Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the problem of child abuse is a pervasive problem not only for the families and individuals involved, but also a community and social one. This paper explores the long-term effects of child abuse in adults.

From the Paper
"A qualitative approach to answering these questions will be taken. The goal of the focus group discussions will be to establish common themes surrounding these individuals' abuse experiences, roughly classifying them as "causes" of mental or physical ailments being experienced at present. While admittedly difficult to execute, it is the secondary objective of this study to arrive at the victims' perspectives on their own experiences and their perception of its impact on their mental and physical health."

Tags:child, abuse, impact

Abstract
This paper discusses child abuse and the many physical, social, cognitive and psychological problems that victims of child abuse go through. The paper also cites research that links child abuse with impaired cognitive development and lower levels of social competencies, ego resiliency, and ego control, low self-esteem, an inability to empathize with others, and the use of violence as an acceptable family value.

Outline:
Impacts of child abuse
Erikson's Development Stages

From the Paper
"During Adolescence, we seek out to discover who we are as individuals separate from our family of origin and as members of a wider society. Those who understand, accept and appreciate who they are develop a sense of identity. Unfortunately, many teens fail to develop this strong sense of identity and instead fall into role confusion (Burger, 2005).
"As the Adolescence years dissolve swiftly and as we enter Young Adulthood, we also move forth a higher challenge: developing intimate relationships. Young women and men search for that special relationships within which to develop intimacy and grow emotionally. Those who fail to develop intimacy at this stage face emotional isolation. They may pass through superficial relationships without finding the satisfaction of closeness promised by genuine relationships."

Tags:relationships, withdrawal, abusive

Abstract
The paper presents a proposal that seeks to explore the long-term effects of child abuse in adults. The paper points out that the secondary objective of this study is to arrive at the victims' perspectives on their own experiences and their perception of the abuse's impact on their mental and physical health. The paper then provides a literature review of the mental and physical consequences of child abuse and looks at its cultural dimension. The paper also discusses the proposed methodology for the study.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Method

From the Paper
"The problem of child abuse is a pervasive problem not only for the families and individuals involved, but also a community and social one. In particular, victims of child abuse sometimes become not only perpetrators, but also end up scarred mentally and physically."
"Deterrents to child abuse such as making known to the public that services such as child protection or reporting of suspected cases of child abuse by people that can help recognize signs of ongoing abuse (other than social workers) such as physicians are in place, yet resources to tackle the problem more effectively are lacking (Christian, 2003). All things considered, the solution not only lies in case surveillance, reporting and deterrence, but also in understanding the effects of child abuse in adults."

Tags:physical, punishment, dysfunction, risk, factors, disease, psychotherapy

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of child abuse in the United States today, followed by a discussion of what types of clinical and legal interventions are used today. It discusses how research shows that child abuse can assume three basic forms: (a) emotional abuse, (b) physical abuse, and (c) sexual abuse and how, of the three, physical abuse has been shown to be potentially the most harmful in terms of its impact on children's lives. It concludes that child abuse represents one of the leading threats to the physical and emotional well-being of the nation's children today.

Outline
Review and Discussion
Emotional Child Abuse
Physical Child Abuse
Sexual Child Abuse
Conclusion

From the Paper
"It is possible for an otherwise-loving and caring parents to commit a criminal act of physical child abuse simply by spanking their child too hard in a moment of anger and by leaving a discernible bruise on the child in the process. In the vast majority of physical child abuse cases, though, it would appear that there has in fact been a pattern of such abusive behaviors with profound consequences for the children involved. According to the definition provided by Roberts and Walker (2001), "Physical child abuse represents an act of commission on the part of a parent or caregiver involving excessive discipline, beatings, or some other form of overt physical violence that results in injuries to a child that may include fractures, bruises, lacerations, burns, or internal injuries" (p. 991). The ages of victims of physical child abuse range throughout the childhood lifespan, but children under the age of 5 years remain at the greatest risk of serious injury today (Roberts & Walker, 2001). "

Tags:sexual, emotional, physical

Abstract
This paper describes the social effects of child abuse on a person. The paper focuses on how the person's emotions and self-esteem are affected by the trauma to include physical, sexual, and verbal abuse.

Abstract
This paper explores the issues and long lasting results of child abuse to the individual being abused and the society as a whole. The paper defines the different types of child abuse: physical, verbal, emotional and sexual abuse. It describes the legal ramification of harming a child. The author finds that the long-term impact of child abuse on human development is the loss of an individual's ability to build and establish a healthy relationship (sexual or otherwise) with other people.

From the Paper
"Child abuse is an issue most people are concerned about today because of its serious, dangerous effects that can cause a "burden" in our society, including the family (especially the abused individual) and legal institutions. It is a social issue because it is widespread in occurrence in the American society, and is affective legally because of the violations the abuser makes to legal law since child abuse/maltreatment is treated as a crime in the justice system of United States. In addition, an individual who has been subjected to abuse is also affected physically, emotionally, or psychologically."

Tags:abuser, maltreatment, physical, emotional, psychological, sex, sexual, law, legal, relationship

Abstract
In this article, the writer examines child abuse as a whole, as well as emotional child abuse specifically. Different kinds of emotional abuse are examined, as well as the characteristics of the families that are prone to such abuse. In addition, this paper describes the impact that child abuse has on children and on society at large. Finally, potential treatment and prevention is suggested. The writer concludes that emotional abuse is a serious problem that requires society to further study this form of abuse and find more effective methods for its prevention and treatment.

Outline:
Definition of Child Abuse
Different Kinds of Emotional Child Abuse
Identifying Emotional Child Abuse
The Impact of Child Abuse
Prevention
Treatment
Conclusion

From the Paper
"One thing that makes child abuse difficult to treat or to prevent is that it is usually a recurring event. Given its prevalence across societal boundaries, it is also apparent that child abuse has few factors that assist in predicting the homes in which it will occur. That is, child abuse is equally prevalent in all economic, ethnic, and racial groups, which makes identification of abusive households difficult. However, domestic violence and child abuse are often paired; it is in such households that emotional abuse is the side effect of spousal physical or emotional abuse. For this reason, it is safe to conclude that parents are often the emotional abusers, which may differentiate emotional abuse somewhat from physical or sexual abuse. However, if a child tells a parent of abuse that has occurred, or if a parent becomes aware of abuse occurring in other environments, then he or she has a legal obligation to report the incident(s) to the proper authorities."

Tags:childhood, self, development, maltreatment

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that due to the relatively recent emphasis on child molestation, the number of studies and books on the topic has increased significantly. The writer maintains that what is surprising, however, is that there are relatively few articles and materials on the impact this has on other members of the family. An analysis of even the most recent studies on child extra-familial sexual abuse concludes an emphasis on the victims of the abuse, but little about the other family members. The writer discusses that the research that has been conducted, however, shows the pain and dysfunction that family members go through dealing not only with the psychological impact on the child, but their own feelings of guilt, fear and anger. The writer concludes with the hope that more studies will be conducted on this topic to lend support to the families of those victimized.

From the Paper
"At the Presidio Child Development Center, in 1986 to 1987, the suspicion of one child's sexual abuse resulted in a complete investigation, when all parents were told that their children may have been victims of sexual abuse. They were invited to come to the Letterman Medical Center if they observed any unusual physical or emotional symptoms in their children. Here the children received medical and psychological evaluations by U.S. Army representatives to determine what type of treatment was needed.
"In this situation, not only were the parents traumatized by their children's abuse, but the fact that the United States Government, which they honored and respected, could be at fault of such a situation. At first, several parents were very upset when asked to divulge information and to submit to psychological probing with professionals who were ultimately accountable to the same authorities they believed had covered up the abuse. Traumatically, this broke the families' basic trust in the system and increased their sense of betrayal and powerlessness against the insensitivity of those who were to serve them. The fact that the army could to them harm was beyond their comprehension and left them terrified of future events."

Tags:parents, anger, molester, siblings

Abstract
This paper explores how the communication processes are associated with child abuse. First, the paper gives statistics about child abuse and gives a definition for this form of domestic violence. The paper further shows how the communication problem in regards to child abuse is linked to a lack of ability to communicate on the part of one of the parties involved in the abuse. Graphs and diagrams are used to visually explain the communication process and its breakdown. The paper concludes by giving suggestions about preventative measures that can be put in place to help reduce the instances of child abuse and neglect.

TOC:
Introduction
Understanding the Communication Process
Understanding Child Abuse
How the Two Impact Each Other
How Can the Communication Process Be Improved to Prevent Child Abuse
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The communication problem in regards to child abuse is linked to a lack of ability to communicate on the part of one of the parties involved in the abuse. A build up of frustration as a result of the lack of communication abilities often leads to abuse. Other communication problems that result in abuse relate to confusing array of messages on the abusers part. This includes messages about self-worth, affection, and religious beliefs. All humans have a need to be accepted and or needed. Low self-esteem is a result of that need not being met. Many abusers possess this trait. For many it is the driving force behind their actions."

Tags:child abuse, communication, preventing child abuse, domestic violence

Abstract
The paper explores the role of the child protection agencies in protecting our children and questions whether state laws are helping or hindering the process. The paper explains the types of abuse and presents research data that demonstrates the increase in child abuse every year. The paper also reviews the history of child abuse and discusses the challenges that are faced today by the child protection system and what can be done to improve the child protective services (CPS).

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
What is Child Abuse and Neglect?
History of Child Abuse
Types of Abuse
What Factors Contribute to Child Abuse?
Understanding the Impact of Historic Policies on Child Maltreatment
Child Abuse and Neglect Laws and State Statutes
The Role of Child Protective Services
The Consequences of Child Abuse
Social Intervention Strategies
Conclusion
Recommendations for Policy Changes

From the Paper
"According to Tzeng et al (1991) children throughout history have been the victims of child abuse. There have even been some archeological findings that have suggested that child abuse existed as far back as prehistoric times. In many societies corporal punishment was seen as the norm and was used to discipline children. Child abuse has also been used to educate children as it pertains to cultural and religious ideas and morals. The corporal punishment or abuse of children was also utilized to please gods or expel unwanted spirits.
"The author points out that in the rituals of ancient Greeks and Romans children were sacrificially killed. In addition in some civilizations fathers, in accordance with the Patria Protestas of 700 B.C., could legally trade, maim, or kill their children if the so desired. Children were also killed in Ancient Greek Societies when they were found to be deformed or retarded because it was believed that such children would weaken the society. This was allowed because children were believed to be property."

Tags:child, protection, agencies, maltreatment, parenting