Abstract
The choice between knowledge and survival reflects a change in society that alters the perceived purpose of man. An equal acceptance of both displays the balance between science and humanism. The paper shows that while Plato disregards individual lives and views knowledge as the highest good man can achieve, Hobbes maintains that survival is mankind's main goal and that reason and knowledge are secondary. It shows that by the founding of the United States, President Thomas Jefferson meshed the two ideals together and viewed both goals as equally important.

From the Paper
"In the Lewis and Clark expedition, Thomas Jefferson emphasized the importance of both the lives of his men, and the knowledge gained during the expedition. The twin forces of survival and acquisition of knowledge have become two of the governing factors in the lives of man, and often philosophers will place one over the other. In Ancient Greece, the philosopher Plato, in The Republic, values knowledge over the survival of the individual. He reveals his belief in the supremacy of knowledge over human life in his depiction of the individual within his virtuous city and also the purpose of government in general. Although forgotten and lost for many centuries, Platonic thought resurfaced during the Renaissance, and continued to persuade the minds of philosophers."

Tags:independence, kallipolis, republic, slavery

Abstract
McNamara (2008) states that leadership is at the core of any organization (sec. 1). This is because leaders must serve as the inspiration for all workers within the organization and motivate each individual to achieve their optimal level of effort. Working with both management and lower level workers, leaders create change that is beneficial to the organization and that supports the goals of company as time progresses. Additionally, leaders are trusted by workers because of the knowledge and skills that they possess to make change happen. This requires leaders to consistently acquire new knowledge and skills and be capable of exchanging their knowledge and skills with their subordinates in order for all within the organization to achieve success. This philosophy of leadership relates to every organization, including the United States military and the Army Nurse's Corps.

From the Paper
Army Nurses and Leadership McNamara (2008) states that leadership is at the core of any organization (sec. 1). This is because leaders must serve as the inspiration for all workers within the organization and motivate each individual to achieve their optimal level of effort. Working with both management and lower level workers, leaders create change that is beneficial to the organization and that supports the goals of company as time progresses. Additionally, leaders are trusted by workers because of the knowledge and skills that they possess to make change happen. This requires leaders to consistently acquire new knowledge and skills and be capable of exchanging

Tags:army, leadership, nurses

Abstract
This paper explains that the search for what is true and knowable has received an enormous amount of attention throughout the millennia; however whether there can be complete objectivity or subjectivity in the realm of knowledge and human affairs has naturally been a major part of this debate. The author points out that, because the personal state is primarily controlled by individual decisions to various levels of commitment to knowing what is true and to achieving this, the personal state is the framework to understanding the intricate interplay between the powerful external forces in people's lives and the personal decisions that guide their day-to-day decisions, values and perceptions. The paper relates that the "scientific method" and both classical empiricism and rationalism are mistaken because they are insufficient in and of themselves to achieve comprehensive understanding and informed knowledge.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"For example, in his book, "Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy", Michael Polanyi (1997) makes the interesting point that while humans perceive the world around them through their various senses, these perceptions are only limited and incomplete versions of reality because people necessarily base them on a worldview colored by personal experiences and beliefs that naturally affect their ability to objectively analyze what they perceive. These unique interpretations are absolutely required, though, because this is the method universally used by all people, who are also an inextricable element in the analysis."

Tags:rules, truth, personal, interplay, absolutism

Tags:around, days, eighty, fogg, jules, phileas, verne, world

Abstract
Piran, Levine and Adair (1998) state that there is a specific body image that women are expected to maintain or be ostracized from the social order (p. 1-25). To attempt to achieve this perfect body image many female athletes will elect to control their intake of food excessively, leading to eating disorders (Levitt, Sansone & Cohn, 2004, p. 211). Levitt, Sansone and Cohn (2004) state that knowledge about eating disorders has existed since the 1600s, although not taken seriously until after 1874 (p. 211). Despite this knowledge, however, the impact of eating disorders on athletes did not come to the fore of public concern until the death of Christy Henrich (Rhea, Jambor & Wiginton, 1996, p. 66). Christy Henrich was a female athlete who was in the Olympic trials and was told that she did not make the team because she was too heavy at 97 pounds. By 1994 Henrich weighed 47 pounds and her frail body finally gave out, with the autopsy indicating that she suffered from both anorexia and bulimia. Levitt, Sansone and Cohn (2004) indicate that while eating disorders impact both males and females there is by far a greater number of female athletes that suffer from eating disorders because of the added pressure within society for females in general to conform to social expectations related to body image (p. 211). The research, therefore, will focus on eating disorders and female athletes, the issue and potential resolutions to the issue for the individual.

From the Paper
Eating Disorders and Athletes Introduction Piran, Levine and Adair (1998) state that there is a specific body image that women are expected to maintain or be ostracized from the social order (p. 1-25). To attempt to achieve this perfect body image many female athletes will elect to control their intake of food excessively, leading to eating disorders (Levitt, Sansone & Cohn, 2004, p. 211). Levitt, Sansone and Cohn (2004) state that knowledge about eating disorders has existed since the 1600s, although not taken seriously until after 1874 (p. 211). Despite this knowledge, however, the impact of eating disorders on

Tags:eating, disorders, athletes

Abstract
The paper discusses how personality development occurs through events and thoughts stored in the unconscious mind. The paper explains how these elements directly affect the personality without the individual's knowledge; the focus is on the unconscious, with the individual focusing on creating a balance between the conscious and the unconscious. The paper then explains that if balance is not achieved, neurosis and psychosis can develop. The paper goes on to address other personality concepts.

Tags:personality, complex, traits

Abstract
This paper discusses citizen involvement and other contemporary techniques of performance appraisal for public administration programs. The paper states that performance appraisal or performance measurement is a tool to explore the quality of an individual's or department's achievement in relationship to job objectives. The author prefers the performance appraisal system by J. Luthy that emphasizes objective criteria: Core/job-specific attributes, technical knowledge and skills, interpersonal characteristics and skills, job-related objectives and assignments, career management, peer-customer review and employee-to-supervisor feedback.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Performance Appraisal
Contemporary Techniques

From the Paper
"The ICMA Center for Performance Measurement referenced in the introduction had several ideas about the future of performance appraisal. It has developed pilot programs so that groups with special interests can develop highly detailed and focused comparisons that contribute to the overall database. Three of the major emphases for the future in terms of performance appraisal include (1) on-line data collection and query capability; (2) identification of "best practices" associated with high performance; and, (3) regular collection of outcome information from citizen/customer surveys."

Tags:citizen, tool, objectives, achievement, management

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the late 17th Century, Sir Isaac Newton, one of the greatest geniuses of all time, ushered in the age of enlightenment with his scientific work and methods. As the years went on after that, humanity's hopes were dashed, as it became apparent that human intellect could not compensate for, or prevent, man's inhumanity to man. By the early 20th century, people were witnessing the first great world war, and many must have despaired. However, the writer points out that Albert Einstein, a man whose stature rivaled that of Newton, bought renewed hope in that troubled century. Indeed, Einstein personified the human intelligence and achievement that transformed the earth in the 20th century. In this century, humans went from foot or horse-drawn transportation to cars, trains, airplanes and space flight. People became supermen and superwomen, thanks to the ability of the human brain to make massive technological advances. The writer maintains that of all people in that century - and the competition was certainly strong - Einstein most of all personified human genius.

From the Paper
"Einstein was thus perfectly placed to become the icon of human achievement in the 20th century. On a more negative note, this was also the century when the atomic bomb was invented and deployed - and this meant that humanity discovered it not only had the capacity to perfect the planet, but it also had the capacity to destroy the planet. The atomic bomb was made possible by the Einstein scientific discoveries in the fields of what has come to be known as Newtonian physics. Yet despite Einstein's key role in developing this horrific weapon, and the fact that he has been dead for more than 50 years, he is still remembered by many with reverence and love as a cultural icon, such that his face is almost as familiar as Ronald McDonald's. How can we account for this?"

Tags:knowledge, Newton, relativity, individuality

Abstract
The writer argues that a teacher's primary role is as a facilitator. The writer posits that under No Child Left Behind, teachers must be highly qualified which means they are subject matter experts that should be able to efficiently and effectively impart knowledge to their students. The writer also discusses how one part of the teaching and learning process entails establishing caring, nurturing relationships that positively impact student achievement. The writer further argues that a teacher should be a skilled technician who possesses the ability to manage the learning of all students either via whole group learning or using more individualized instruction strategies.

From the Paper
"A teacher's primary role is as a facilitator. Under No Child Left Behind, teachers must be highly qualified which means they are subject matter experts that should be able to efficiently and effectively impart knowledge to their students. One part of the teaching and learning process entails establishing caring, nurturing relationships that positively impact student achievement. A teacher should be a skilled technician who possesses the ability to manage the learning of all students either via whole group learning or using more individualized instruction strategies."

Tags:education, philosophy, differentiation

Abstract
The paper discusses how in standards based learning, there should be a focus on the background knowledge of the student and the objectives of the lesson in order to ensure that the mission of instruction has been accomplished during each lesson. The paper explains that the objectives are the result of standards, which have been created to ensure that learning occurs in specific areas of the curriculum and that the learning is lasting. The paper points out, however, that in order to accomplish these tasks, the teacher must implement curriculum plans that will support standards based learning, as well as individualized student achievement within the schools.

From the Paper
"In standards based learning there should be a focus on the background knowledge of the student and the objectives of the lesson in order to ensure that the mission of instruction has been accomplished during each lesson. The objectives are the result of standards, which have been created to ensure that learning occurs in specific areas of the curriculum and that the learning is lasting. Yet, in order to accomplish these tasks the teacher must implement curriculum plans that will support standards based learning, as well as individualized student achievement within the schools."

Tags:edu, standards, outcomes