Abstract This paper documents the rise and fall of the First Bank of the UnitedStates created in 1791. It describes the major criticism of the bank, how it interfered with the development of the banking system and economic growth. It explains how the Second Bank of the UnitedStates rose from the demise of the First Bank, and what caused the closure of the Second Bank.
Tags: Central bank, first bank of the unitedstates, second bank of the unitedstates, implied powers, constitutional law, madison, hamilton, washington, fiscal policy, inflation, veto
Abstract This paper describes the central monetary system of the UnitedStates government in the form of the Federal Reserve Bank. The paper examines the function of the bank and it's governing members and committees. The paper details the concepts and economic responsibilities of the bank and highlights its historic policies.
From the Paper "The major institution of centralized monetary policy in the United States is the Federal Reserve Bank ? which has been much in the news lately as it has continued to drop the discount rate. To understand why it has taken the actions that it has during this calendar year and to understand the relationship between the Federal Reserve Bank, a centralized monetary policy and fluctuations in interest we must in fact focus on the central bank ? or the Fed, as it is nearly universally called, even by those who never even think about investing in the world of high finance."
Tags:united, states, federal, reserve, bank, centralized, monetary, policy, ecomony, central, inflation, Clinton, Bush
Abstract This paper examines the terrible disease of tuberculosis and its spread in the 18th and 19th century In Europe. It details the disease's symptoms and their treatment as well as the discovery of anti-tuberculous drugs. Furthermore, it gives a valid comparison of the prevalence of tuberculosis amongst the populations of the UnitedStates and South Korea and studies the statistical data of these two very different countries. It concludes that better living conditions can bring down the amount of people sick with TB.
From the Paper "Tuberculosis is a communicable disease that usually affects the respiratory system but can infect any other system of the body. It is transmitted by droplet infection in the air from a person with the active disease. The pathogens are bacteria known commonly as Mycobacterium Tuberculi. Tuberculosis was a fatal disease in the 18th and 19th centuries, prominent all over Europe even in the well off classes. With the discovery of Streptomycin and other anti-tuberculous drugs, along with strict health regimens and isolation procedures the more developed nations managed to control this epidemic by the 20th century. Underdeveloped countries however were still a source of the infection and it was endemic in many third world nations."
Tags: Tuberculosis, United, States, South, Korea, HIV, disease, air, living, conditions, underdeveloped, countries
Abstract This paper looks at the underlying trends of each population growth factor separately, particularly the immigration factor. It includes several graphs and in-depth data of the population in the UnitedStates as a whole as well as divided into sectors. It gives an historical overview of the Hispanic immigration from its origin until the present day. Finally, it concludes that the Hispanic population will continue to grow rapidly into the largest minority group due to their immigration and birth rate.
From the Paper "Researchers in demographics have persistently foretold that the rapidly growing Hispanic population would inevitably develop into the leading minority group in the United States. Updated data released from the 2000 census reveal that this belief is fast approaching actualisation. The data indicates that America's Hispanic population grew by 58% during the 1990s, putting Hispanics practically equal with African Americans as the country's biggest minority group. Most demographers predicted that the Hispanic population would equal or exceed African Americans by 2005. But that may occur sooner than initially anticipated. (Travierso, Maria. 2001, 1) How has this approaching dominance among minorities occurred and what does this mean to the U.S. population at large?"
Tags: Hispanic, United, States, census, 2000, population, minority, demographics
Abstract This paper examines 20th century developments pertaining to the UnitedStates and China. The paper discusses how the philosophical position of each nation acts as a guiding principle when domestic agendas are decided upon and how these in turn reflect on international relations.
From the Paper "The United States and China have long eyed one another from across an ideological chasm that has at times appeared unbridgeable. Throughout the 20th century, domestic trends within each nation have diverged such that little common ground appeared to exist between them. Indeed for much of the 20th century, Chinese isolationism reinforced a communist agenda that did not recognize key properties intrinsic to Western society, among them religious freedom, capitalist business practices and a generally individualistic disposition."
Abstract The cultural differences in the UnitedStates and Canada began after the American Revolutionary period. A plethora of theories exist regarding the rationale behind the variances in culture. Some theorists contend that the Vietnam War created a vast gap between the cultures, while others suggest that the ideologies of rebellion and peace forced the two cultures to become opposing neighbors. Religion, politics and national ideologies encompass the realm of cultural differences that exist between the countries. this paper examines the similarities between Canadian and American cultures that exist despite the many differences that also exist between the cultures.
Abstract The UnitedStates Patriot Act was passed by the Senate and the House of Representatives soon after the attacks of 9/11 and was initially designed as one of the governmental measures taken in the fight against terrorism. The author contends that the measures stipulated in the act generated massive debates over whether or not the Patriot Act abridges essential freedom. The paper examines the measures and powers given to authorities by the act. The writer discusses the effects of these measures on the UnitedStates as a democratic nation.
From the Paper "Through the Patriot Act the US government can constantly monitor any terrorism suspect and the people that he interacts with. For example, any phone that might at one point be used by a terrorism suspect can be legally supervised indefinitely and so even those that have no relation with a terrorist suspect and simply use a public phone or accidentally come in contact with a terrorist suspect can be supervised and their phone can be monitored. The biggest concern is that the government will have easier access to personal information of any citizen and that there is no guarantee that that personal information will not be used against individuals. There is a great risk of allowing governmental agencies easy and hidden access to private information as this would permit a great amount of unwanted control of governmental agencies over private life."
Tags: power security police spy snoop investigate, civil liberties, free speech, freedom totalitarian state government
Abstract Homelessness remains one of America's most complicated and important social issues and is a devastating experience for families. It disrupts virtually every aspect of family life, damaging the physical and emotional health of family members interfering with children's education and development and frequently resulting in the separation of family members. This paper provides an overview of causes and consequences of homelessness among three of the largest homeless population in the UnitedStates; families with children, the mentally ill and veterans.
From the Paper "In the last 15 years, the United States has seen a tremendous growth in the percentage of the homeless population. One of the fastest growing segments of the homeless population is families with children. Families with children constitute approximately 40% of people who become homeless. A survey of 30 U.S. cities found that in 1998, children accounted for 25% of the homeless population. Families have become much more diverse than the conventional nuclear family. The make up of homeless people has also become more diverse and now includes a larger proportion of homeless families. Families have changed due to the decline in marriages, increased births outside marriage, lower birth rates, and higher rates of divorce and relationship breakdown. Homeless families include single parent families, headed mainly by women, couples with children and couples without children. The U.S. Census indicates that families, single mothers, and children make up the largest group of people who are homeless in rural areas."
Tags: causes, families, homeless, homelessness, states, united, veterans
Abstract The paper gives a brief explanation of the Second Amendment of the Constitution of the UnitedStates. The paper discusses its history, related court interpretations and legislation. The following issues are addressed in the paper: The National Rifle Association's view on the second amendment, the rule of adherence to precedent, whether the Second Amendment applies to the federal or state level and if it protects only state militias or individual rights. The paper also looks at gun ownership and homicide rates from 1970 to1990.
Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "There have been numerous cases involving the Second Amendment but not too many have made it to the law of the land, the Supreme Court of the United States. Busch (2003) discusses the major Supreme Court cases involving the Second Amendment, while focusing on the impact the United States v Emerson (as cited in Busch, 2003) case had on the right to bear arms. Busch (2003) notes that after the Supreme Court case of United States v Miller (as cited in Busch, 2003), a large part of lower federal courts interpret the protection of the Second Amendment as a collective right and not an individual right. Busch (2003) also notes that the Supreme Court has yet to clearly state whether the Second Amendment is collective or individual. A collective right means that it applies only to the federal government. An individual right means that it only applies to state government."
Tags: well regulated militia, state militias, individual rights, supreme court cases
Abstract The end of the nineteenth century is seen as an era of trust busting under President Roosevelt and the Progressives. This was an era in which industry was subject to increasingly strict regulation in an effort to preserve the competitive marketplace. The following discussion will explore this issue: In what way and to what extent was business regulated in the UnitedStates during the nineteenth century? An issue of secondary importance will also be considered: In what way did nineteenth century regulation of business foreshadow the manner in which business is currently regulated at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
Abstract This paper describes the lobbying process in the UnitedStates Congress. It looks at the origins of lobbying, the purpose of lobby groups, what kinds of institutions and organizations compose a lobby group, and how lobbying efforts and the lobbying process has changed over time. The paper also looks at global lobby groups and the influence that lobbyists exert on the U.S. Congress in general.
From the Paper "Lobbying is the practice and profession of influencing governmental decisions, and is carried out by agents who represent the concerns of special interests to legislators and administrators.1 The term first originated in the 1830's, when representatives of interest groups tended to congregate in the lobbies of Congress and state legislatures, however, the term is now used in a broader sense to include attempt to influence any governmental actions.2 Lobbying in the United States today has become an accepted an ubiquitous part of the political system. Although federal and state legislators are technically representatives of geographical areas, they spend a great deal of their time with lobbyists, and at times are responding to interest groups rather than to their constituents, to the degree that legislation drafted by lobbyists is sometimes introduced."
Abstract This paper analyzes and compares Irish migrant settlement in the UnitedStates and Canada in the nineteenth century. It looks at the traditional historical models for these respective settlements and suggests that they have tended to emphasize the urban nature of the American settlement and the rural nature of the Canadian one. The paper concludes, however, that the settlement patterns of the Irish immigrants are far more complex than these models suggest. The paper then analyzes and discusses these points.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Historical Tradition
Historical Debate and Dissent
The Value of Comparative Analysis
Conclusion
From the Paper "In this comparative analysis of the settlement patterns of Irish immigrants in Canada and the United States, we have seen the importance of a detailed understanding of the historical debate. In both countries, it seems that the settlement patterns of the Irish immigrants followed precedents established by existing immigrant populations as the Irish settlement patterns and living conditions mirrored the often rural communities in which they settled. Thus, as historians agree, it is very difficult to generalize for Irish Canadians as a whole in this regard. Given that the United States was more urbanized than Canada, the Irish immigrants in this environment were likewise more urbanized, but not more so than other immigrant groups at this time. Indeed, their settlement patterns and living conditions - often hard, and working class, in the poorer areas of cities - seemed to mirror that of other immigrants in the United States in a similar way to the Irish immigrants' settlement patterns in Canada reflecting the communities in which they lived."
Abstract This paper examines the origins and purpose of the settlement houses that began appearing in the UnitedStates during the Progressive Era of the early twentieth century.
From the Paper "The Progressive Era was marked by an invigorated middle class to which things besides the excesses of industrial and land acquisition were newly important. Middle-class and upper-middle-class reformers appear to have sought to improve the lot of the less fortunate classes that had populated and were continuing to populate the industrial urban centers of the United States. The settlement-house phenomenon was a significant response to the problems of the lower classes in that context. The origins of the American settlement-house movement were actually in England where in Toynbee Hall..."
Abstract This two-part paper examines how the emergence of the Cold War affected the relationship between Canada and the UnitedStates in a positive way, allowing for an advancement of trade policies, as well as defense policies, while at the same time causing increasing tension between the two nations in terms of independence. Secondly, this paper discusses the foreign and defense policies of Canada during the Cold War era years of 1945-1957 and shows that, although Canada may have followed U.S. policy in some areas, it also created and maintained its own foreign and defense policies. This paper shows that the beneficial, albeit rocky, relationship that emerged from the Cold War era between the UnitedStates and Canada allowed Canada to maintain its own foreign policy and to dictate the future of its country.
From the Paper "Part of this decision was due to the newly created United Nations, in which Canada was a key member. Created in 1945, the United Nations treaty, much of which was drafted with the prime assistance of Canada, was designed to promote peace and security in the world. It also served to promote human rights, and security policies. At the time, Canada saw the UN as a guideline for their foreign and defense policies, aiming to promote peace, and avoid aggression ("Canada and the UN", 2003). As part of this policy, the Canadian government was focused on reallocating resources to assist in post-war recovery efforts, and diverted monies from the military for that purpose."
Tags: Mackenzie, King, Roosevelt, Ogdensburg, Agreement, United, Nations, communism
Abstract This paper explains that over 150 breeds of dogs and 300 breeds of cats are found in the UnitedStates and Canada. Many people love their pets even if they are not a pure-breed animal. In fact, many mixed dogs in American households are equal to the number found in Canada. Pets are, in most cases, our furry friends, but they are also often used in the lives of the owners to help them with different illnesses or work. The paper discusses the important role that dogs and cats play in the emotional and physical well being of their owners and how they are so highly valued in both Canada and the UnitedStates.
From the Paper "Ever have a dog or cat as a child? Remember all the love and affection the pet gave? Dogs and cats are special to many people. In fact, some people consider their pets as family members. Over 150 breeds of dogs and 300 breeds of cats are found in the United States and Canada. Whether it is the small white Maltese, brown and black Yorkie terrier, wolf-like Keeshunds, curly poodles, or other breeds of dogs, many people call and treat these dogs as if they were children. The same can be said of cat owners. Cat owners love their Turkish Angora..."
