of the profession provides rewards and gratification in a career that is more than just a job. The paper shows how Nightingale, Benner's and Watson's theories allow the nurse to practice the art of caring.

From the Paper
"The picture of an ideal nurse is at the core of Nightingale, Benner's and Watson's nursing theories. In an era where human values and decision making capabilities are decreasing the professional identity of the ideal nurse is in a resurgence. The humanistic and instinctual caring value of a nurse in the daily practice of the profession provides rewards and gratification in a career that is more than just a job. Nightingale, Benner's and Watson's theories allow the nurse to practice the art of caring."

Tags:nightingale, benner, watson

Abstract
The paper discusses how DNA testing was developed first as part of research into genetics and the nature of genetic inheritance, and it was later noted that DNA would also be a good way of identifying people for purposes of paternity and for other purposes. The paper explains that DNA testing was also developed as a way of testing suspects in those criminal cases in which some genetic material might have been collected. The paper relates that the use of DNA has been presented as having a high degree of certainty about identification, and this has been accepted by juries so that DNA evidence is often definitive. The paper describes how more recently, DNA has been used to test genetic material from older cases in order to demonstrate innocence rather than guilt.

From the Paper
"DNA testing was developed first as part of research into genetics and the nature of genetic inheritance, and it was later noted that DNA would also be a good way of identifying people for purposes of paternity and for other purposes. DNA testing was also developed as a way of testing suspects in those criminal cases in which some genetic material might have been collected. The use of DNA has been presented as having a high degree of certainty about identification, and this has been accepted by juries so that DNA evidence is often definitive. More recently, DNA has been used to test genetic material from older cases in order to demonstrate innocence rather than guilt. One such case is reported by Gutowski (2007), a case..."

Tags:dna, testing, exoneration

Abstract
Nursing theorists have been popular in nursing since the days of Florence Nightingale and have continued through to the present. This paper highlights Rosemarie Parse's theory of human becoming as well as Jean Watson's theory of human caring. This is then followed with a discussion of how their theories and philosophies are similar, how their theories are dissimilar and finally what other theories in nursing are related to each of these theories.

From the Paper
"It is considered beyond the scope of the paper to discuss each theorist's theory in detail. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse's theory Rosemarie Parse's theory of human becoming is built on concepts that are considered inter-subjective, relying on an interpersonal environment from which to create meaning and allow for personal growth (Bjorklund, 2000). Parse offered this theory in 1981 as an alternative to the standard bio-medical model emphasized in the 1960s and 1970s (Cody, n.d.). "

Tags:watson, parse, theorist