Abstract This paper provides data and information about South Africa's imports and exports. It explains that energy is key to South Africa's economy and coal is one of its most importantexports. Although only one-third of coal produced in South Africa is exported, primarily to the European Union (EU) and also to East Asia, in fact, South Africa was the world's third largest net coal exporter in 2002. The paper also looks at how the country is involved in the international financial community and how it assists other African countries.
From the Paper "Although the sister South Dunes Coal Terminal (SDCT) opened in 2000 to facilitate the participation of empowerment corporations in the coal export sector, RBCT exporters and the SDCT partners agreed in June 2001 to expand the RBCT facility as well. Because no brand new rail infrastructure is needed, RBCT's expansion is considered the most cost-effective method of increasing South Africa 's coal export capability to the world at large. In fact, RBCT's expansion will increase its South Africa's export capacity by 11 mmst. SDCT firms will be permitted to export up to 7.2 mmst per year from this newer terminal. In March 2002, SDCT firms secured $41 million of the proposed expansion's $52 million total estimated cost. The last $11 million is to be financed by RBCT shareholders. The first shipment of coal by an empowerment entrant was loaded at the RBCT in October 2003. The RBCT's fully planned expansion is expected to be completed in 2005."
Abstract The paper describes the soybean and then focuses on the characteristics of the target market, that include the GNP per capita and the size of the market. The paper then provides a screening of the market that analyzes the need for soybeans in China, the exchange rate trends, import restrictions and price controls. The paper looks at strategies for exporting to China and concludes that a decision to export soybeans to China could result in beneficial outcomes, but only if the market characteristics are entirely respected.
Outline:
Introduction
Description of Product to be Exported Characteristics of Target Market
Market Screening
Export Marketing Strategies
Conclusion
From the Paper "The United States represents the largest economy of the globe in terms of measured gross domestic product and China is the second largest global economy, in terms of the same measurements. The two countries have been trading for decades now. China is U.S.' fourth export partner and the second import partner in terms of traded quantities. For China, the United States represents the first export partner and the fourth import partner (Central Intelligence Agency, 2008). A new trading operation materializes in exporting soy beans from the U.S. to China."
Abstract This is an in-depth analysis of the risks and pitfalls of possible U.S. tariffs on European Steel products, as in Section 203 (B) (1) of the Trade Act of 1974. It examines the global trade agreements, and their goal of creating a level playing ground for both industrialized and emerging countries. The paper argues that U.S. tariffs on imported steel will not have a direct effect on the exchange rate of the Euro and the U.S. dollar, and that the solution for the steel industry depends on the ability of the world to act as a global community in solving a global problem. Irrational presidential manners and international trade wars may cause a ripple effect that is more dangerous than the damage to one industrial sector. This is precisely the situation that we face with the steel industry. The paper includes statistics and tables to support its thesis.
Table of Contents
Size of the US-European import-export trade.
Mass Media Reactions to the Tariffs
Other Countries? Reactions
History of the Steel Industry in the US
The Situation from an Economist's Standpoint
Conclusion
Works Cited
Appendices
From the Paper "Free Trade has been a key agenda for the past three presidents. In an expanding global market, tariffs and trade policies are more important today than they have been in the past. More and more countries are forming alliances such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Asian Alliance, and the European Union (EU). These trade agreements are meant to level the playing for all countries, both industrialized and emerging countries.
President Bush's trade policy is aimed at helping to generate American jobs, open markets to American products, and provide economic growth. Sometimes massive increases in imports can have a devastating effect on US industries. [This has been the case for the US steel Industry and is the issue addressed in Section 203 (B) (1) of the Trade Act of 1974. Foreign steel makers have had the luxury of government support which allowed them to have large capacity for expansion and as a result they have flooded the US market with cheap imports. Since 1998, thirty percent of all US steel producers have filed for bankruptcy as a result of falling steel prices in the US. The World Trade Organization allows countries who have been severely effected by changes in trade policy to take temporary actions to provide ailing relief to suffering industries. This is the premise behind the Presidential Proclamation issued by President Bush (Congressional Report, 1974).]"
Tags:import-export, trade, import, export, mass, media, tariff, united, states, us, economy, free, war, bush, eu, european, union, president, industrialized, emerging, countries, products, markets, uk, united, kingdom, germany
Insight into parallel importing, the act of bringing unauthorized goods into a market and selling them at a price lower than that price charged by an authorized distributor or sales agent.
Abstract This paper examines the concept of parallel imports, sometimes also referred to as "Grey Marketing" , the sale of branded merchandise distinguished only by their sale through unauthorized channels by intermediaries other than the trademark owner. It provides examples of how the concept works and describes how parallel importing is a fact of life in the business of exporting products to countries outside the principal market area of the manufacturer.
Outline
What are Parallel Imports?
How Important are they in World Trade?
Arguments Supporting Parallel Imports Arguments Opposing Parallel Imports Conclusion
From the Paper "Myers (1999) observes that, in the main, grey marketers are generally brokers who buy goods in an alternative market where there is a price advantage, either from a manufacturer or an authorized dealer, and import them into a country where prevailing prices are higher. There are as many forms of grey marketing as there are distribution channels, and they all share the same characteristics, and generally have the same results, which are "reduced or cannibalized sales for the manufacturer in countries where prices are higher, and jeopardized relationships with authorized distributors who possess contractual rights for their markets" (Myers, 1999, 15). "
Abstract This paper examines how the North export base thesis is an attempt to explain rapid U.S. economic growth, by examining the importance of raw material exports, mostly cotton to Europe. It looks how it presents a valid and to a large extent validated explanation to how and why the U.S. economy enlarged and diversified between 1790 and 1860.
From the Paper "According to North's thesis the importance of cotton exports as the basis for US economic growth is unparalleled. Cotton prices began to rise in 1812; by 1815 they were in excess of 20 cents a pound in New York. The continued growing demand of the English textile industry in Lancashire was not matched by an equal expansion in supply, therefore increasing the price of cotton. Prices reached a peak of 29 cents a pound in 1816 and remained high until 1818. The extensive waterways of the South allowed for a vast expansion of cotton growing land, not far removed from its only cheap method of transportation. The beginning of steam boats on the Mississippi (1816) further reduced transportation costs and prompted further investment in the cotton growing plantations of the South."
Abstract This paper is an export plan detailing the requisite steps that need to be undertaken in order to facilitate the export from the United States (US) of Hershey Extra Dark Chocolate (Hershey's) and the importation of this product into the Brazil market.
Abstract This paper looks at reasons why it has been difficult for many American companies to penetrate the Japanese export market in the past. It discusses how, over three decades, the Japanese laws and regulations created barriers to entry, by culturally binding allegiance and employing strategies such as cross-shareholding which favor keiretsu (local industrial groups). Officially, Japan's policy is to promote imports, but in practice this was often not the case. This paper focuses on how the American markets have been able to penetrate the Japanese markets with their sale of spirits.
From the Paper "As an island nation, Japan is a worldwide net importer due to its geographical limitations. Japan is America's largest overseas trading partner and the largest importer of U.S. agricultural products. With a gross domestic product of nearly $5 trillion, Japan's is the world's second largest economy. Japan's GDP is 70% of that of the U.S., while its population is roughly half. In 1996, the growth rate in Japan's economy was the highest in the developed world, at 3.6%. U.S. exports to Japan are greater than that of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore combined, making Japan a prime Asian market for U.S. exports."
Abstract This paper reviews the rise of Export Processing Zones (EPZ) in the developing world as an important and widespread aspect of the current trend of economic globalization. This economic globalisation is bringing immense wealth to some multinational companies, also known as transnational corporations or TNCs. However what impact do these EPZs have on their host countries? Do they contribute to, or hinder, development in the developing world? In this paper it will be argued that in the big picture, the effects of EPZ's are negative. According to the paper, while they may appear to contribute to a short-term economic boom, they have insidious bad effects that are long term.
From the Paper "INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND THE IMPORT/EXPORT BUSINESS
Introduction:
Although the computer revolution is well under way, there are many companies who are not taking advantage of the opportunities available because of lack of expertise and lack of confidence in their ability to acquire the appropriate systems at reasonable prices. There is a baffling array of systems available, with choices at every level of hardware, software, networks, electronic data dissemination, and expert systems. Yet, to remain outside the arena of computerization is to risk falling behind competitively. In addition, the import.export field is particularly well.suited for computerization because the level of information generated, and received, is very high."
Abstract This paper looks at the financial services and import/export markets in China, India and South Korea.
From the Paper "The pressures of growth and advantageous strategic marketing facing Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are multifaceted and unprecedented. Capital markets boards of directors and shareholders all demand that senior executives formulate powerful corporate strategies that will procure long-term profit centers within the global economy. As a rule of thumb, a firm becomes a MNC if its foreign sales, not including assets, are ?or more of total sales."
Tags: Big Emerging Markets, trends, economic analysis, multinational corporations, China, India, South Korea
This paper discusses Patricia Wilson's "Exports and Local Development: Mexico's New Maquiladoras", which studies the intensely debated assembly industry in Mexico, called the maquiladoras.
1,065 words (approx. 4.3 pages), 0 sources, 2006, $ 37.95
Abstract This paper explains that Patricia Wilson in her book "Exports and Local Development: Mexico's New Maquiladoras", which she based on extensive field study of more than seventy maquiladora plants, compares Mexican industry with the more successful Asian industry to evaluate how policy initiatives could help Mexico utilize local linkages to draw on the local and foreign-owned assembly plants. The author stresses that Mexico needs to attract investors in the high-tech, high value-added industries equivalent with the "new" maquiladoras just as the governments in South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan are actively discouraging investments in labor-intensive industries in order to promote the industrial upgrading of their economies. The paper stress that subcontracting is an untapped source of great promise as demonstrated by the East Asian export processing zones, which create overflow effects in the domestic economy, increasing the level of integration between the industrial activity of the enclave economy and foreign companies.
From the Paper "Wilson states that this obligates malleable production regularity and the promotion of programmable technology. It would permit a diversity of products to be constructed without costly retooling or exorbitant downtime. The work structure needs to be altered, as well as the connections between firms. A pliable work organization entails circulating the workers and attempting a diversity of chores. Commonly a group at a work station would be more efficient, instead of single people on an assembly line and implies that labor in descriptive rings focused on forecast issues and answers. Wilson adds that it is very important to establish and sustain an immediate connection with the suppliers and fusing computer guidance for the material flows and lower inventories."
Abstract In this article, the writer firstly explains the activities and intentions of the Chain Store Guide Company. The writer then details the various publications in which the Chain Store Guide has a connection. Finally the writer presents an export marketing plan in order for the Chain Store Guide to print and distribute publications into the Chinese market.
From the Paper "This export marketing plan outlines the intent of Chain Store Guide to print and distribute its product line of intelligence publications in the China market. Chain Store Guide is a division of Lebhar-Friedman, Inc. Lebhar-Friedman, Inc. is the parent company of several market leading publications: Chain Store Age, Nations Restaurant News, DSN Retailing Today, and Chain Store Guide. Chain Store Guide amasses data on the Retail & Food service Industries across the North American continent. It has over 70k unique companies in its database."
Abstract The writer discusses that water exportation has emerged as a serious matter for the Canadian government as the United States begins to cast covetous eyes northward. With that in mind, this paper looks at the environmental values in play, at the various government institutions at the heart of the matter, at the agencies/departments involved and at the relative strength of the present policy and what environmental policy tools were most likely used in its crafting. In the end, the writer notes that what should emerge from this study is the recognition that Canada may not have a perfect strategy, but at least a strategy of some kind is in place. The writer concludes that while the future is obviously still to be determined, Canada at least has a workable legislative framework in place to protect its water reserves.
Outline:
Environmental Values
Relevant (Government) Institutions
Pertinent Government Agencies/Departments
Relevant Organizations
The Quality of the Decision and the Environmental Policy Tools Used
Conclusion
From the Paper "In any case, the 2002 amendments do follow a general pattern of greater federal involvement in the issue. For instance, the 2002 measure delineated above is actually an extension of prior amendments brought into effect the preceding year whereby the International Boundary Waters Treaty Act was modified in such a way that "bulk" water removal from the Canadian parts of the boundary waters - chiefly the Great Lakes - would no longer be permitted. Finally, a still-earlier report from March of 2000 (jointly written by the Canadian and American governments) entitled, Protection of the Waters of the Great Lakes, mandates that water removal from the Great Lakes should not proceed unless it can be satisfactorily proved that the ecosystem of the Great Lakes Basin will not be harmed. All in all, Ottawa has asserted itself on this matter and made it clear that it will use its legislative purview to establish laws protecting Canada's freshwater deposits; simultaneously, the Canadian government - as the chief international negotiator acting on behalf of all Canadians - has made a concerted effort to join with its American counterparts in deploring and discouraging the mass export of water from vulnerable boundary areas."
Abstract A serious look at the agricultural industry in Nigeria, Africa. The importance of Soya is the topic. With extensive facts and figures.
From the Paper "Nigeria has recently turned to Soya foods as an alternative source to meat and other protein related food supplements. 98% of the Nigerian families consume soy- foods and over a 100,000 people are involved in its cultivation. Although farming does not take place on a large scale yet around several million tonnes of soy is produced in Nigeria. Nigeria is fortunate in its geography. The vegetational varieties endow the country to successfully undertake a wide variety of crops. Nigeria's major legumes are groundnuts (Peanuts), soybeans and cowpeas."
