From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to show that the era of Jacksonian democracy, roughly the period 1825-1835, not only encompassed the values of its Whig predecessors but also reorganized and redefined those values in ways that directly shaped and prepared America, perhaps unwittingly, for the arrival of the present-day polyarchical pluralist system. But it was, in fact, no accident, as William Chambers explains:

The shapers of the American nation had provided lessons for a second generation of party leaders. They had shown what parties could be, and had marked the way toward a renewed American Party System which could sustain broad representation, mass participation and popular choice in a functioning political democracy.. ... "

Abstract
This paper examines how from the termination, in 1815, of Federalism, the political concept supporting a strong central government, to the rise of the slavery problem in the 1850s, American political history was typified by bitter partisan conflict on the part of the Democratic Party of Andrew Jackson and the Whigs. It shows how the major transformation in the Jacksonian Era was the materialization of a solid two-party system. It shows how the party eventually to become known as the Republican Party has given the U.S. the basic political formation that survives to this day and how the present Republican and Democratic parties have much in common with their ancestors.

From the Paper
"A lot of Jacksonians considered themselves as strangers to the old Jeffersonian political order, which they assumed had wandered away from true republican values. Fraction of their aggression was intended at Quincy Adams, not for the reason that he diverged from the Democratic-Republican principles of 1816, but for the reason that he personified them all too well. If, as William Ward has declared, Jackson was the "symbol for an age," it was mainly alien to the old Democratic-Republicans. Jackson's America was more democratic, as well as more unrestricted than the one practiced by Jefferson and anticipated by Quincy Adams (James, 1938)."

Tags:republican, whigs, jefferson, slavery, government

From the Paper
"The rise of Andrew Jackson is commonly associated with the rise of democracy in the United States. Before Jackson's first presidential campaign in the momentous year of 1824, democracy as is commonly known in contemporary society did not exist. President James Monroe epitomized the American ruling class before the age of Jackson. A wealthy planter from Virginia, Monroe wore a powdered wig, knee-length pantaloons, and white-topped boots. Such style of dress clearly delineated the social "betters" and reflected the contemporary belief that politics was an activity which was to be conducted by the "better sort" for the rest of society. The Founding Fathers eschewed democracy as "rule by the rabble" and preferred a Republic that isolated the government from the masses, but was still accountable to some of the people. Jacksonian Democracy was a genuine phenomenon. Jacksonian democracy involved a democratization of American politics. However, democracy was not completely developed under Jackson."

Tags:andrew, democracy, democratization, history, jackson, facade

Abstract
The paper examines the era and philosophy of former US President Thomas Jefferson, that included the terms of Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe. The paper then looks at opponent Andrew Jackson's appeal and his strategies. The paper discusses how although three presidents established the Jeffersonian legacy, when Andrew Jackson, folk hero, man of simple messages, came along, there had been sufficient growth and yearning for change in the American electorate to allow him to win. The paper shows how this spelled defeat for Jeffersonian democracy and a victory for Jacksonian democracy.

Outline:
The First Party System
The Second Party System
The Jeffersonian Era
The Jackson Era
How Have Political Parties Stayed True to a Jacksonian Style
Why Did Jeffersonian Democracy Not Prevail

From the Paper
"The Federalists were interested in "...increasing the authority of the central government," Flanigan writes, hence the Federalists received the firm backing of commercial and financial sectors of the American society at that time. But the Jeffersonian Republicans "...distrusted the centralizing and, in their view, aristocratic tenancies of their rivals," Flanigan continues. The two parties actually were launched as factions in the U.S. Congress, but as time passed the two parties' influence spread to the state and local level, and down to the voting public. These two parties helped develop form and fine-tune their opinions about issues that were important to the country."

Tags:Federalists, first, party, second, party, voters, presidents

Abstract
Shows how Jackson handled crises in 19th century America, such as the Bank Crisis, expansion of suffrage, and the country's transformation from an agrarian to an industrial nation.

From the Paper
"The era in American history that witnessed Jacksonian Democracy is viewed in strikingly different ways by Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Bray Hammond, and Edward Pessen. In the 19th century America was transforming from..."

Abstract
This paper discusses how President Jackson was a staunch defender of slavery while the American abolitionist movement was gaining strength. The paper explains that it was this conflict that is seen as creating the tensions which eventually lead to civil war between the northern and southern states. The paper relates that democracy eventually lead to the abandonment of slavery in the North, and the loss of the Civil War ensured that the South would have to abandon slavery too.

Outline:
Jacksonian Pro-Slavery
Democratic Abolitionism

From the Paper
"Jackson, like these people, was a staunch defender of slavery; in part, this was in connection with the idea of Manifest Destiny, the belief that white people were naturally superior to all black people. This was part of the reason that the issue of abolitionism became such a topic of debate within the Jasksonian democracy.
"Jacksonian democracy was resistant to the idea of slavery, firstly because it considered it a distraction from the real issues of the economy, and the taking of new land from the Native Americans. The Jacksonians viewed the co-operation of the Southern states as necessary to achieve these goals, and the Abolitionists were alienating the Southern supporters of reform. As Frankel (1947) says: "The Issue of Slavery was the key to the real nature of Jacksonianism"."

Tags:abolitionists, democracy, manifest, destiny

Abstract
This paper examines the Jacksonian Democrats, who saw themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberties and equality of economic opportunity. The paper describes how they destroyed aristocracy in American during the antebellum period.

From the Paper
"During antebellum America, the Jacksonian Democrats were created. This was a group that viewed themselves as protectors of the common people. A powerful executive whose goal was to destroy aristocracy in America, Andrew Jackson, ruled the Jacksonian Democrats. (Schlesinger)
Strangely, this group was not made up of the common people. The Jacksonian Democrats were a wealthy group that supported equality between white men, enacted radical economic policies, and disregarded any capabilities of the federal government. Many say that the group was not the introducers of democracy in America but rather users of the system for their own benefit."

Tags:indian, native, american, antebellum, equality, democracy, tariff, south, north

From the Paper
"President Andrew Jackson may be called the first Democrat, the first President to run and be elected on the ticket of the Democratic Party--now the oldest continually operating political party in the world. (This credit might alternatively be given to Thomas Jefferson, since the political grouping he represented-ironically called Republican--was the direct ancestor of the later Democratic Party. But the party continuity from Jefferson to Jackson is much weaker than the subsequent continuity of the Democratic Party from Jackson's day to our own.) In a broader sense, he may be called the first democrat: the first political leader, perhaps, since ancient Athens to stand for direct majoritarian democracy rather than a "mixed" republic in which democratic elements were intermixed with oligarchic elements.

Modern times have not been sympathetic to Jackson. His ... "

Abstract
In the article, the writer provides an in-depth research study on the Tariff of 1828, known as the Tariff of Abominations. The writer discusses that this tariff was a significant precursor to Southern secession and the Civil War. The writer also discusses this tariff as an important indicator of the rise of Jacksonian democracy in America.

From the Paper
"The Civil War and the secession of the Southern states that preceded it is most often seen as the most significant rebellion against the federal government in American history. The decades prior to Civil War however are just as significant as the sectionalist battles that raged and nearly broke apart the Union. One of the key issues during this period that incited debate between federalism and state sovereignty was the so-called Tariff of Abominations."

Tags:tariff of abominations, civil war, states' rights, secession, nullification, andrew jackson, calhoun, tariff of 1828

Abstract
This paper traces the founding, beliefs and early history of the Republican party in the United States, focusing on the years between 1854 and 1865. The party's outlook is compared to the Jacksonian Democratic ideal of that time. An in-depth analysis of the Republican Party Platform of 1856 is given and discussed at length in relation to the opposition to slavery and other issues. The paper also examines the role of economics in shaping the platform of the early Republican party. The paper includes a brief dicussion of the Lincoln-Douglas debates, and concludes by refering to the Civil War as the culmination of the party's desires.

Outline:
Free White Men
American Moral Absolutes

From the Paper
"The ideals of the conflicts between parties and individuals are eloquently demonstrated in primary and secondary source work of the period as well as more modern secondary sources and represents conflict and creation in the development of the nation and the parties that dominate the political thoughts of the nation, even today. Politically, the war established the supremacy of the Republican Party in national politics for much of the next fifty years. Socially, the war saw significant gains in African American rights, especially in a legal sense. Constitionally, the war established the supremacy of the federal government over the states. Thus, the Civil war did in fact represent a political, social and constitutional revolution in America."

Tags:Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglas, bipartisianism, Jacksonian Democracy