Abstract
This paper explores how to properly orient Canadian undergraduate students who are to read Indian Muslim novels in English, as distinct from other English-medium work from South Asia. The paper addresses how to impart the Indian Muslim cultural heritage; how it differs from much believed about Islam or Indian Muslims in the present and the need for full historical orientation.

From the Paper
"To introduce an item of Islamic literature in present-day North America promises ample student misunderstanding due to the sway of media propaganda and wide scale ignorance of Islam as a varied phenomenon. (See Lindblom 2003) When preparing first classes for undergraduates who will read South Asian novels by Indian Muslim authors, one needs to expect low general knowledge, inspired to see how exposure to Indian Muslim literature can produce better understanding and curiosity to do with an Islamic world at least as varied as its Christian or other counterparts."

Tags:indian muslim, literature/novels, how to teach

Abstract
This paper demonstrates that, regardless of ethnicity and cultural background, migrants worldwide have similar problems of ethnic-identification and cultural assimilation. The author compares two semi-autobiographical novels by two Asian migrant authors of different diasporic movements: Amy Tan's "The Joy Luck Club', which reflects the Asian-American migrant experience, and K.S. Maniam's "The Return", which is a portrayal of the Tamil-Indian migrant community in Malaysia. The paper concludes that migrant literature should maintain its niche in contemporary literature to continue to fulfill its purpose of spotlighting the often silent struggles of migrants everywhere. The paper includes in the appendix a summary of the interview with a professor of post-colonial Malaysian and Singaporean theater and a list of the questions.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Review of Literature
Methods
Findings and Discussions
Cultural Displacement, Ethnic-Identification and Attempts at Assimilation in "The Joy Luck Club" (Amy Tan) and "The Return" (K.S. Maniam)
The Trouble with Tongues: Language as a Barrier to Ethnic-Identification and Cultural Assimilation
The Absence of Reminiscence: The Lack of Memory of the Homeland and its Consequences on Ethnic-Identification
Negotiation and Elusion: Attempts at Assimilation and Ethnic-Identification
Conclusions and Recommendations
Appendix: Interview Questions
Appendix: Interview Summary

From the Paper
"These efforts, however, lead often to crisis of ethnic-identification. It is not simply a matter of being one culture or the other; it is the dilemma of being neither. Many find it difficult, in reality, to articulate the "cultural hybridities" Bhabha mentions. This displacement of and attempts at negotiating ethnic identity thus become the common vein of Tan and Maniam's highly personal works. The semi-autobiographical stance of both novels is reflected through the first-person narrative and the protagonists' personas."

Tags:asian-american tamil-indian ethnic-identification language, cultural memory

Abstract
In this paper, this character analysis focuses on the unethical and cruel behavior by the doctor/father figure in "Indian Camp" by Earnest Hemingway. The inherent lessons that the doctor imparts on his son reflect his racism and lack of human compassion for his patients. This is the unethical foundation for the doctor's behavior, as he views the human body as a mere engine that he has the power to heal. Without humanism and a quest for deeper compassion, the doctor behaves cruelly toward the woman, which results in the suicide of her husband.

From the Paper
"This literary analysis will seek to understand the inherent sense of cruelty and racism that resides within the behaviors of the father/doctor character in Hemingway's "Indian Camp." By observing how the doctor's actions and behaviors reveal the coldness of medical practitioner in Hemingway's narrative, one can understand why ethics is a major issue in this story. By observing the father/doctor character in Earnest Hemingway's "Indian Camp" one can realize the racism and unethical medical behavior that arises in this tale. In Earnest Hemingway's short story: "Indian Camp" an unethical doctor must evaluate and then surgically remove a child due to problem at birth for a native Indian woman."

Tags:indian, hemingway, literature

Abstract
British children in India were often sent to Britain for education, returning to India as adults; after an Indian childhood, most detested England. Paper refers to materials discussing British culture & colonialism in India, what became of such people; references to several works for children on India or by authors who were British children in India; differences of child raising; identity; many such people found in Canada -- often not suited to England.

From the Paper
British Children & Children's Literature of Colonial India Introduction Much has been written on British Indian society and children born in India as were often sent to England for education in long separations from their parents. They knew a different kind of childhood from that of British-born children they came to know, for they had often learned Indian languages before English, in the care of Indian servants, the stories they were told and how they were raised were Indian in a shared experience that was known to generations of Britons in India, till Independence in 1947 and in some cases, beyond. It was usual for British families to spend decades in

Tags:british india, childhood, literature

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the literature that has emanated from the Southern states of the USA. According to the paper, the genre of Southern literature is divided into Old South and New South. The paper goes on to discuss the differences between the two.

From the Paper
"The South would develop as it did because of the nature of the land, the climate, the sorts of agricultural products that could be grown, and the need for a certain level of labor that was answered by the slave system. Much of America was shaped by its sense of the frontier, and in the South the frontier played an important role. More properly, it was the idea of the frontier that shaped American society. American history involves a mixture of histories, cultures, and national backgrounds brought together in what was truly the New World when it was discovered by European settlers. At the time, there were several Indian tribes in North America and the larger civilization of the Aztecs in South America. The settlers from Europe brought their culture with them, and they only broke away from that culture slowly over a period of time as they created something new. With the advent of slavery in the plantation economy of the South, blacks from Africa were brought to the Americas and introduced elements of their culture. These different forces mixed and interacted over time to become the underpinnings of American history and what would become a distinctive American culture."

Tags:cash, Gautreaux, white, black, guilt, Indian

Abstract
This essay discusses how many children's books have been considered classics, but how they have also been challenged as having race and gender bias. Rudyard Kipling's "How The Leopard Got His Spots", Paula Fox's "The Slave Dancer", and Lynne Reid Banks' "The Indian in the Cupboard" are all examined in this context. The paper finds that they have a certain amount of racial bias.

Tags:childrens, literature

Abstract
The author reviews in detail the "The Last of the Mohicans" and "Wieland". She concludes that they are different in style and genre. Both Cooper and Brown contributed greatly to the development of a distinctly American literature. Cooper adapted the Romance; Charles Brockden Brown adapted the European Gothic novel to the American context. Cooper's influence is seen in frontier fiction; Brown's influence, in the works of Poe and Hawthorne.

From the Paper
"James Fenimore Cooper wrote in the vein of European Romantic writers like Walter Scott, while Charles Brockden Brown recreated the new form of the Gothic novel. Both adapted the original forms to the American experience, which meant not only embedding them in the land but also shifting the focus from aristocratic European characters to the common man in the democratic social order in America. Both Cooper and Brown elevated the common man over any ideas about the superiority of the aristocracy and did so in the American setting."

Tags:land, beauty, savagery, new, world, romance, european, gothic, novel, revolution, common, man, novelist, colonial, period, indian, wilderness, farmhouse, rural, pennsylvania, religion

Abstract
In this paper, four North American Indian myths are analyzed to define the extent to which they illustrate characteristics of myths and legends. The paper brings the theory of the use of language as myth.

From the Paper
"Characteristics of Oral and Mythic Literature. Before the invention of writing, the only means of recording human events apart from visual representations, was in stories, myths or legends that were memorized and recited orally to listeners. The universal classics of literature known as the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" created several thousand years ago by the blind Greek poet Homer, were almost certainly recited or chanted and only written down at a much later date."

Tags:Myth, American, Indians

Abstract
This research paper attempts to show that the Indian Hindu wedding feast has changed its form and content, but its meanings in terms of family politics, social and religious norms have not changed. The dissertation includes evidence that can prove that, despite globalization, modernization, and import of western ideas and cultures, the function of the weeding feast has not changed despite the changes in the form and content. In other words, while the cuisine elements due to additional foods and spices being introduced have changed, the tradition of the consumption of food and the meanings behind this consumption have continued to remain the same over time.


Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Research Questions
Significance of the Research
Methodology
Literature Review
The Caste System In India
The Hindu Marriage Ceremony
The Woman in the Society and Family Hierarchy in India
Food, Eating, and the Wedding Feast in India
Review of the Literature Reviewed In this Study

From the Paper
"The work of Bloch, Rao and Desai relates that the marriage of a daughter in India in the costliest event in the life of this family which many times results in the parents of the daughter getting into great debt with interest rates "of over 200 percent." The expenditure on food for a wedding is stated to be "more than six times a family's annual income" and many times forces the family into "destitution and bonded labor, especially when there are several daughters to be married." Gender discrimination that occurs in India has been attributed to this specific economic burden."

Tags:parable, gender discrimination, gold wedding jewelry, tea, ritual of sharing

Abstract
This paper examines the various components that render the Indian-Americans' risk level for coronary heart disease so high and then discusses various preventative measures that can improve the health and potential health of Indian-Americans. Among the components discussed are genetic components, other co-morbid diseases, metabolic effects, environmental considerations, concurrent infections and anatomical considerations. The paper also discusses the preventative measures such as omega 3 (fish oil), antioxidants and exercise.
Introduction
Review of Literature and Discussion
Methodology
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Indian Americans have the highest risk of heart disease in the world. This paper establishes that this is due to several factors. First, genetic components. Indians have a strong family history of heart disease, and this increases their risks. Second, other co-morbid diseases such as hypertension and diabetes contribute strongly. Among metabolic effects, CRP levels are the greatest single indicator of heart disease risk and must be measured carefully by all at risk, most especially Indian Americans. Of environmental considerations, the wealth of Indian Americans often worsens their heart conditions. Infections such as Chlamydia often increase risks of heart disease, but this has not been shown to be a cause especially linked to Indian Americans. One of the largest differentials is Indian Americans' smaller blood vessels, which often result in ineffective balloon angioplasties.
In total, Indian Americans face a grave heart disease risk and they must constantly monitor their risks and their cardiologists must be made of the increased risks they face in order to avoid this killer disease."

Tags:coronary, native