Abstract
This paper discusses the possible link between immunization, specifically MMR immunization or vaccination, and the growth of autism in our society in recent decades. The paper relates that since the shocking findings of Dr, Andrew Wakefield in the late 1990s - findings which ostensibly linked MMR vaccination with autism - there has been much debate in academia about whether or not such a linkage really exists. The paper discusses how Wakefield's controversial conclusions have been largely debunked in the past decade, though there remain small pockets of academics who insist that Wakefield was really on to something and that he might have unlocked a vital portal into why autism afflicts so many children in the contemporary age.

From the Paper
"This paper looks at the possible link between immunization, specifically MMR immunization or vaccination, and the growth of autism in our society in recent decades. Since the shocking findings of Dr, Andrew Wakefield in the late 1990s - findings which ostensibly linked MMR vaccination with autism - there has been much debate in academia about whether or not such a linkage really exists. Suffice it to say, Wakefield's controversial conclusions have been largely debunked in the past decade, though there remain small pockets of academics who insist that Wakefield was really on..."

Tags:link, immunization, autism

Abstract
This paper analyzes the topic of immunization of children in the United States. Specifically, it discusses why the immunization rate of children in the U.S. is so high and the validity of the reasons why some parents choose not to immunize their children. Most children in the United States receive immunization from a variety of diseases when they are toddlers. Yet, some parents choose not to immunize their children for a variety of reasons. The paper questions whether these children are protected adequately and whether they pose a danger to other, already immunized children.

From the Paper
"Most people who immunize their children do so because they believe in the validity of the claims of the health profession that immunization saves lives, and because it is required before their children can enter school. There are also dire warnings from doctors and the health community regarding not immunizing children. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) web site notes: "Parents should be aware that withholding vaccinations leaves their child vulnerable to vaccine-preventable diseases in the event of an outbreak" (Editors). Recognizing there are barriers to many children receiving their vaccines, including lack of knowledge, lack of funds, and fear, a nationwide initiative was created in 1993 titled the Childhood Immunization Initiative (CII), which had a goal of inoculating 90 percent of two-year-old children. The campaign was extremely successful. "Nationwide there was 91% to 95% coverage achieved for individual vaccines" (Horner and Murphy 122). Today, immunization remains at about 95 percent of the children in the United States vaccinated by the time they enter school (Editors)."

Tags:Center, for, Disease, Control, CDC, natural, immunity

Abstract
The paper discusses the immunization programs for various types of diseases that are currently available in the United States, Canada, Mexico and in many countries in Europe. The paper explores the effectiveness of the various programs available and the issues that these countries face with their immunization programs. The paper shows how although countries offer different immunization programs, they all have one goal in mind, which is to eliminate and control the spread of infectious diseases.

Outline:
Introduction
What are Immunizations?
HBV Program in Canada
Childhood Vaccinations in Canada
The United States
Mexico
Europe

From the Paper
"Immunizations are used to protect the human body against preventable diseases. Immunizations are usually given in the form of a shot or vaccine. When one gets immunized, the body develops the ability to fight off a given disease. Immunizations safeguard the body from illnesses and death caused by certain infectious diseases. Some immunizations are given to prevent a single disease, while others will take care of two or three diseases. Immunizations help control infectious diseases that were once common. They have reduced, and in many cases, eliminated, diseases that routinely killed or harmed infants, children, and adults. However, the viruses and bacteria that cause vaccine-preventable disease and death still exist and can be passed on to people who are not immunized. Children need immunizations to protect them from dangerous childhood diseases."

Tags:vaccinations, children, measles, mumps, rubella, chickenpox, smallpox, hepatitis, A

Abstract
This paper focuses on the concept of global immunization. The paper asserts that eradication of disease sounds wonderful, potentially achievable and perhaps utopian. But the first question is, is it worth the cost? Secondly, can it be accomplished on a global scale? And thirdly, what types of diseases are candidates for eradication? Is the world ready to make the investment for the eventually dividends where there would be no need to vaccinate any more?

From the Paper
"Eradication of disease sounds wonderful, potentially achievable and perhaps utopian. But the first question is, is it worth the cost? Secondly, can it be accomplished on a global scale? And thirdly, what types of diseases are candidates for eradication? Is the world ready to make the investment for the eventually dividends where there would be no need to vaccinate any more? The only disease ever to be eradicated is small pox. On May 8, 1980, the World Health Assembly declared that smallpox had been eradicated globally."

Tags:eradication, disease, global

Abstract
The paper discusses how a substantial number of parents either fail to immunize their child or are resistant to immunization. The paper explains that among the reasons for this is the complex nature of immunization schedules, but notes that the main reason is similar to the idea of misguided beneficence in ethics. The paper discusses how parents often regard immunizations as being not only unnecessary but as causing serious harm to the child and this view is understandable especially when the child suffers serious side effects. The paper asserts that the harm that parents perceive is real; parents grapple with fear, the idea of risk, worry, confusion and guilt as they attempt to make the right decisions about immunization (Austin & Campion-Smith, 2008).

From the Paper
"A substantial number of parents either fail to immunize their child or are resistant to immunization. Among the reasons for this is the complex nature of immunization schedules. The real concern is with immunizations from 0-6 years because immunization schedules change as the child matures. However, the main reason is similar to the idea of misguided beneficence in ethics. Parents often regard immunizations as being not only unnecessary but as causing serious harm to the child. This view is understandable especially when the child suffers serious side effects. The harm that parents perceive is real. Parents grapple with fear, the idea of..."

Tags:vaccines, fear, resistance

Abstract
This paper looks at the idea of the Anthrax immunisation problem and the philosophies of Kant and Mills along with a Utilitarian approach as to whether it is bets to inoculate or not. The paper discusses Kant along side Mills and concludes that in personal views Mills would be the best approach to take.

Abstract
This paper takes a look at an immunization and vaccination program for the elderly in Canton, Massachusetts, a city with various public health issues. The program is under the auspices of "Healthy People 2010," a national program the deals with public health. The paper describes why Canton was selected and several of the public health issues of concern to city health administrators. Next, the importance of influenza vaccine for the elderly is discussed. The implementation of the program is described and the results assessed, particularly from the perspective of nursing. Various recommendations are made at the end of the paper

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Immunization and Vaccination
Assessment of Interventions: Community & Nursing
Assessment of Interventions
Findings, Conclusions & Recommendations

From the Paper
"The city chosen for examination in this study is the city of Canton, Massachusetts. The Healthy People 2010 objective addressed in this work in writing is that of immunization and infectious diseases. Immunization is a critical health care provision. The Canton, Massachusetts Department of Public Health states in its annual report that some of the vital statistics in Canton are "troubling" and states that immunization and infectious diseases are both a focus of public health in this area. According to "Healthy People 2010 Chapter 14 Immunization and Infectious Diseases" infectious diseases "remain major causes of illness, disability and death. Moreover, new infectious diseases are being detected and some diseases considered under control have reemerged in recent years. In addition, antimicrobial resistance is evolving rapidly in a variety of hospital - and community-acquired infections. These trends suggest that many challenges still exist in the prevention and control of infectious diseases." (Healthy People 2010) "

Tags:influenza, epidemics, nursing homes, food service workers, Healthy People 2010

Abstract
This paper explains that the common end goal for parties for and against immunization is the same; both parties want their children and the public to lead safe and healthy lives. The author points out that immunizations, which have eliminated numerous diseases that used to kill thousands of children, are the most cost-effective measure in all of medical science; children not immunized against measles have a 3500% higher risk of contracting measles than others. All children deserve the benefits of immunizations unless medically contraindicated. The paper relates that some people believe that vaccines are dangerous, that the government's power to deny individual rights is wrong, that vaccination does not constitute immunity, and that vaccines contain adjuvant substances known to amplify the body's response to the vaccine, which can sometimes cause allergic and autoimmune responses.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Those in Favor of Immunizations
Those Questioning Immunizations
Stakeholders
Interview of Health Care Providers
Parents Interviewed
Summary

From the Paper
"For those promoters of vaccinations, the general belief is that "vaccination is modern medicine's greatest achievement." The goal would be to have 100% compliance. This group believes that vaccinations are necessary to the basic welfare of every child. "Public health officials take the stance that they are legally and morally obligated to act out of concern for the well being of every individual child, and the reality is that any unvaccinated child remains vulnerable to serious, even life-threatening diseases." Non-medical exemptions from immunizations also lower the level of protection in the general public."

Tags:autoimmune, compliance, autoimmune, cost-effective, stakeholders

Abstract
The paper discusses how universal immunization is still the goal of health intervention worldwide to decrease the mortality and morbidity associated with disease. The paper argues that childhood vaccination is the key to successful intervention and that educating parents and families by nurses during patient visits is the most efficacious approach. The paper discusses how the nurse has a key role in risk/benefit communication and the design of efficient strategies is critical to a successful outcome. This paper reviews the current literature for optimal communication vehicles.

From the Paper
"In view of the rising incidence of certain vaccine-preventable diseases and other potentially serious illnesses in children lacking appropriate immunization, it is imperative that parents are informed adequately over the significance of childhood vaccination. However, given the constraints of time, cost, decreased access, complex schedules, and other imponderables, primary care nurses and other healthcare providers would need to design their strategies for enhanced risk/benefit communication with parents."

Tags:childhood, immunization, benefits

Abstract
In this paper the writer first looks at the blood vessels and their functions. Then the writer discusses the meaning of "immunization" and autoimmune diseases. The paper then studies how various diseases affect the lungs. Finally, the writer discusses the function of the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney.

From the Paper
"Arteries arterioles and capillaries carry oxygenated blood to the tissues of the body and capillaries venules and veins carry de-oxygenated blood back to the lungs for re-oxygenation. The only arteries which carry oxygen-poor blood are the pulmonary arteries which carry this blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. The only veins which carry oxygen-rich blood are the pulmonary veins which carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart. The pulmonary arteries ... "

Tags:lung cancer, pneumonia, tuberculosis, emphysema, pulmonary embolism, homeostasis, nephrons, autoimmunity, immunization