Abstract This paper is a historical overview of American imperialism in the Philippines. Americans launched their campaign against Spanish rule in the Philippines and once the Spanish-American War ended, they accepted the sole ownership of the Philippines from Spain as part of its spoils, and began planning the country's annexation to the United States. This move caused a rebellion led by Philippine native warrior Aguinaldo. This paper describes the impact of this event both on American history as well as Philippino history.
From the Paper "Emilio Aguinaldo admired America and the ideals of freedom and justice for which she stood. Watching the efforts of the United States as it intervened between the country of Cuba and the oppression of its Spanish rule gave him hope for the future of his own country, the Philippines, which had also been ruled by Spain for the past three centuries. Aguinaldo, noted Filipino independence movement rebel and leader, called himself "the George Washington of the Philippines" and aided the Americans in any way possible as they launched their campaign against Spanish rule in the Philippines (Buschini http://www.smplanet.com/imperialism/gift.
html). This allegiance turned to rebellion, however, once the Spanish-American War ended, for at its end the victorious Americans banished Aguinaldo from negotiations, accepted the sole ownership of the Philippines from Spain as part of its spoils, and began planning the country's annexation to the United States. Aguinaldo, as well as all other Filipino natives, was justified in his outrage and rebellion, for America had no valid political, moral or ethical right to take what was not hers. In attempting to claim ownership of this country that was desperately striving to follow the United States' footsteps in the pursuit of basic rights and freedoms, especially for reasons of economical as well as political gain, America muddied those hallowed footsteps with a season of imperialism that went against every truth she ever held to be self-evident."
Abstract This paper discusses the relationship between imperialism and capitalism from the time of the Spanish Empire to the present. The author describes both forces--capitalism and imperialism--and argues that imperialism is the monopoly stage of capitalism. The paper relates the purpose of Spanish imperialism and how the forms of imperialism have changed over time.
From the Paper "For many world scholars, the form of slavery, begun by the English in the seventeenth century and continued into the nineteenth century by the Americans, is merely the most naked form of imperialism. It is the domination of an oppressor ..."
Abstract This paper looks at imperialism in the 20th century. It takes a look at both the pro-imperialism and anti-imperialism points of view. Included are the pro-imperialism ideologies of Teddy Roosevelt and Adolph Hitler and the anti-imperialism arguments of Frantz Fanon and Mahandas Gandhi,as well as others. The political ideas of expansionism and protectionism are explored.
From the Paper "As the 20th century unfolded, the struggle for and against imperialism continued escalate and became a dominant issue on the world political stage. While political figures in countries as disparate as Nazi Germany and the United States supported and justified imperialism, those who were subjects of it willingly put their lives on the line to oppose it and, hopefully, bring it to an end. For the most part, the pro-imperialist, based their arguments on economic need and/or racism. Such is true in the cases of Jules Ferry, Theodore Roosevelt, and Adolph Hitler. On the other hand, those who stood against imperialism based their arguments on human rights and self-determination. Just before the dawn of the 20th century, both Ferry of France and Roosevelt of the United States led the charge for expansionism by their respective countries."
Abstract This paper discusses the reasons underlying the hatred of America in the Middle East, particularly in the Arab nations. It looks at ideological differences and how the American belief in liberty and freedom of speech and religion represents an attack on the foundation of the culture of radical fundamentalist Islamics. It also discusses the impact of the events of 9/11 and its aftermath including the American invasion of Iraq and support for Israel.
From the Paper " After the tragic events of September many Americans were left wondering how it was possible for the perpetrators of that horrific event to hate America so much. During his appearance before the US Congress President George W Bush himself asked the question ..."
Abstract This paper compares the decline and fall of Rome with the current situation in the United States today. It examines the current political, economic, social and cultural situation in America and compares it to the circumstances leading to the fall of the Roman Empire. The paper also includes a brief history of the Roman Empire, followed by an analysis of the factors which brought its decline and ultimately its fall in the fifth century A.D. The paper then parallels Rome and America and strives to illustrate the similarities between the two superpowers.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Roman Empire: A Short Overview
Why Rome Fell
The American Empire, New and Old
Conclusions
From the Paper "The moral fabric of American society has deteriorated. The most obvious signs of this deterioration are corruption, the state of education, the rate of divorces and separations as well as an increase in the rate of criminality. Irrespective of religious belief, morality is an ethical issue which can shed light on a number of other aspects of the modern American society such as the links within communities, the sense of identity, the lack of integrity and civility in society, and even the state of the national economy. Without a doubt, governmental actions teamed up with legislation have had a negative impact on virtue over the past five or six decades. Some have argued that individuals have lost much of their moral fiber due to welfare and a weak accountability of their actions imposed by the state. Morality cannot exist without incentives for moral conduct; from this perspective, the state is responsible for revitalizing civil society and limiting governmental intervention."
Abstract This paper examines political development in Latin America. The paper concentrates on colonial legacy and political equality. The paper discusses how it is essentially argued that neo-colonialism is just the continuation of colonialism. The paper explains that the only difference is a change of tactics.
From the Paper "In Latin America, Colonialism and Imperialism were worldwide phenomena in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In "Promises Not Kept" John Isbister states, The nineteenth century was the age of imperialism in the third world, the twentieth century the age of nationalism and independence. Rebels and patriots fought back against the white imperialist, driving them from their lands and creating new nations in the wake of their departure." (Isbister 101) Almost every country in North America, South America, Asia and Africa has experienced imperialism and colonialism of one form or another. Although most of these countries are now sovereign nations, colonialism and imperialism have left a lasting legacy."
Abstract This paper examines the themes and issues presented in Robert Johnson's book "British Imperialism: Histories and Controversies". The paper also analyzes the historiography of British imperialism and discusses the consequences of colonization.
From the Paper "Johnson's purpose in this book is to explain some of the histories and controversies surrounding British imperialism, a concept he believes that was continuously evolving, was somewhat incoherent and even contradictory. Johnson considers his book an introduction to British imperialism, not a history of the British Empire. As such some of the content is presented in outline form rather than in depth. However presented, the content supports his aim of explaining how some of the historiography..."
Abstract The paper discusses three theories about the New Imperialism policies of Europe and the United States. The paper explains the causes of the New Imperialism policies, including economic reasons, emergence of nation states and nationalism, cultural and religious motives.
From the Paper "The phrase "New Imperialism" has historically been used to describe the various competing imperialist policies of Europe and the United States at the end of the Nineteenth and beginning of the Twentieth centuries. This new imperialism was different in a number of ways from the old practices, not the least of which was the fact that it was widely recognized and criticized in its own time. There has been much debate within the field concerning what the actual causes of the new imperialist era were."
Tags: new imperialism, hayes, hobson, lenin, ferry, bismarck, kipling
Abstract The paper explores how the new European imperialism of the 19th century relied on various stages of industrial, scientific and technological advancements that were causes for this to occur. The paper explains how the process of world domination relied on quicker methods of mass production, greater medical advancements and the ideological construct of Darwinism that was used to validate the colonization of so-called lesser races. The paper points out how before the 19th century, nations such as Great Britain could not as quickly produce or technologically be able to sustain the mass invasions that they had accomplished in this century.
From the Paper "This historical analysis will analyze the new imperialism of the 19th century and the various causes that helped to change the human condition in European history. In the advent of the industrial age, one can realize the growing reliance on electricity, machines, and the scientific advances that produced population growth in Europe and America. In many ways, these were the causes of the far easier usage of energy sources, mass production, and population growth, which powerful countries used in having access to a new global imperial agenda. With the advance of science and technology countries such as Great Britain could now exploit and militarily control lesser nations. These are the various causes of the new imperialism that changed the way powerful countries controlled the world in the 19th century.
Abstract This paper considers Langston Hughes's experience of living as a minority in America as conveyed in the poem "Let America Be America Again." It also looks at the historical context of the poem.
From the Paper "In Let America be America Again, Langston Hughes relates the unique experience of being a minority in America. More specifically Hughes uses the poem to explore what it means to be an African-American in the United States and given the time period during which ..."
Tags: langston hughes, america, jim crow, racism, inequality, minority
Abstract The paper compares and contrasts the poems "Too," America" and "I Hear America Singing" and discusses how they are all very different poems, though they share the common subject of America. The paper describes how the authors, Langston Hughes, Claude McKay and Walt Whitman make different stylistic choices in their poems. They also relay very different meanings, while still expressing patriotism and their view of America. The paper analyzes how the common theme does make them similar poems in some ways, but overall these poems express the individualism and expression of the poet writing them.
This paper focuses on the Armenian refugees that came to the U.S. in the 19th century, primarily to escape religious prosecution, while also discussing if and how they adapted to America's culture.
Abstract The writer of this paper details the events that resulted in the formation of a sizeable and significant Armenian presence in America. One reason the Armenians fled their country was that they would have faced extinction had they stayed. The writer contends and explains why the Armenian cultural influence is not as strong as that of other minorities in America. It is believed that some 150,000 Armenians currently reside in North America. This paper examines the various reasons Armenians have failed to have an impact on American culture while also discussing the fact that most young Armenians have quickly assimilated and accepted the more powerful culture of the U.S. The writer contends and explains why Armenian culture has had some influence on U.S. culture but that the reverse influence is far greater in magnitude and impact.
From the Paper "Armenian culture has had some influence on the US culture but the reversed influence is far greater in magnitude and impact. While we can say that the shape of American culture today is developed with the help of bits and pieces from other cultures including Armenian, there is no denying the fact that Armenian youth is no longer as interested in their own culture as they are in the more powerful American culture.
When they first came to the United States, things were different. Armenians were influential in the sense that they had a better grip on their roots, heritage and culture. They did not assimilate quickly and resisted it for some time. Since they were mostly concentrated in one area, they interacted more often and had their institutions built in the area."
Abstract The paper analyzes "The Colonial Heritage of Latin America," by Stanley and Barbara Stein who argue that many of the characteristics and limitations of Latin America have their inception during the colonial period and have been altered only slightly with the passage of time and increasing technology that enables better contact with the rest of the world. The paper discusses the suggestion that Latin America is a continent that has only been able to inadequately fulfill its development potential, based on the limitations of the persistent characteristics of its colonial past.
From the Paper "In "The Colonial Heritage of Latin America," Stanley and Barbara Stein argue that many of the characteristics and limitations of Latin America have their inception during the colonial period and have been altered only slightly with the passage of time and increasing technology that enables better contact with the rest of the world."
Tags: Latin America, development, colonialism, economic, globalization, trade, statism, nationalism
Abstract This paper is a brief review of the history of slavery in America. The paper examines the chronology of slavery in America from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth century and also presents an examination of its long-term impact. The paper shows that the history of slavery is not only a history of America; it is also a history of missed opportunities.
From the Paper "There can be little doubt that the presence of indentured servants and chattel slaves greatly affected the development of British North America. This brief paper will examine the history of slavery and servitude in the New World, assess its impact, and determine how the history of British North America would be different if the institution of slavery had never existed. To begin with, the history of slavery in the New World is a long and ignominious one. In 1619, the first African-American slaves arrived in Jamestown. By the middle of the seventeenth century, tobacco-planting in Virginia and Maryland became institutionalized (Becker para.4). One estimate holds that, from the "early 16th to the mid-19th Centuries" the total number of Africans forcibly transplanted from their African home numbered between ten million and eleven million souls (Becker para.53-55)."
Abstract This paper examines the relationship between the post- war prosperity, the development of the suburbs, and the perceived need for conformity in the United States. These factors, while apparently extremely different in appearance, are all connected through the changing social structure of America. The main cause of this change is best explored as that of a need for stability and the new finances that allowed the new American middle class to chase after that stability.
