Abstract
In this article, the writer examines a telephone message handling problem at a hospital that resulted in lost customer messages and lost revenue, as well as low customer satisfaction. The paper details how Decision Tree Theory was used to arrive at the cause of the problem and a solution, and how Kurt Lewin's Change Theory applies in this case.

From the Paper
"This paper details a telephone message handling problem that created a customer satisfaction problem at a local hospital. The problem is identified. Decision Tree Theory is used to get at the root of it and then used again to develop a solution and the use of Kurt Lewin's Change Theoryi s anticipated to implement it.
"Decision-making is one of the most vital processes that takes place in a health care facility even more so in the globalized environment of today where the boundaries ..."

Tags:decision making, hospital, medical, change, process improvement, Kurt Lewin, Decision Tree Theory, GAMC, telephone message handling, job redesign

Abstract
The paper discusses how nurses make decisions every day that are life and death, but these are not the important ones; the important decisions a nurse and nurse leader make every day is what type of environment are they going to create today. The paper discusses how the decision to create an operational work environment will mean that the nurse will be in crisis mode for her whole shift. The paper then describes how if the decision is made to create a strategic work environment then the nurse will work in an environment of advocacy, dialogue, learning and visionary thinking. The paper argues that the most important question a nurse needs to answer daily is what type of day do I want to have.

From the Paper
"Nursing leaders face many challenges. The main challenge in the 21st Century is the impact of Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). It has the potential to keep nurses away from where they are needed most (Bolen and Hall, 2007). Nursing leaders need to focus their energies on strategic long-term outcomes of providing the highest quality of care, while clinical nurses need to focus on the operational aspects of nursing. Nursing is becoming more and more difficult with the combined impact of culture, education and emphasis of EBM (Gossett and Weinman, 2007). This deadly combination is threatening the nurse's ability to function."

Tags:ebm, strategic, operational

Abstract
This paper describes the importance of decision making for non-profit organizations, especially in light of the short and long term goals of the company. The paper further states that non-profits must consider the elements that are related to decision making and how those elements can negatively or positively affect the future of the business. Additionally, the paper points out that non-profit organizations have the ability of functioning effectively when they use a system involving both accountability and transparency.

From the Paper
"Making Decision making for the organization can affect the short and long term goals of the company, as well as the effectiveness that the organization has on the workers and the population being served. It is for this reason that non-profits must consider the elements that are related to decision making and how those elements can negatively or positively affect the future of the business. Non-profit organizations have the ability of functioning effectively when they use a system involving both accountability and transparency. These elements allow for the company to comprehend issues that are evident within the organization, provide for..."

Tags:non profits, business, systems

Abstract
This paper explains that the process in reaching ethical decisions is a common concern for the business manager. It discusses the importance of such a decision and how improper ethics can affect the business at every level.

From the Paper
"Four approaches that business owners commonly use to analyze ethical dilemmas are the utilitarian approach, which focuses on taking the action that will result in the greatest good for the greatest number of people; the moral rights approach, which is concerned with moral principles, regardless of the consequences; the universalist approach, in which one determines whether a particular action should apply to all people under all circumstances and whether you they would be willing to have someone else apply the rule to them; and the cost-benefit approach, which balances the costs and benefits of taking versus not taking a particular action."

Tags:cost, manager, humanitarian

Abstract
The paper discusses the dichotomy between conflict and decision making in business situations, how these are addressed, both by themselves and together, and how they are understood by the people in that organization. The paper notes that these situations can have much to do with how the organization progresses and whether the people in it get along and understand one another. The paper discusses how conflict does not always come from bad decisions but may originate from disagreements over decisions that turn out to be good, and it can also come from failure to make decisions in a timely manner. The paper also discusses how conflict is often tied to the decision making process and how it is an important and necessary part of running a business.

From the Paper
" The company's performance and the performance of its competitors must be taken into account, as well as other factors, when a decision that will affect the company is being made, and there are several ways to ensure that this information is processed in the best way possible and that the decisions made are the most logical and up to date for the ever-changing market that the organization is involved in. Knowing the market is very important to the company who is using its decision-making strategy to find a larger niche or make itself more well-known or profitable".

Tags:competitors, decision-making, strategy, ideas, attitudes, belief, structures, opinions

Abstract
This paper reviews the importance of modeling in policy analysis and the use of decision tree analysis. It looks at the tools available to help policy makers. The writer uses the example of Firestone tires on the Ford Explorer sports utility vehicles as an application of decision trees in decision analysis.

From the Paper
"There is a large variety of tools available to help decision-makers. This paper focuses on one of these tools decision tree analysis. The consideration of the decision tree decision analysis tool begins with are view of the ..."

Tags:Decisoon, analysis, Decision, tree, Policy, analysis

Abstract
This paper looks at how the article discusses the problems of unethical behavior in an organization and how decision support system can help in making more ethically sound decisions. It evaluates how the authors present an in-depth study of decision support system (DSS) and its implementation in organizations for ethical decision making. Decision support system is software that helps in analyzing various situations and presents different decision alternatives. It examines how although ethics have become an extremely important issue of debate in our corporate sector, very little attention is paid to ethicality of decisions made at managerial level. It shows how the authors cite various examples to prove that ethics is an important subject in organizations and thus DSS must be implemented to make decision-making process more precise and accurate.

From the Paper
"Carlson and others have presented previous research findings in this connection to highlight the importance of ethics in organizations and to further support their argument in favor of implementation of information systems in decision-making process. Citing these researches, Dubinsky and Loken, 1989; Ferrell and Gresham, 1985; Fritzsche, 1995; Gottlieb and Sanzgiri, 1996; Hunt and Vitell, 1986; Jones, 1991; Rest, 1986; Trevino, 1986, the authors maintain that a lot of information is available on the subject of ethical decision making but there is significant fewer studies conducted ion the subject of support that should be given to the decision maker. Citing Carlson and Perrewe, 1995; Nielsen, 1990, Sims, 1991, they concur that very few well researched studies are available on support system which illustrates the fact that more in depth study is required in this area."

Tags:ethics, management, software, information

Abstract
This paper examines how decision making is an extremely important activity in our professional and personal lives. It looks at how it has been found that decisions resulting from group brainstorming are of higher quality than the solutions discovered by an individual, due to the involvement of more than one person and a conglomeration of ideas that are sorted and sifted to reach the most effective solution. It also attempts to show that group decision making can be highly effective if certain guidelines are followed and how it is important for each member to participate enthusiastically and work together to minimize risks of conflict.

From the Paper
"Group decision-making process follows certain important steps to reach effective solutions or discover suitable answers to various questions. Usually groups are invited to participate in a decision-making process when a problem has arisen which requires help from more than one head. Small teams are formed and they are given a problem to discuss and seek a solution to. "Group decisions that usually require a substantial amount of deliberation, negotiation, and accommodation prior to an acceptable outcome." (Ruppel, 1997) However just asking a group to reach a suitable solution might prove to be counter productive if the team has little or no idea of the steps that are to be followed."

Tags:conglomeration, ideas, conflict, brainstorming, solution

Abstract
This paper looks at how the army's present, military decision-making process (MDMP) still represents the realities of command decision-making in battle and provides a practical guide to the efficient organization of large unit staff planning activities. The paper maintains, however, that the MDMP should be translated into an effective and robust digital resource to keep abreast with changing and emerging information and communications technologies. The paper further notes that the important thing to consider at the present stage is how to completely translate the MDMP into a digital resource and utilize emerging information and communications technology to complement and improve decision-making in battle and provide a practical guide to the efficient organization of large unit staff planning activities.

From the Paper
"The methodology of which will ensure that whatever digital resource package chosen or developed for the electronic MDMP or e-MDMP will suit and meet the needs of commanders from strategic to tactical level. Timeliness, user friendliness and robustness are key features of the e-MDMP considering it will be deployed not only in the soft and cool confines of the Pentagon and used by office staff but rather in various battle environments and up to the level of the grunt. The system should endeavor to real time capability in order to fast track decision-making at all levels."
"However, digitizing the MDMP entails change management plan and a totally different learning curve since it contains not only military-learned skills but skills and knowledge in the use or emerging information and communications technology."

Tags:army, unit, digital, resources

Abstract
This paper explains that managers who are responsible for decision making in corporate strategy planning have a significant burden placed on their shoulders because not only their decisions need to be substantive, timely and acceptable by those whom the decision will affect but also the decisions must have an element of ethical appropriateness. The author points out that, in order for employers and managers to evaluate the moral implications of an issue, it is first important that they be able to recognize that the issue does involve a moral aspect. The paper relates that managers and corporate executives involved in leading major change efforts within an organization, which must be kept confidential for certain period, may experience significant ethical dilemmas in their interactions with other managers, employees and consultants both inside and outside the organization.

From the Paper
"While some companies may put ethical issues in decision making strategies behind many other issues, there are some corporate types who still disregard them in making decisions. Take a look at Martha Stewart. She was involved in an insider trading situation which she must have known was illegal. She has been punished for her crime, but how many others who work for her company, from her vice presidents down to the laborers in factories that make her product have also paid the price as well, in declining share values and decreasing sales. When a corporate manager or executive makes a poor decision in this way, it is unlikely that he or she will be the only one hurt."

Tags:burden, appropriateness, recognize, change, dilemma