Abstract
This paper discusses individual rights in England and America before the Constitutional Convention. The paper begins by discussing the Charter of Liberties, enacted into English law in 1100 under King Henry I. The paper explains that the charter specifically addressed the king's treatment of church officials and was intended to ensure their freedoms in the country. The charter attempted to address the known abuses that that former kings had levied against those representing the church, and it restricted the king's power by law. The paper also explains that the Charter of Liberties was considered the framework for the Magna Carta and that it was agreed to by Henry I.

Tags:individual, rights, america

Abstract
The paper discusses how one of the major themes of the Canadian criminal justice system is that of the balance between individual rights and public protection. The paper shows how it is difficult to maintain this delicate balance and critics often argue that the balance is tipped in one of these two directions. This paper examines the balance and attempts to conclude whether the public or the individual is getting the short end of the stick in the Canadian criminal justice system.

From the Paper
"One of the major themes of the Canadian criminal justice system is that of the balance between individual rights and public protection. This balance is ever-changing and involves a need to allow equilibrium between criminal justice agencies and their ability to apprehend and prosecute offenders as a form of crime control, and the right of citizens to be protected from potential abuses of this power, known as due process (Griffiths, 2007, p. 29). However, it is difficult to maintain this delicate balance. Critics often argue that the balance is tipped in one of these two directions. The present paper examines this balance and attempts to conclude whether the..."

Tags:individual, public, rights

Abstract
This paper discusses the legal case, 'Roe v. Wade', and the Patriot Act to examine the issue of individual rights and social responsibility. The paper distinguishes between individual rights, with the case of Roe v. Wade, a United States Supreme Court case that found that a women's right to abortion was fundamental and could only be restricted if there was a compelling state interest and social responsibility and the Patriot Act, which was passed following 9/11 and which is an example of when social responsibility takes priority over individual liberty. The paper then discusses the need for individuals to give up part of their freedom and some of their rights in order to benefit and protect society as a whole. The paper also stresses that a balance in individual rights and social responsibility is important for the growth of a community and for the betterment of the country.

Outline:
Introduction
Individual Rights
Social Responsibility
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Civilized human society operates through the idea of a social contract. Individuals give up part of their freedoms and some of their rights in order to benefit and protect society as a whole. The essential provision of the social contract is cooperation. One of the aims of a social contract is a stable society. In a civilized society, individual rights in certain situations will not have priority over the protection of the whole. In the United States a balancing act has been accomplished without the extremes of a police state. Even in our society there is conflict between individual rights and social responsibility."

Tags:civil liberties, ethics morals freedom statutes

Abstract
This paper defines and discusses the two ideologies of individual rights and public order. In particular, the paper compares the philosophies of both ideologies and discusses the pros and cons of each one. The paper concludes that in a well-maintained society a balance of both individual rights and public order is a necessity, although there can be a thin line between the two.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Individual Rights
Advantages to Individual Rights
Disadvantages to Individual Rights
Public Order
Advantages to Public Order
Disadvantages to Public Order
Summary
Conclusion

From the Paper
"When crack cocaine hit the streets in 1980s and 1990s, the public observed an increase in crime, which threatened the foundation of their community and society as a whole. Problems include drug addiction; vandalism and destructive behavior; rape and other sexual offenses; gang-related violence; drug trafficking; vehicular accidents and injuries and other violent and property crimes. Violence associated with drugs has turned many neighborhoods, especially the poverty-stricken areas into war zones. Gang-related activities are at the core of many of the violent crime sprees. While gang-motivated murders declined in the early 1990s, gang-affiliated homicides rose. This increase was due to the involvement of gang members - not gangs in the drug trade."

Tags:society, behavior, liberty, constitution

Abstract
This paper explains that the people of the Island of Tagg want to author a constitutional document that is at the vanguard of improving the preservation of rights in a way that is realistic and able to be preserved. Next, the author relates the ideas of Thomas Paine and Karl Marx as the base upon which the citizens of Tagg can express their belief in social democracy. The paper concludes by discussing five statement of individual rights that must be included in the Constitution.

Table of Contents:
Preamble
Statement of Individual Rights
The Right to an Effective Democratic Government.
The Right to Protection and Representation in International Affairs
The Right to Law and Protection under the Law
The Right to the Protection of Individuality, Life and Liberty
The Right to Adapt the Statement of Individual Rights

From the Paper
"The enforcement of the law will also be dependent upon public jury trial and civil court case proceedings, which will be intended to devise the conditions by which a dispute between citizens or between state and citizen has come to pass and the conditions by which justice can be restored to any given scenario. It is the right of the people to see that the system of laws in place is designed with justice as its chief goal and with mercy as its balancing principle in achieving equitable and appropriate judgment and sentencing upon criminal offenders."

Tags:ratification, effective, protection, system, ownership

Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of individual rights and how this concept extends far back into early English history. The paper points out that, while the individual rights granted under the American Constitution have evolved and changed to include more than the original beliefs about individual rights, the authors of the Constitution were heavily influenced by early English and French philosophers and their ideas about rights and liberties.

From the Paper
"Although many individuals today might like to romanticize the origin of individual rights in America, suggesting that such rights began and ended with the passage of the current version of the United States Constitution that now governs the totality of the American land, the actual history of a private citizen's individual rights in America and England is far more checkered and complex. America's founding fathers owe a far greater debt to English and French philosophies of rights and liberties than were acknowledged at the time for the idea that the individual citizen possesses certain inalienable rights that cannot be impinged upon by the state. Also, the Articles of Confederation that were eventually passed contained the seeds of the later document that was to govern the land, even though it was too weak a document to provide the type of unity that the international politics of the time demanded to accord respect to the new American union and nation."

Tags:john, locke, life, liberty, property, inalienable, human, citizen, intrinsic, thomas, jefferson

Abstract
This paper discusses the balance between individual rights and public protection within the Canadian criminal justice system. It describes the importance of equilibrium between criminal justice agencies and their ability to apprehend and prosecute offenders as a form of crime control, and the right of citizens to be protected from potential abuses of this power, known as due process. The paper examines this balance and attempts to determine whether the public or the individual is losing out in the Canadian criminal justice system.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Major Themes Intrinsic to the Balance
Legal Recognition of Individual Rights
The Dangers of Imbuing Police with Too Much Power
In Favor of Individual Liberty and Accountability?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Without a doubt, the criminal justice system is not a perfect one. Infringements of individual rights often occur at the expense of concern for public safety. Actions that compromise individual often come from the police, who act on behalf of the Criminal Code and related charters. When one points to illegal actions of the police on behalf of justice enforcement, one must also remember that police are accountable for their actions, just like every other individual in society. It appears moreover that such monitoring is on the increase: for example, "accountability of systems of correction is an emerging trend" (ibid, p. 381) and some may say that increased accountability of the police is a defining criminal justice trend (Griffiths, "Introduction to the Criminal Justice System", Unit 4). This is evidence of the fact that the justice system, although imperfect, strives to imbue the police with the right amount of control and power so that the justice of both individuals and the public are simultaneously upheld."

Tags:prosecution enforcement, due process

Abstract
This paper discusses the various philosophical approaches to individual rights and the role of the state as a guarantor of those rights. Particularly the paper utilizes the perspectives of John Stuart Mill and James Madison to provide greater insight into the character of individual freedoms related to liberty and happiness as well as political constructs intended to protect them.

From the Paper
"John Stuart Mill and James Madison a. Mill's approach to liberty and its constraints, either real or artificial, in "On Liberty" informs the reader that he is only in the formative stages of his examination on the ultimate character of liberty as a social and moral construct vis-?vis the individual. In other words, while many readers and philosophical inquisitors have concluded that much of Mill's construct in "On Liberty" remain beyond the ken of the average individual and thus insoluble to a degree, Mill does offer the reviewer some definitive insight into what he is hoping to accomplish through the production of this text: ...the practical question, where to place the limit -- how to make the fitting adjustment between individual independence and social control -- is a subject on which nearly everything remains to be done..."

Tags:mill, madison, liberty

Abstract
This paper discusses individual rights versus public order and argues that public order takes precedence over individual rights. The paper assesses the duties of both citizens and of government and then details various situations in which there are tensions and conflict between the two.

From the Paper
"In this report, the notion of individual rights and public order are examined and an argument advanced in favor of the primacy of public order over the rights of the individual. Generally, as Levinson has commented, in..."

Tags:public order, individual rights, Immanuel Kant, U.S. Constitution

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts selections on individual rights relating to the family, private property, and religion from the Irish Constitution and considers the question of whether the Constitution of Ireland or that of the United States does a better job in protecting the rights of individuals.

From the Paper
"Article 41 of the Irish Constitution considers issues relating to the family. This, in and of itself, is remarkable as there is no comparable clause in the U.S. Constitution. Ireland goes so far as to recognize "the Family as the natural, primary and fundamental unit group of society . . . possessing inalienable and imprescriptible rights, antecedent and superior to all positive law." Furthermore, the Irish Constitution extends special protections to women, in particular, women who are with child to insure that they are properly cared for. Although the U.S. Constitution certainly grants some protection to women, it is rather vague and subject to great interpretation. The wording of the Irish Constitution leaves little room for doubt as to the rights of women."

Tags:freedom, liberty, rights