Abstract
The paper offers a definition of terrorism and explains that international terrorism is intended to be on a broader scale, with largely recognized targets so as to capture the attention of the world community. The paper brings September 11, 2001 as a vivid example. The paper discusses how international terrorism has grown with modern communication and technology. The paper looks at terrorism in the late 1960s, in South America, in Vietnam and in the 1970s. The paper concludes by explaining how international terrorism is distinguished by three distinctive characteristics.

Outline:
Introduction
The Late 1960s
South America
Vietnam
The Cold War Era of the United States and Russia
The 1970s
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Acts of international terrorism can be traced as far back as 1931, with the first documented hijacking of an airline passenger jet in Peru. However, depending upon how you define "international terrorism," international terrorism might be traced even further back, during the Christian crusades in the Holy Land. There was, too, the French Revolution, which was preceded by acts of violence committed by covert agents of change. The American Revolution was effectuated in large part by covert agents acting against British law and authority and perpetrating acts of violence against the British soldiers."

Tags:violence, hijacking, bombing, IRA, Islam, PLO, politics

Abstract
This paper discusses international terrorism and the fact that it is difficult to define. The paper suggests that despite the lack of a clear image, terrorism has been discussed and analyzed from various perspectives, political and scholarly alike. The paper looks at some of the conclusions from the literature and discusses how these could point to a more coherent identification of terrorism and a future course of action.

From the Paper
"In today's world, there are certain elements that have influenced modern terrorist movements and the moral support of leaders from abroad is of great importance as a source of inspiration for the terrorist groups. Thus, Leninist extremists have been seen to promote different socialist visions that have been kept from the early beginnings of the centuries; similarly, the influence of the addresses made by certain leaders such as Osama bin Laden via the network cable or the Internet are essential for maintaining the ideological identification of the group with its leader which, in case of fanatics, embodies the essence of the cause they fight for. In such situations, there is little that can actually be done. The war against terrorism has been waged for years now, without a definite result or a prospect for a final outcome. However, the only alternative would be to deny ourselves every possibility of eventually catching leaders such as Osama bin Laden. Inaction or a stop in the quest against terrorist perpetrators would transmit precisely a message of surrender and capitulation in the face of terror."

Tags:networks, anarchy, politics

Abstract
This paper discusses the United Nations has played a leading role in the 1990s to deal with the reality of international terror. This paper addresses various situations in which the United Nations acted upon terrorism attacks. Another point addressed in this paper is the extra resources that the United Nations bring to the table that deters terrorism to a point.

Abstract
This paper quotes several expert sources on the topic of terrorism and uses these sources to provide a definition of terrorism, a look at its origins and objectives and a look at its advantages. The paper also explains terrorism's links with communist totalitarianism and Islamic radicalism and describes terrorism's effects on the security of Europe. Furthermore, the paper takes a look at the future problems associated with terrorism and possible methods for dealing with terrorism.

From the Paper
"Terrorism also addresses goals, whether these goals are motivated by political, religious or ideological objectives. The essence of terrorism is the intent to induce fear in someone other than its victims to make a government or other audience change its political behavior."

Tags:deliberate, systematic, murder, maiming, menacing, innocent, inspire, fear, political, ends

Abstract
This paper attempts to take an even-handed approach to understanding international terrorism. The author presents three examples of terrorism and shows why an organization would resort to terrorist activities. The types of terrorism discussed by the paper include ideological terrorism, terrorism for the liberation of an oppressed minority and state sponsored terrorism. The author concludes that international terrorism is motivated by an organization's inability to use traditional, accepted, and legitimate channels of activity to accomplish the political, ideological, or religious goals of the group.

From the Paper
"An example of ideological terrorism, the Baader-Meinhof group in Germany became a leading left wing group in West Germany. As West Germany was dominated by United States notions of democracy, the left wing Red Army Faction was thus going against the grain of society. Described by government forces as a terrorist group, it saw itself a military group who was forced to rely on urban guerilla tactics to achieve their aim. The roots of the organization were those who were originally students, but the opposition grew as Communism was outlawed and many ex-Nazi right-wingers came to assume political office. This growing threat of right wing influences in the government motivated the youth as did a series of inciting events including a death of a student, shot by a member of the military. The rising tension led to a strong left opposition and a right counter-response which led to the formation of the Red Army Faction. After training with the PLO, the Red Army Faction returned to stop the urban imperialistic course of Germany instigating a series of bank robberies and arson attacks. The actions of the Red Army faction culminated in the German Autumn in 1977 in which there were substantial amounts of deaths, an important hi-jacking with Arab ties, and the ultimately resulted in the death of many of the key members of the Baader-Meinhof Group. This time was a time of fear among Germans after World War II. The objectives were never clear, but the group was in opposition to the right wing tendencies of West German and was in support of a more leftist government. Thus it was an ideological war being fought that resulted in failure as there was fear, but not substantial gains made by the Red Army Faction. "

Tags:terrorism, state-sponsored, terrorism, Baader-Meinhof, Liberation, Tigers, of, Tamil, Elam, Sri, Lanka

Abstract
This paper addresses the problem in creating a comprehensive definition of terrorism, noting that defining terrorism more clearly is a beginning point for further discussion. How the term is defined can determine what solutions are offered. International terrorism creates particular problems because what is seen as terrorism in one context or by one particular observer may not be seen that way by another.

From the Paper
"Terrorism is a label for various forms of political violence directed at a civilian population by a non-military group trying to spread terror in order to force some political end. Americans more and more use the term as short-hand for attacks by Muslim groups, but terrorism around the world may have nothing to do with a specific religious group or political structure at all. The target of terrorism has often been the West, but terrorism can be directed at any regime that some group wants to influence. The approach taken is to frighten the populace in order to force the government to capitulate to some demand, even to the extent of demanding a complete change not merely of leadership but of the very form of government and of political ideology."

Tags:terrorism, international, definition

Abstract
This well-researched paper opens with a comprehensive and historic look into both the American and British law enforcement agencies. The writer of this paper traces the origins of the British Sheriff's office back to the Norman Conquest which took place in 1066. This paper delves into the significant increase of international terrorism while focusing on the effectiveness of various law enforcement agencies in America and around the world in combating this growing problem. This paper discusses the views and opinions of several historians regarding the increase and decrease of crime and terror from the medieval times and up to the present. The writer of this paper examines specific historic events and their resulting impact on global terrorism including the fall of the Soviet Union, the Cold War and the 9/11 terror attacks. This paper analyzes the manner in which the Bush Administration moved to establish additional intelligence and enforcement cooperation among the existing agencies in order to more effectively face terrorist threats such as al-Qaida. This paper contains detailed and in-depth historical facts and dates relevant to this particular topic. This paper also examines the manner in which recent advancements and progress in technology are assisting law enforcement agencies around the world to thwart off potential threats of terror.

From the Paper
"Various historians have offered various different reasons for the unexpected decrease in the crime rate during the comparatively modern times, and there were some who assumed that perhaps it was industrialization and urbanization and modernization that contributed to this phenomenon. There were some other scholars and researchers who theorized that in actuality crime had not diminished, but had in fact shifted form bodily assaults that were popular in those times, to crimes that were more or less closely related to property, which also indicated that the nature of crime had shifted from an innate scarcity and paucity, to a greater prosperity as well as a free availability of material goods and possessions during modern times. There is also another form of opinion, which states that the decrease in crime seemed to have happened irrespective of industrialization and urbanization."

Tags:terror, 9/11, bush, administration, england, america, sherrif, police, cold, war, al, qaida

Abstract
In this article the writer discusses terrorism and terrorist groups. Firstly the writer discusses the definition of terrorism. Next, the rationale that many groups use to explain their actions is examined in the context of how the various groups are perceived. Terrorist groups are seen as flat organizational structures that depend on knowledge silos and highly autonomous cells to function effectively. Moreover, terrorism is seen as at least a partial clash of civilizations and cultures with some historical implications. The writer concludes that terrorism is growing in appeal for various groups as a way to further their objectives.

Outline:
Abstract
Terrorism--what is it?
Rationalization
Structure & Organization
Cultural Implications
Historical & Contemporary Factors
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The concern is that while the US does not want terrorism and terrorist to be defined as militaries in the formal sense, it does want the latitude to treat terrorist individuals within such a context."
"The most accurate definition of terrorism seems to be the first definition introduced. However, even that working definition may be somewhat constrained because it includes the qualifying statement that terrorism is politically motivated. This may indeed be prevalent but it is not necessarily a requirement for terrorism to take place because many groups may have not political agenda but a religious agenda, cultural agenda, or some other contextual agenda sans any political intent."

Tags:brutality, enemy, crime, violence

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that it would seem that the term "terrorist" has become an all encompassing description of anyone whom civilized people feel is a threat to innocent civilians, domestic tranquility and the everyday life that most people take for granted. The writer discusses that expanding upon, and deviating from the typical definition of a terrorist, Charles W. Kegley's 2002 edition, 'The New Global Terrorism: Characteristics, Causes, Controls', contains a chapter entitled "Is There a Good Terrorist?", which asserts that one nation's terrorist may fairly be considered another nation's patriot. This paper maintains the argument that no terrorist is a "good terrorist", in contrast to the presentation of Kegley in his volume. The writer argues that that there is no such thing as a good terrorist, no matter what the intentions, motivations or goals of the terrorist, keeping in mind that there are certain criteria which define what makes a terrorist.

Outline:
Introduction
Defining Terrorism
Terrorism is about Targets as Well as Intentions
A Fine Line between Patriotism and Vigilantism
Conclusion

From the Paper
"To begin, a valid argument can be made against so-called "good" terrorists by establishing a baseline definition of terrorism. In some of his other writings, Kegley has maintained that one of the problems in condemning terrorists is that the act of terrorism itself is so hard to define; in other words, as was mentioned previously, a terrorist may not be considered a terrorist by everyone, because ultimately, some group of people or nation is supposedly benefitting from the terror inflicted on another group. However, by fine tuning the definition of a terrorist, it will be possible to reinforce and build upon the argument of this paper- that there is no such thing as a good terrorist. In order to make that assertion solid and tenable, one must realize that the term terrorism should in fact refer to acts of violence, war or sabotage inflicted upon innocent civilian populations by a person or persons not affiliated with an organized army and outside of the scope of declared warfare. Within this context, we are not talking about the soldier who serves his country by defeating enemies in combat, but we are talking about extremists who detonate car bombs near schools and hospitals. In using this definition, it is possible to further bolster the argument."

Tags:violence, extremists, bombs, enemies

Abstract
The paper explores how international terrorism is related to and often dependent on modern communications technology and the connectivity in our social, economic and personal environment. The paper looks at cyber-terrorism and shows how the spread of terrorism is an almost unavoidable result of the proliferation of electronic media and technology.

Outline:
Introduction
Extremist Groups and Technology
Divergent Groups and Communication
Varieties of Cyber-Terrorism
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The growth of terrorism in our contemporary world is a fact that is without doubt one of the greatest threats to peace and civilization today. The question that may be asked is why has terrorism become such a global and international threat to the world? Terrorism as a style of protest and even warfare, characterized by the aim of instilling fear and terror in certain countries or people is not something new in history. Terrorism in some form or another is evident, even from a brief glance at human history. However, in our age, terrorism is international and is often coordinated between different countries and regions of the world."

Tags:cyber-terrorism, hackers, Internet, extremist, groups