Abstract
This paper presents an in-depth examination of immigration policy in Canada today. The paper discusses the various reasons immigrants come to that nation and how they are often exploited upon their arrival because of their differences from native-born Canadians. This paper further argues the thesis that inequality today can be seen represented primarily in immigration, that has been exploited for the purposes of the elite of our society. Beginning first with a theoretical exploration of inequality, the essay explores how inequality manifests itself in terms of immigration.

From the Paper
"Inequality has long been a facet of human societies, and the boundaries and markers that we use to create difference in our societies are deeply rooted in the basis of our civilizations. However, in the modern world difference is not simply a marker but a tool by which distinctions are highlighted by various parties for the purposes, not only of group identification, but also to ensure power and control over the groups who are unequally discriminated against. In Canada today immigrants represent just such a group. These individuals come to Canada for diverse reasons - many to escape civil strife or economic conditions in their home..."

Tags:immigration, inequality, canada

Abstract
America as the land of opportunity is a concept that has been around since the country's inception. Americans should have the economic opportunity that is associated with this general concept. As such, the topic of income inequality is of great importance. This paper explores the effects of international trade, immigration, and unionism on income inequality.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Income Inequality
The Effects of International Trade on Income Inequality
The Effects of Immigration on Income Inequality
The Effects of the Decline of Unionism on Income Inequality
Is Income Inequality Getting a Bad Rap?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Rising inequality and decreasing poverty could very well be a consistent feature of the New Economy. Rapid technological advancements have not only created great fortunes for a select few, but have also substantially improved the wages and quality of life for people at the lower end of the economic ladder. A better-educated society has also led to less poverty, while still increasing the income inequality gap, since those with college degrees have a wider spread of incomes. Although income inequality is disturbing, it is far better than poverty. More income inequality, with a faster growing economy, and less poverty is far more desirable than an economy with equal distribution of income but a high rate of poverty. This is not the first time in history that this blend of greater income inequality and reduced poverty has occurred."

Tags:opportunity, immigration, unionism, unionism, decline, economic

Abstract
The paper discusses how while globalization has become a defining factor of the contemporary world order, it should not be forgotten that this complex economic and political phenomenon has also had direct impact at the local level in regions such as the Greater Toronto Area. This paper focuses on the impact of globalization upon the geography of population in urban and suburban Toronto, with specific reference to how it has transformed immigration to Canada and immigrant settlement in this region in particular. The thesis is argued that the impact of globalization and immigration in this regard has been mixed: on the one hand fostering economic growth and the creation of a multicultural society, while on the other increasing social and economic inequality leading to the concentration and segregation of immigrant populations within urban spaces. Beginning first with an outline of globalization and its relationship to immigration in the Canadian context, this paper explores in greater detail the impact of these phenomena upon the local geographies of immigrant settlement in the urban and suburban areas of the Greater Toronto region.

From the Paper
"While globalization has become a defining factor of the contemporary world order, it should not be forgotten that this complex economic and political phenomenon has also had direct impact at the local level in regions such as the Greater Toronto Area. This paper will focus on the impact of globalization upon the geography of population in urban and suburban Toronto, with specific reference to how it has transformed immigration to Canada and immigrant settlement in this region in particular."

Tags:immigration, globalization, economic

Abstract
This paper examines Laura Liu's article, "The Place of Immigration in Studies of Geography and Race," with respect to conflict perspective. The paper evaluates the article and identifies ways in which it provides a fresh perspective on old issues of race, immigration, gender, and conflict perspective.

From the Paper
"In her article "The Place of Immigration in Studies of Geography and Race", Laura Y Liu establishes a connection through geographical research between immigration, race and racism and gender inequities. Pointing out that geographical processes such as globalization and urban development already link immigration with race and racism, Liu identifies the geographical perspective to race immigration and gender that is generally overlooked. She not only describes the spatial connection of racialized groups throughout neighborhoods, cities and regions of the nation but also..."

Tags:race, immigration, geography, conflict perspective, Marxist, gender, Liu

Abstract
This paper argue that inequality today can be seen represented primarily in immigration, that has been exploited for the purposes of the elite of society. The paper provides a theoretical exploration of inequality and then explores how inequality manifests itself in terms of immigration in Canada. It demonstrates how this manifestation of inequality serves the purposes of the powerful, usually leaders of business and various industries, in Canadian society as a means of controlling and dividing the labor market.

From the Paper
"This insight is important, as it allows us to understand the critical importance of vulnerability in the role of the immigrants in western economies. From this point of view, it is of critical importance that immigrants are both politically and economically vulnerable and dependent, for this ensures the docility of the immigrant labor force, as well as its potential to be used against indigenous labour in countries such as Canada. Through this process of "divide and rule" business interests influence the direction of government policies in areas such as the recognition of academic qualifications from non-Western sources. By the denial of recognition of these qualifications, business leaders ensure that the immigrant work force will remain docile and vulnerable to the influence of business for as long as possible. While we may acknowledge that immigrant entrepreneurs often succeed despite these barriers, this success does not deny the reality of the barriers themselves, and how they are used to foster inequality and the vulnerability of the immigrant work force in countries such as Canada."

Tags:labor, minority, entrepreneurs

Abstract
In this article the writer discusses that the patterns of immigration by blacks, and especially black women, over this century demonstrate discriminatory and preventive measures by the Canadian government. The paper relates that this pattern is best understood through the structural functional perspective because immigration policy is designed to ensure that Canadian society is of a certain type. The writer explains that the Canadian government permits certain quotas of immigrants into the country at specific times for labor needs. However, it also carefully controls immigration and prevents family formation. This paper argues that the intention of the Canadian government is and always has been to ensure that blacks and people of color would never be a dominant group and have access to power in the country.

From the Paper
"Immigration policy provided a means to cope with labour shortages while it also defined what is meant by a suitable permanent citizen. That definition was determined by race, ethnicity, class, and also by gender. Black women from the Caribbean were in the worst position. Black workers received half the pay for performing the same work as whites. For domestic workers, conditions went beyond discrimination since they had to endure intolerable conditions of no free time, unpaid overtime, and had to live in. The live-in requirement guaranteed that the women could not form families."

Tags:racism, cheap, labour, rights, stereotypes

Abstract
This paper explains how Canadian immigration policy does not address matters of gender, for immigrants still tend to be looked at in generic ways. At different points, it is stressed too that studies of immigrant and refugee conditions have sometimes tended to lump refugee women into categories that have already been in place that have more to do with a general concern for inequality at large, racism and sexism. Resettlement in Canada can be a challenging and troubling experience for women and it is stressed that women need not be asylum-seekers in order to find immigration to Canada a project that exceeds what they have expected.

Abstract
This paper explores how racism in America has affected public opinion toward immigration and minorities. The paper begins with a discussion of America's historic support for immigration and then argues that this support has been corrupted by racism. The paper also cites statistics about demographic changes in the U.S. over the past several decades, examining how certain minority populations have actually grown to be nearly on par with the Caucasian majority in some places. This realignment, according to the paper, has challenged some of the deeply-rooted notions of what it means to be in a majority, which, in turn, has sparked a new wave of racism from previously more tolerant quarters. The pain concludes by studying recent research efforts to to explore the structural roots of inequality in America, focusing on a Rhode Island study on the tension between strong individual rights promised to U.S. citizens and ethnic or racial discrimination against African-Americans and other minority groups.

From the Paper
"The paradox of a US national identity involves multiple contradictions, such as citizenship rights promised to US citizens in contrast with differential group discrimination; of external and internal forms of racism with and through one another accepting and excluding certain categories of citizens; of civic and ethnic nationalisms that respond to the established but unstable two-faced US national identity; the combined change and continuity that has allowed American society to constantly and repeatedly transform while retaining a deeply entrenched racial hierarchy; and a deeply gendered or masculine American family ideal that constructs and hides these contradictions, at the same time. Addressing these inconsistencies, inequalities and contradictions requires listening to those with different interpretations of how it is to be treated "like one of the US national family" but actually excluded from that US national family altogether. It will mean finding a way to reconfigure that long-standing relationships among race, ethnicity and that idealized US national identity as well as working to reclaim the language of family in the process."

Tags:race, racism, hispanic, black, african, american, rhode, island, census, ethnicity, immigrant, opportunity

Abstract
This paper focuses on the impact of globalization upon the geography of population in urban and suburban Toronto, with specific reference to how it has transformed immigration to Canada and immigrant settlement in this region in particular. The thesis is argued that the impact of globalization and immigration in this regard has been mixed: on the one hand fostering economic growth and the creation of a multicultural society, while on the other increasing social and economic inequality leading to the concentration and segregation of immigrant populations within urban spaces. Beginning first with an outline of globalization and its relationship to immigration, the paper explores in greater detail the impact of these phenomena upon the local geographies of immigrant settlement in the urban and suburban areas of the Greater Toronto region.

From the Paper
"In this analysis, in order for Canada to meet the competitive demands of the globalized economy, it had to increase the number of immigrants for its labour force. Given the increasing prosperity of the traditional source countries in Europe, immigrants were increasingly drawn from non-traditional source countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The results of this are apparent in the increasing multicultural population of the city of Toronto. However, scholars have also noted how immigration has played a critical role in not only allowing the labour force to (re)produce itself generationally - in complementing the deficit from declining fertility levels - but also in introducing new skill sets and foreign capital to the economy. "

Tags:segregation, racism, economy, ethnic

Abstract
This paper examines social patterns and trends as they relate to immigration by blacks, and especially black women. The time frame is the past century, in which we discriminatory and preventive measures by the Canadian government. The paper further examines this pattern through the structural functional perspective because immigration policy is designed to ensure that Canadian society is of a certain type.

From the Paper
"Sociology is concerned with social patterns and trends. The patterns of immigration by blacks, and especially black women, over this century demonstrate discriminatory and preventive measures by the Canadian government. The pattern is best understood through the structural functional perspective because immigration policy is designed to ensure that Canadian society is of a certain type. The Canadian government permits certain quotas of immigrants into the country at specific times for labor needs. However, it also carefully controls immigration and..."

Tags:policy, inequality, racism