Abstract
This paper presents the history of British imperialism in India as a symbiotic process in which two cultures interact. The paper proposes that the colonial experience was indispensable towards the progress of industrial Britain, and therefore towards the creation of the modern nation state. At the same time, it would not have been possible for India to develop into a modern and democratic state without the agency of the British. The essay aims to show that the British conquest was just as much epistemological as physical. The paper contains in-depth consideration of the roles played by Clive, Hastings, Cornwallis, Macaulay and Gandhi among others.

From the Paper
"Colonialism is usually discussed under wholly positive or wholly negative terms. But the case of British imperialism in India does not allow for such one-dimensional perspectives. It is not that we should weigh the benefits of British rule against the injustices, for in any colonial experience there is bound to be a measure of both. Instead we should judge it in the context of the wider social phenomenon of the time, which is that of the Industrial Revolution. Historians usually pay token acquiescence to the fact that colonies were an integral part of industrialism and the creation of the modern state in Britain, as well as in the other colonial powers of Europe. However, they fail to stress the importance of the colonial experience, and how such experience is directly employed towards building the institutions that underpin modern and western societies. In this light, the colonial experience in India was a vital factor that gave rise to the power of industrial Britain, which indeed became the blueprint for modern states elsewhere."

Tags:colonialism, British raj, East India Company, civil service

Abstract
Forster's "A Passage to India" and Kipling's "Kim" have often been viewed as literary works that are in opposition to each other, since the former has been construed as a critique of British imperialism in India, whereas the latter has been seen as pro-imperialism. Indeed, this scholarly opinion seems to dominate critical analysis of British colonial literature on India, leading to a wide body of work that highlights the striking contrast between Forster's and Kipling's portrayal of the British Raj in India. One outcome of this scholarly tradition is that very little attempt has been made to analyze the similarities, if any, between the two works. As a result, there is one very marked commonality between the two works that has tended to be overlooked, which is the theme of social identity. Therefore, this paper highlights and discusses the fact that both "A Passage to India" and "Kim" serve as a commentary on the importance of the role played by social and cultural identity in creating and perpetuating the divide between nations and races.

From the Paper
"Kipling, in fact, achieves his purpose through positing the premise that the only way to bridge the divide between nations and races is through the intermingling of social and cultural values. Whereas, as evidenced by the earlier discussion, Forster's approach was to highlight the social and cultural differences that prevented the formation of friendships between the British and the Indians. Of course, several critics have interpreted Kipling's Kim as a novel that demonstrates the importance of knowing India and its customs in order to rule it (Hubel, p. 87), thereby further supporting the view of Kipling as a pro-imperialism author. The fact, however, remains that there is enough scope to equally interpret Kim as a story that shows the path to becoming a "friend of all the world.""

Tags:Adela, Fielding, Aziz

Abstract
This paper explores the towering personality of eighteenth-century East India Company Commander Robert Clive and how his forceful personality - combined with questionable ethics - both established the East India Company as the de facto ruler of North-East India, and concomitantly undermined the legitimacy of the regional Nawab's while also transforming Indian society in ways that created anger and resentment among Indians. In conclusion, the dominant personality of Robert Clive built the foundations for the East India Company's domination of India at the same time as the absence of a Robert Clive figure in China spared that nation subordination until the next century.

From the Paper
"To close, this paper has looked at the impact of Sir Robert Clive upon India and upon the actions of the East India Sea Company in the eighteenth century; the paper has also shown how the Chinese were able to secure great autonomy for themselves for many years because either the absence of a European figure of comparable stature to Clive - or because India was seen as a more compelling target by European imperialists. In any case, the history of India is a cautionary tale about what can happen when highly ambitious and cynical individuals acquire positions of power over vulnerable peoples."

Tags:European, colonial, imperialism, lord, British

Abstract
This paper examines how the physical, social, and chronological settings of E.M. Forster?s "A Passage To India" are vitally important to the structure and tone of this story. It looks at how the themes are artfully constructed through setting in early 20th-century India, where conflict inevitably arises between the Indian natives and the colonization-hungry British. Some background to each of the novel's three parts is given, and crucial settings are illustrated, along with their relevance to the central themes of this novel, namely, whether the imprisoned can be friends with their captors.

From the Paper
"The novel is sectioned into three parts, each centering around a particular setting or location. The Mosque takes place in the city of Chandrapore, which was occupied by both the British and the native Indians; The Caves centers around the Marabar Caves, the site of Adela's supposed rape; and The Temple is set among the Hindu peoples during a religious festival, emphasizing again the contrast between these cultures. The sections of this novel can also be said to represent the three main seasons of India: respectively cold, hot, and rainy. The vast differences between each of these sections only emphasize the contrast of the seasons and the highlighted locations, once again underlining the importance of setting to this novel."

Tags:britain, colonialism, imperialism

Abstract
By examining two of Rudyard Kipling's novels, "Kim" and "Plain Tales", the author of the paper shows how Kipling's dual theme of imperialism, yet strong portrayal and seemingly contradictory love and fascination of India are exposed in his works.

From the Paper
"In Lispeth, the first of the short stories in The Plain Tales, the principal character is the daughter of natives, who gets baptized as a Christian by her parents in order to gain protection from the missionaries. Though Lispeth was a Hill girl, she was fair and very lovely and with her English habits and name was not fully accepted by either the natives or the British. Again, one sees here Kipling's tendency to weave a story of Colonial England's intermingling with native India with a thread of imperialism nevertheless present. "

Tags:Tibet, Government, Secret, Service, Urdu, Colonial, England

Abstract
European Imperialism has been described as the age of global integration as European social order manifested an outward movement to other continents. This paper examines how the slow "globalization" by Europeans was fostered by different cultures in the lands they occupied. It has been said that most of the countries did not suffer from imperialism, but this paper shows that this depended on the ruler of the country and the way the changes were implemented. Cultures in the different areas are compared - Asia, Africa and the New World - to see how they were effected by European Imperialism.

From the Paper
"Duiker and Speilvogel's book, World History Since 1865, Volume II examines the emergence of imperialism promoted by Europeans and the resulting affects of their determination to expand, far surpassing imperial Rome. Great Britain, France, Holland, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Spain, Portugal and even Russia intruded forcefully into Africa, Asia, the Middle East and the South Pacific and finally sought out the North and South Poles. Today, there is common agreement that European overseas expansion was a constant factor of the nineteenth century, with British commercial activities the most obvious."

Tags:british, pacific, overseas, commercial, trade, theory, nationalism, territory, homeland

Abstract
This paper will discuss the nature of imperial western powers and their influence over India and Africa in the Sixteenth through Eighteenth centuries in brief. By realizing the ways that they influenced the trading and economic and especially the warfare elements in this period of history, we can understand how the western powers interacted with these cultures.

Abstract
This paper takes a look at E.M. Foster's book, "A Passage to India". According to the paper, the British occupation of India was the showcase of modern imperialism and the conflicts that result when two such cultures clash. The paper further discusses how this book provides the reader with a holistic picture of how Muslims and Indians lived under British rule.

From the Paper
"The loyalist mentality was especially strong in the historical context of British rule among Muslims and Indians. Throughout the early 20th century, the Indian empire was primarily ruled by a small class of British citizens and the majority was Indian governors. However, these Indian magistrates went through the British school system, many of them raised in primarily British areas or in England itself. As a result, the subjugation of the population occurred not through the dichotomy of British vs. Indians, but an internal struggle. In analyzing the British strategy for colonialism, this is one of the principle devices used to stave off revolution and rebellion. Precisely because the front of governance rests within the native population, internal conflict rather than external conflict is the focus within India in the early 20th century. The conflict between loyalists and revolutionists ensured that the country as a whole was split as to which path to pursue. The inevitable result is inaction. "

Tags:loyalists, revolutionaries, foreign, terrorism, hatred, Aziz

Abstract
This paper represents the history of western colonialism through the advent of British imperial policy during the occupation of India in the 19th century to the modern acquisition of Iraq by militaristic and class structured economics of American foreign policy, which one sees now in the Interim Iraqi Council. The writer discusses that the covert policy of attracting upper class members of the Indian and Iraqi governments to partake in a policy that serves the occupiers is essential, understanding how political and military control is subverted to the natives of these foreign lands.

From the Paper
"The aim of this study on international nationalism makes a concerted focus on how western nations have used nationalism as a basis for imperialist policy in colonial nations. By actively analyzing the policy that makes such colonial nations possible, there will be a directive that will present the class based initiatives that subjugate these smaller, weaker nations. In creating a class hierarchy through the governmental and militaristic involvement of dominating western countries, such as Great Britain, America, and other European nations have partaken, there is a direct economic limitations that results in chaos and civil disorder."

Tags:nationalism, culture, colonialism

From the Paper
"The film A Passage to India (David Lean, 1984) is a dramatized version of the well-known novel by E.M. Forster, a novel that is considered mysterious in part because it hinges on something secret that happens in the Marabar Caves and that is never explained. The film version also does not explain this event but uses it in the same mysterious way. In unfolding the story of two British women visiting India, director-screenwriter David Lean addresses issues such as the evils of colonialism, the nature of British imperialism, the sexual repression of the era, racial tensions, and misuses of the law.

The story tells of two women, Adela Quested and her companion, Mrs. Moore. They visit the town of Chandrapore with the intent of escaping from the British vision of India in order to find the real country and the real people. Mrs. Moore has her..."