Abstract
This paper examines "Culture and Imperialism" by Edward Said, illustrating imperialism through various modes of culture. The paper outlines Said's explanation that imperialism is an ideology that justifies, supports, and legitimates the conquest, control, and domination of lands that are inhabited by other people, who speak different languages and have other traditions. The paper also describes various literary works of the same time period and claims that Said viewed imperialism as the central theme of European literature in the 19th century.

From the Paper
"Edward Said's Culture and Imperialism postulates that imperialism is not about a moment in history, but rather, about a continuing, interdependent relationship between a people and the dominant peoples and the dominant dialogue of an empire. Said sees "the disputed value of knowledge about imperialism . . . (as) a compellingly important and interesting configuration in the world of power and nations. There is no question," he insists, "that in the past decade the extraordinarily intense reversion to tribal and religious sentiments all over the world has accompanied and deepened many of the discrepancies among polities that have continued since . . . the period of high European imperialism." "

Tags:19th, century, colonialism, european, history, ideology, literature, traditions

Abstract
The paper provides a literature review of three works for the purpose of analyzing the role culture played in the construction of British imperialism. The paper compares and contrasts these readings while also addressing questions concerning which definition or definitions of culture is/are the most compelling.

From the Paper
"Much contemporary debate and discussion today is concerned with the subject of British Imperialism. The following discussion provides a literature review of three works for the purpose of analyzing the role culture played in the construction of British imperialism. Following a brief literature, the current discussion compares and contrasts these readings while also addressing questions concerning which definition or definitions of culture is/are the most compelling when it comes to understanding how race, class, or gender distinctions and hierarchies..."

Tags:british imperialism, british history, imperialism

Abstract
In this article, the writer provides a detailed and critical study of the Victorian Age through its literature. The writer maintains that the literature of this period not only reflects the age but also defines it in many ways. From a social perspective the age is characterized by utilitarianism, but the essay shows how literature stands opposed to the social tendencies sparked by the industrial revolution and imperialism. The writer discusses that Victorian literature is revolutionary, and the effects of this revolution are profound and far-reaching.

Outline:
Introduction
Early Period (1830-1848)
Middle Period (1848-1870)
Late Period (1870-1901)

From the Paper
"Charles Dickens is another rebel in the mould of Carlyle, though having a completely different meter. He had neither the education nor the profound depth of Carlyle. He wrote popular fiction for the masses, and thereby acquired a voice completely his own. His genius is in creating characters larger than life, and yet the concerns he voices are never far from those of his readership. Like Carlyle he knows at first sight who are the villains, and who are the heroes, and depicts them with all the relish he can muster. It was hugely entertaining to his readership, and at the same time is a searing document to the times. His earlier novels are lighter in tone; he becomes progressively somber and bleak, in step with the march of industrialism. Hard Times is from his middle period, and is one of the few occasions when he tried his hand at being profound, with the result that this is not considered one of his best. However Coketown is a haunting depiction of Industrial Britain, poverty ridden, smeared, darkened and poisoned by the effluence of the factories."

Tags:utilitarianism, industrial, revolution, imperialism, Dickens

Abstract
This paper compares the points of view of the characters and the authors on imperialism in two novels on the subject, Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" and George Orwell's "Shooting an Elephant". This paper shows that even though both characters from these novels are on the side of the 'intruders,' they feel remorse or despise imperialism.

From the Paper
"Another issue that comes up in both of these works is the issue of the character becoming encompassed. In Orwell's work, the main character is encompassed by the thousands of natives that are there, enticing him to shoot the elephant. In Conrad's work, Marlow is encompassed by the surroundings themselves such as when Marlow states, "The reaches opened before us and closed behind, as if the forest had stepped leisurely across the water to bar the way for our return" (Conrad, 1983). Both of these examples help to enhance the theme of becoming one of the natives. Being encompassed, whether by the natives or the surroundings, you are becoming part of that nation."

Tags:Mr., Kurtz, Marlow, conquest, empire

Abstract
This three-page undergraduate paper discusses "The English Governess at the Court of Siam", by Anna Leonowens, and "Heart of Darkness" by Joseph Conrad, in terms of their approach to imperialism, and compares them to Lenin, who called imperialism "the highest stage of capitalism."

Abstract
This is a thematic paper based on the example of South Africa's imperialism and beyond, in Apartheid and anti-Apartheid movement, and correlations in a global Black Power movement of different manifestations. Through various points in the paper, a warning is made of the perils of including racial categories in future thinking, in the need for humanism as opposed to new categories or patterns as guidelines for assessing conflict in the future. The paper shows that there is a clear role for the artist and writer in presenting the inconsistencies of humanity and the need to guard against stereotypes of every variety.

From the Paper
"Imperialism in South Africa produced archaic institutions that till the late 20th century, remained in effect, and in particularly South African forms. From the 1652 landing on the Cape, the Dutch put in place the foundations of a society distinguishing European and African, towards what Dunbar Moodie would describe in the 20th century as an Afrikaner `civil religion'. (1975) When South Africa became part of the British Empire, different Afrikaner attitudes, practices and institutions were carried over, combined with Victorian British ideas of how colonies ought to be organized, and reinforcing a social order according to race that drew much from Social Darwinism as it shaped metropolitan British culture of the day."

Tags:ideology, southafrica, black

Abstract
This paper compares the representations of colonialism as depicted in two English novels, Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness." The paper begins with a discussion of how colonial practices have contributed to the basis of numerous literary works, with many writings emerging during the Victorian period. This is followed by an analysis of imperialism as seen in the character of Robinson Crusoe. The paper continues with a plot summary of Joseph Conrad's "Heart of Darkness" and reveals several conflicting feelings relative to colonialism. The paper concludes by stating that both literary works fit the pattern of colonial writing, as they deal with characters indoctrinated in the conquering spirit of the British Empire.

Outline:
Colonialism
Robinson Crusoe
Heart of Darkness
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe was first published in 1719 and it was inspired from the experience of a Scot, who lived for four years on a deserted island. Robinson Crusoe is the typical son of imperialism; his wealthy parents want him to become a businessman but he chooses a life at sea. His attempts are crushed as he is shipwrecked on a deserted island (he calls it the Island of Despair), where he will live for the next 28 years. He learns how to grow corn, raise goats and make pottery; he reads the Bible and becomes a convinced Christian. His time on the island is mostly used for meditation and teaching Friday the English ways. Here we begin to see the English influence in the novel."

Tags:imperialism, British Empire, Africa, cannibals, primitive peoples

Abstract
During its heyday, England flew the Imperialist flag over a number of nations--India and Canada being the two most significant perhaps--and in doing so, colonized literature. The notion of Empire and all it represented was both fervently embraced and just as fervently repudiated depending on where you stood. Canadian authors of the early twentieth century were either British born, or born of British parents on Canadian soil. Imperialism, then, in one way or another permeates the novels and short stories of such authors as Sara Jeannette Duncan, Ethel Wilson and Stephen Leacock. Duncan's attitude to Imperialism is mixed, Wilson's is innate while Leacock embraces it - showing that his writing is, what is regarded by many as a "quintessentially" Canadian work.

Abstract
In literature, landscape and nation can be reflections of the owner, of the prevailing level of spiritual or figurative health of the owner or community and are direct connections between the characters and the society in which they live. Two works, Milton's "Paradise Lost", and Bronte's "Jane Eyre", employ landscape as a reflection of the characters. Social movements of pre-industrial England, were to shy away from the press of the urban areas, to describe them in terms of stark limitations where the soul could not grow - literally and figuratively. In the countryside, however, there is both beauty and isolation that symbolize a person's soul and path in life. Nation is used in literature to imply the unifying precepts upon which a life is built but it is also used at times as a symbol of imperialism. Nation is the archetype that guides all behaviors and makes all behaviors variations on their theme it is also that which justifies the manipulation of the land - nation is Manifest Destiny. It is the purpose of this paper to explore the relationship between landscape and nation in "Jane Eyre" and "Paradise Lost".

Abstract
This paper states that American has great pride and belief in its destiny and in the rightness of its Constitution. But, it also has assumptions of superiority, imperialism, and hypocrisy. The author reviews the writings of Thomas Paine, Crevecoeur, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Herman Melville.

From the Paper
"In literature as well, we see these American attitudes come out. In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester Prynne is marked as an adulteress, but the Reverend is just as guilty as she is. However, he pretends to be holier than thou (moral superiority), until the truth comes out."

Tags:moral, superiority, quakers, indians, races, imperialism, hypocrisy, Thomas, Paine, Crevecoeur, Nathaniel, Hawthorne, Herman, Melville