Abstract
Particularly in the years immediately prior to the War of Independence, the Native people of the Americas had more political power and leverage with European settlers and the colonists than they were ever to have in subsequent years. The paper shows, however, that after America formally became a nation with a European-style government, the Indian nations and intertribal struggles were in conflict with the new government. The paper briefly examines the events, reasons, and causes leading to the removal of the Indians from the East and the Indian Removal Act.

From the Paper
"The history of racism is rife with euphemisms. "Removal" became a polite legal euphemism for what is now called "The Trail of Tears" of the Cherokee People and the other five native tribes whom were legally and systematically denied their rights to the land their people had occupied for as long as memory, by an act of the United States Congress. The Twenty-First Congress of the United States of America passed the Indian Removal Act of 1830 on May 26, 1830. It should be noted that the act's passage did not come easily, and only transpired after four months of strong debate."

Tags:Cherokee, Trail, of, Tears, Davy, Crockett

Abstract
This paper looks at the implications of the Indian Removal Act of 1840, and its consistency with the United States Constitution. It explores the critical effect of the act and whether it was in line with the Bill of Rights.

Abstract
The Removal Act of May 28,1830, was an act by both houses of Congress of the U.S., which provided for an exchange of lands with the native Indian tribes residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal west of the Mississippi River, their traditional land, to the prairies. This paper describes leading up to the Act being passed, the anti-removal faction, which hotly debated the law, and the Cherokee fight against the law, which unfortunately led to the Trail of Tears.

From the Paper
"Like other removal opponents, Congressman Henry Storrs of New York was apprehensive towards giving the President power to deal directly with the Indians. The bill, if approved by Congress, would vest the President precisely with that power. He stated James Madison's sentiment that the Founding Fathers would not have given one branch of government the power to conduct Indian affairs without the balanced advice and consent of the two others. But this bill would precisely give the President that sole authority to move the Indians out of their land by a mere executive order."

Tags:Constitution, Georgia, John, Ross

Abstract
This paper discusses the transportation by force of the Cherokee nation from their native lands to Oklahoma that was mandated by the U.S. government in 1838. While it was Jackson's successor, Martin Van Buren, who would order the forced march that became known as the "Trail of Tears", the policies that led to the forced removal had begun in 1830 under Jackson with the Indian Removal Act. The writer describes the horrors of the march and its devastating effects on the Cherokees as well as the other Indians who were driven out with them. The writer discusses the historical and political background behind the relocation, and the reasons for Jackson's deep-seated hatred and resentment of the Cherokees. The writer also describes the attempts by the Cherokees to negotiate with the U.S. government prior to the march and other circumstances leading up to the march, and concludes with a brief note on what happened to them after their arrival in Oklahoma.

From the Paper
"The Cherokee nation had, at one time, spanned the territories now known as the Carolinas to Florida and West to Mississippi. Over the course of several millennia, the Cherokee had banded together five tribes, each with its place in a relatively democratic political structure, where respect for the rule of law was absolute, and their culture significantly advanced. Education was paramount, they maintained a very solid and reliable economy, and they maintained the belief that they could successfully co-exist with the Americans. This, of course, would prove to be exceptionally naive when it came to Jackson. Where he had failed in his youth, he was certainly able to get back at the Cherokee decades later."

Tags:racist eviction land-hungry obsolescence genocide, Monroe Doctrine, Supreme Court, opposition exposure anti-Indian

Abstract
This paper talks about the background of the Cherokee Indians, the Indian Removal Act, the removal forts they were put into, and the trail of tears they trudged on, and symbols that symbolize the trail of tears and the pain the Cherokee Indians endured. The author includes several maps in the paper.

From the Paper
'In the 1800s, the Cherokee Indians were forced off their ancestral lands in Georgia and coerced to march the long, bitter journey to Oklahoma, where the government had decided they should live. This journey became known as the "Trail of Tears" for the grief it caused the Cherokee. It was called "Nunna dual Tsuny" by the tribe, which literally meant the "Trail Where They Cried". The Cherokee were a friendly tribe, but were stripped of justice as they were made to trudge hundreds of miles in bad weather; many were treated brutally, and many died either in concentration camps or on the trail itself."

Tags:act, cherokee, forts, general, georgia, guard, indian, indians, removal, reservation, scott, territory, winfield

Abstract
This paper describes the events leading up to and the eventual expulsion of the Cherokee people from their land and the resulting effects. The paper also describes the life that the Cherokees had before and after the removal occurred.

Outline:
Pressure To Remove Cherokee
The Impact Of The Discovery Of Gold On Tribe's Land
The Indian Removal Act
Attempts To Repeal Act
Treaty Party & The Treaty of New Echota
The Removal Begins
The Trail Of Tears
Life Before the Removal
Contact with European Society
Life Immediately After the Removal
The Real Truth about the Trail of Tears

From the Paper
"The removal of the Cherokee from their native lands has had a lasting impact on the tribe. Those who survived left behind a life and culture that they had practiced for hundreds of years. The tribe later had no choice but to adopt new ways of living if they hoped to remain alive in a harsh, new environment.
"The removal of Native Americans occurred during much of the 18th century and continued into the early 19th century. Between 1812 and 1830, however, the pressure for removal of more Native Americans including the Cherokee tribes, began to increase."

Tags:native, Cherokee, tribe

Abstract
The paper provides the definition of a good president, reveals Andrew Jackson's popularity and focuses on three policies that define his presidency and were key in establishing precedents and expanding the role of president. The paper discusses South Carolina's refusal to obey a high tariff act, the National Bank closure and the Indian Removal Act. The paper emphasizes the qualities of Jackson and concludes that if Jackson was in fact to blame for his policies, his voters, peers and the politicians who became Presidents without changing the policies are equally as guilty.

From the Paper
"There are 3 policies that defined Jackson's presidency. These were key in establishing precedent and expanding the role of president, which still influences our system today. The 3 policies are: Nullification, National Bank Closure and the Indian Removal Act.
"Andrew Jackson was only the 7th president in a young country. Each president before Jackson tried to take actions that were defined by the Constitution and to cooperate with the will of Congress. Andrew Jackson was the first president to win the election with a clear majority, and he was the first President to be re elected."

Tags:voters, Indians, National, Bank, South, Carolina

Abstract
This paper discusses Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of the USA who played the most active role in the political and military actions needed to ensure the removal of the Native Americans from their ancestral lands to those the government and its people chose for them. The author summarizes Jackson's ideologies and actions and his concept of manifest destiny as well as his military career. The paper explains how Jackson's experience in life, war and politics serve as an era standard for policy changes. The paper also examines the Indian Removal Act of 1830 that was set about in motion by Jackson as well as his other actions and legislation to free the land from Indian rights to it.

From the Paper
"Andrew Jackson has the dubious honor of being the president who played the most active role in the political and military actions needed to ensure the removal of the Native Americans from their ancestral lands to those the government and its people chose for them. The most massive forced migrations of native peoples in the history of the US occurred under the watch and with the active participation of Jackson's ideologies and actions. Though he was far from alone in the sentiment that natives needed to be contained and removed from land US citizens wished to settle and in other ways exploit his decisive actions formed the backbone of the "legitimate" manner in which such was done."

Tags:politics, native americans

Abstract
This paper examines how the Indian Removal Acts and the pursued self-interested wars with other nations historically defined and identified the 1800s as the Age of Imperialism and provided the platform for American imperialistic trends. While the United States imperialistic actions did not manifest as conquests for land, the United States' involvement in Latin America and the Middle East are just two examples of the country's imperialism. The paper also discusses how American imperialism differs from other nation's application of imperialism due to the lack of conquest of land and how the United States use of political and military power for self-interest, outside of its boundaries, has resulted in an imperialist legacy.

From the Paper
"The Indian Removal Acts and the pursued self-interested wars with other nations historically defined and identified the 1800's as the Age of Imperialism and provided the platform for American imperialistic trends. While the United States imperialistic actions did not manifest as conquests for land, the United States' involvement in Latin America and the Middle East are just two examples of the state's imperialism. Such involvements are often masqueraded through an altruistic attempt to extend democracy and Western ideals, studies have suggested the pursuit of extending the use of the democratic system does not provide absolute benefit for those of oppression, in which the United States' imperialistic theories claim (Ross 2006, p. 860). Likewise, the American invasions prompting the Gulf Wars and the current Iraq conflict are overtly accepted as wars seeking protection for abused populations; however, many suggest the wars were ignited due to the governmental interest of United States."

Tags:Indian, Removal, Acts, latin, america

Abstract
The paper relates that Henrietta Stockel's book is both a history of the conflict between Whites and native peoples and a medical analysis of the history of disease and early American medicine. The paper explains the author's thesis that the Chiricahua Apaches tribes were destroyed by disease and cultural eradication by the American government. The paper portrays Stockel's idea removing a tribe from its native soul is not merely an act of injustice, or cultural violence, but also medical and biological cruelty.

From the Paper
"When detailing the terrible effects of White civilization upon the Chiricahua, Stockel connects the native susceptibility to disease from their original dwellings to their suffering from numerous maladies while imprisoned as what she calls captives of war of the American government. The book details a kind of fall from Eden for the Chiricahua, from their early roots and culture, closely connected to their native soil, to what transpired afterwards, after the military defeat of Geronimo. The first chapters of Stockel's book describe the Southwestern Chiricahua Apaches tribes and their traditions before they met the Anglos, focusing especially their mastery of natural medicines and herbs particular to the hot, dry regions where they lived."

Tags:disease, medicine, culture, violence, prisoners, of, war, Indians