Abstract
The women's suffrage movement began before March 4th, 1912 in London, but it was on that day that the world understood that suffrage was no women's tea-party discussion, it was now a violent rage against the male oppression of women that had been in evidence since God stripped Hagar of her son and turned her back to slavery. It is the purpose of this paper to examine the suffrage movement at the turn of the last century within the context of Victorian England and to demonstrate that the ability to participate in the political system was only the tip of an iceberg that would eventually lead to a woman holding the highest public office in Great Britain.

Tags:women's, suffrage, movement

Abstract
This paper traces the history of the women's suffrage movement in 19th century America, with an emphasis on its leaders and goals. In particular, the contributions of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Fanny Wright are illustrated through their writings and lectures. The paper states that women earning the right to vote meant a nearly complete transformation of social norms in the United States. The paper also describes the connection between the abolitionist movement and women's suffrage. The writer concludes that despite the ratification of the 19th Amendment, women still suffered from widespread discrimination and continue to fight for equal rights even today.

From the Paper
"Susan B. Anthony and scores of other prominent suffragists rallied as much for the cause of abolition as for women's rights. One of the most notable companion causes of 19th century suffragists was the temperance movement. In fact, suffragist Frances Willard had been intimately involved in the Christian Temperance movement and in 1891 became president World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union. The temperance movement's primary objective was the reduction in alcohol abuse, and in 1872, the Prohibition Party became the "first national political party to recognize the right of suffrage for women in its platform," ("Women's History in America"). Therefore, the women's suffrage movement did not exist in isolation of other social, economic, and political causes."

Tags:women's, suffrage, women's, rights, Fanny, Wright, Elizabeth, Cady, Stanton, 19th, amendment

Abstract
The paper shows how Bacchi (1983) and Cleverdon (1974) take entirely different approaches to the suffrage movement in Canada yet generally reach the same conclusions. The paper looks at how Bacchi focuses on the English-Canadian suffragists in Toronto between 1877-1918, while Cleverdon's work is far more inclusive since she analyzes suffrage groups all over Canada and especially in Quebec where the suffragists achieved victory in 1940. This paper determines the arguments of each author as well as the type of evidence used to support those arguments.

From the Paper
"Bacchi (1983) and Cleverdon (1974) take entirely different approaches to the suffrage movement in Canada yet generally reach the same conclusions. Bacchi focuses on the English-Canadian suffragists in Toronto between 1877-1918. Cleverdon's work is far more inclusive since she analyzes suffrage groups all over Canada and especially in Quebec where the suffragists achieved victory in 1940. This review will determine the arguments of each author as well as determining the type of evidence used to support those arguments. The two books will be compared and the..."

Tags:bacchi, cleverdon, suffrage

Abstract
The paper studies the first and second wave of feminism in Canada. The paper includes as a main topic how the issue of women's suffrage changes over this time period. The paper explains that essentially, suffrage was originally a political tool for the upper classes.

From the Paper
"When most people hear the term women's suffrage they automatically think of feminism. There is a mistaken belief that the terms feminism and suffrage are interchangeable. However there are major differences between the terms. Feminism is the term used for a broad category of women's movements. When discussing the similarities within the currents of feminism, Nancy Adamson et al note, "All recognize that women are oppressed and exploited by virtue of being women; and all feminist organize to make change" (Adamson et al. 9)."

Tags:women's, suffrage, canada

Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the development of democracy in the context of the free market economies that have emerged across North America has been a subject of much interest to historians and economists alike. The writer discusses that in an enlightening article entitled, 'The Evolution of Suffrage Institutions in the New World', authors Engerman and Sokoloff examine the character of institutional development within the context of election rights the control of the political elite over these institutions.

Tags:suffrage, economic, franchise

Abstract
In this article, the writer analyzes four speeches by women's rights activists regarding women's suffrage and the denial of franchise to women. The writer discusses the words of these women, that support equality of rights to women. This paper discusses speeches by Amelia Bloomer, Susan B. Anthony, Sojourner Truth and Jane Adams.

From the Paper
"Much has been written about efforts undertaken by women activists in the United States and elsewhere to achieve the rights and privileges of full citizenship, specifically the right to vote. Linda Kerber commented that in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century, American women advanced the claims of rights against the state arguing that the denial of the franchise to women should be regarded as unconstitutional and that the law of domestic relations which had positioned women as under obligation only to ... "

Tags:women's suffrage, text analysis

Abstract
This paper examines in-depth the suffrage movement which started in 1832 when Mary Smith, an unmarried property owner started the struggle for equality. This paper contains a wealth of facts and dates pertaining to women's voting rights, as well as a detailed history of the many protests and accomplishments for women's rights.
Topics covered in this report include:
Introduction
Why - Reasons for the Protest
Who - Types of People Involved
How - Methods of Protest
What - Accomplishments of the Protest
References

From the Paper
"The first recorded hunger strike of a suffragette in prison was staged by Marion Wallace in 1909. Many others followed, such that the hunger strikes drew the sympathy of the public and the press, which were jolted from their own long-held belief that women's place was in the home. This growing feeling of sympathy turned to outrage when it was reported that prison authorities resorted to force-feeding the inmates by shoving a steel tube down their throat or nose."

Tags:popular, protest, rights, suffrage, vote, women, law, movement

Abstract
This paper explores and details North American Indian life and culture as portrayed in Donald Hughes' book "North American Indian Ecology." This paper discusses the land issues facing the North American Indian tribes including overgrazing, erosion and assessments of appropriate land usage. The writer of this paper finds Hughes' book to be straightforward and concise in clarifying the characteristics of Indian life such as hunting, food growing and rituals.

From the Paper
"Tribes are having to mediate the disparate demands of their members and the industrial mindset of the BIA to balance forest use for economic need and preservation for cultural need. Tribes face many of the same problems as non-Native communities held hostage by the timber industry. Replanting has not always kept pace with harvesting on public or trust lands. The push to harvest old-growth timber is constrained by federal mandates to protect endangered species habitats, putting people out of work. Few local communities gain the "value-added" benefits of processing their own timber especially jobs and new businesses and when they do the environmental impact of mill sites has to be factored into any cost-benefit analysis."

Tags:ecology, land, environment, law, native, american, indian, oil, culture

Abstract
This paper explores how to properly orient Canadian undergraduate students who are to read Indian Muslim novels in English, as distinct from other English-medium work from South Asia. The paper addresses how to impart the Indian Muslim cultural heritage; how it differs from much believed about Islam or Indian Muslims in the present and the need for full historical orientation.

From the Paper
"To introduce an item of Islamic literature in present-day North America promises ample student misunderstanding due to the sway of media propaganda and wide scale ignorance of Islam as a varied phenomenon. (See Lindblom 2003) When preparing first classes for undergraduates who will read South Asian novels by Indian Muslim authors, one needs to expect low general knowledge, inspired to see how exposure to Indian Muslim literature can produce better understanding and curiosity to do with an Islamic world at least as varied as its Christian or other counterparts."

Tags:indian muslim, literature/novels, how to teach

Abstract
The first part of the paper compares the marriage practices among the Yanomamo Indians in northern Brazil, the Sherpa people of the Himalayas and the !Kung Sen people of the Kalahari desert. These ethnographic examples were selected because of their geographic and racial diversity.
The second part of the paper examines the gender relations and division of labor within the household, and how such traditional gender structures in the home are being affected by the growing number of women who work outside the home, both by choice and by economic need. The last part of the paper examines women's participation in the economic sphere outside the home. Since traditional economic measures generally ignore women's work in the "informal" economy, this section gives special focus on women whose economic participation is often overlooked, such as the maquiladoras of Mexico and the small vendors and business owners in Jamaica. In the conclusion, the paper teases out how -- despite outward changes such as suffrage and growing educational opportunities for women -- patriarchal norms remain deeply embedded in the social and economic structures all over the world.

From the Paper
"In the United States, most women are free to pick to pick their choice of mates and to enter into marriage agreements. The prevailing view in many developed and Westernized country is to see marriage as a partnership. In many societies around the world, however, marriage is more than a union of two people. Most women do not have a choice regarding their mates. For example, the Yanomamo Indians of northern Brazil use marriage arrangements to forge alliances and to maintain peace within the villages. Most women are expected to marry at a young age, via previous arrangements. Among the Yanomami, only men are allowed to have more than one spouse. A man who successfully obtains several wives ensures that his grandsons will have a wide pool of cross-cousins from which to find a wife (Chagnon, 1997).
Like the Yanomamos, the Sherpas of Nepal have exogamic restrictions governing marriage. Traditional marriages arranged by parents are still the norm. The consent of marriage partners became more important and there are also increasing instances of Sherpas marrying Nepalis from outside the Sherpa community."

Tags:suffrage, Yanomamo, Sherpa, !Kung, Sen, Kalahari, Himalayas, Brazil, gender