Abstract
This research paper focuses on illegal immigration into the United States. The paper discusses certain issues regarding illegal immigration that correlate with the state of affairs in policy making by the U.S. government such as the topic of health care. Other subjects discussed concerning the topic of illegal immigration include the hiring of illegal immigration and the correlation of this with the spike in numbers of employed illegal immigrants in regards to populations found in the United States. After a discussion of the issues, the paper concludes that they all point toward the detriment that illegal immigration is causing the United States.

Outline:
Health Care
Illegal Immigration and Employment
Issues on Illegal Immigration
Conclusion

From the Paper
"At current rates, the United States spends, on average, $6300 per person, per year on health care. This averages out to be more than 30% more than any other democratic nation (all others of which, have universally covered health care systems). The burden of Americans to pay for the health care of their families, in the current state of the nation, requires wither paying into health care insurance - which may be subsidized by their employer, though not always - or paying for all health care out of pocket, prescription drugs included. In 2004, the cost of American health care rose 7.9% - more than three times the rate of inflation. (NCHC) This brought the total annual cost of American health care to 1.9 trillion tax dollars. This amounts to nearly $6300 per person per year in 2004. The cost of health care has consistently increased each year."

Tags:healthcare, citizenship, employment, economy

Abstract
This paper looks at Canada's controversial race-based immigration policies before 1960. The paper presents a literature review on this topic. The paper then reviews Canada's revamped immigration policies that were launched in the 1960s and 1970s.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Canada's Multicultural Policy

From the Paper
"In the article, "A hundred years of immigration to Canada 1900-1999," published by the Canadian Council for Refugees' (CCR) on their informative Web site (www.web.net/~ccr/history.html), the history of immigration into Canada is presented in great detail. In 1900, for example, 41,681 immigrants "were admitted to Canada... [and most of them who were] farmers.." from northern Europe, the U.S. or Britain, because Clifford Sifton (Minister of Interior) believed that "...a stalwart peasant in a sheepskin coat, born to the soil...with a stout wife and a half dozen children, is good quality." While those Caucasian immigrants were welcomed into Canada, the immigration of Black Americans "was actively discouraged, often on the grounds that they were unsuitable for the climate," the CCR site reported."

Tags:refugees, racism, ethnicity, biases, African-Americans, Jews

Abstract
This paper discusses the topic of immigration in the United States by considering the perspectives of the Republican and Democratic parties. The author addresses issues such as illegal immigration, the integration of immigrants into society and fair treatment. The paper also discusses the attempts that the government has made to address the issue of immigrants and analyzes the similarities and differences in viewpoints of the Republicans and Democrats on the treatment of the immigration process.

From the Paper
"Immigration is one of the most important elements confronting the United States in terms of public policies taking into account that this policy has received wide attention in particular in the 2008 election due to the increase in the number of illegal immigrants. The focus has been on the ideas promoted in particular by the Republicans and the Democrats which argue differently on the matter. Still, it is important to consider these perspectives because they are the ones which will determine the direction of the new policies concerning immigration."

Tags:republican democrats, illegal immigration, equality labor

Abstract
The paper discusses Mexican immigration as one of the hottest social topics of modern day. Everyone seems to have an opinion that details the rights and wrongs of immigration from Mexico. The paper comments that the historical view of Mexican immigrants is one of poor migrant workers who come to the US to earn a living and to support family. This paper discusses the history of Mexican immigration which was welcomed in many periods of US development.

From the Paper
"If Mexican immigrants are given greater opportunity to immigrate, both temporarily and permanently immigration will more likely become an asset rather than a liability to both nations. Mexican immigration in its present form is an issue that will likely stay in the headlines but a greater understanding of its diverse and logical history could help those in opposition to it to better understand the nature of its positive impacts upon the US. Mexican immigration is an inevitable part of the social, economic and political situation of both nations."

Tags:social, security, family, reunification, positive, impacts

Abstract
This paper identifies the focus of research questions used by public opinion scientists to frame the issue of immigration in their studies. The author discusses the known attitudes of Americans towards immigration, including overall public opinion, specific attitudes of significant demographics and relevant research trends. The paper concludes that, even though public opinion regarding immigration is both socially and politically important, research on this topic is still relatively limited. The author points out that polls indicate that, while generally Americans do not support increased immigration, the overall public believes that immigration has benefited the country as a whole but has negatively affected certain economic and social issues. The author underscores that researchers have suggested that family relations and friendships with recent immigrants have shown to produce positive attitudes towards immigration while feelings of prejudice typically coincide with restrictionist immigration views. The paper includes tables.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Methodological and Theoretical Issues Presented by Scientific Public Polls
Objectives and Insights: Overall View, Significant Demographic Disparities and Notable Trends
Attitudes towards Immigration Levels with Possibilities for Future Work
Attitudes towards Immigration in General and Regarding Specific Concerns
Proposed Explanations of Inconsistencies and Possibilities for Future Research
Explaining the Gap between Ethnicities with Recommendations for Future Research
Explaining the Gap between Public and Elites' views with Prospects for Future Work
Two Brief Anomalous Periods in 40-Year Trend Reveals Apathy
Possible Factors Influencing Public Opinion: Significant Case Studies
Methodological and Theoretical Issues Identified with Proposed Framework for Future Research
Kathleen Moore: Direct Exposure Theory
Peter Burns and James Gimpel: Prejudice Fueled by Economic Anxiety
Charles Chandler and Tsai Yung-mei: Ranging Social Factors
Conclusion

From the Paper
"A more likely explanation for this gap is represented by the public's combined ignorance, and even sometimes apathy towards immigration legislation. Take, for example, the Gallup polls surveying public opinion towards the proposed 2007 immigration bill. Despite extensive news coverage and the fact that this poll was conducted just days before Congress was scheduled to debate the bill, the number of respondents claiming to have paid attention to the legislation is discouraging. 40% admit to paying little or no attention to the issue, 42% were somewhat attentive while only 18% followed the bill closely."

Tags:techniques, restrictionist, demographics, friendships, legitimacy

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the problem of illegal immigration into the USA. According to the paper, recent attempts to address the issue through local enforcement may have unsuspecting consequences and a negative impact on the Latino communities.

From the Paper
"According to critics, the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 led to the legalization of vast numbers of undocumented immigrants as a means of reducing unsanctioned immigration, however its main effect was to reinforce and expand established cross-border migration networks and create a thriving business in fraudulent documents (Nevins). These unintended consequences laid the foundation for the anti-immigration backlash that eventually emerged during the 1990's, partially due to political and bureaucratic entrepreneurs who sparked public sentiment by focusing on the border as both the source of the problem and the site of policy solution (Nevins). Others argue that the backlash was not merely against illegal immigrants, but was rather directed against immigrants in general, particularly "the nonwhite, non-English speaking, and the relatively poor" (Nevins). These concerns resulted in a declaration of "war" against unauthorized immigrants which led to a short-term shift in INS (Immigration and Naturalization Service) policing tactics along the Mexico-U.S. border and to the massive infusion of enforcement-related resources, such as California's Operation Gatekeeper (Nevins). "

Tags:Hispanic, mistrust, deportation, Los, Amigos, Mexico-U.S.

Abstract
This paper outlines a brief proposal for a study into determining rural/small town areas where immigrants to Canada might be willing to re-locate. The paper provides some background material on immigration patterns, a statement of the topic/study area, a methodology, potential results and how they would be put to use, and a brief conclusion with recommendations for further study.

Tags:CANADIAN STUDIES AND ISSUES / IMMIGRATION ISSUES (LANGUAGE, GENDER, CULTURE, CLASS), immigration canada metropolitan

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that tackling the issue of human trafficking and prostitution in Europe is a difficult one because the information available is rarely comprehensive or complete. The writer points out that prostitution is, for the most part, an underground economy, which is harder to collect statistical information about, and illegal immigrant prostitution is an even murkier research landscape. This paper attempts to deconstruct arguments made about human trafficking and prostitution in Europe. Sources used are academic texts and journals, as well as some more mainstream content. This paper imparts some idea as to how awkwardly large the question is, as well as the challenges that researchers will face when collecting data and suggesting new policies that might ease the suffering of women caught up in the vicious circles of immigrant prostitution in Europe.

From the Paper
"Bort believes that it is important to discuss the existing correlations will help people discern how the connection of crime and illegal immigration is forged by poverty. He supports this view by discussing the issues surrounding the quality of life at two sides of a border where one nation enjoys a higher standard of living than the other, with the obvious point that the tendency is for women to be shipped west from less affluent eastern countries. Ultimately, he points to financial despair and disparity, along with cloudy ideas about border policy as being primary sources of the existing problem. The evidence he presents sounds plausible, but it is all cited as secondary sources, with little hard data for the reader to digest. Though the sources are from respectable government and academic institutions, there are no hard numbers crunched in Bort's report."

Tags:illegal, immigration, borders, victims

Abstract
The paper discusses how for students specializing in the field of education, the diverse media content that has been offered on the topic of "The Immigrant Experience" represents a complex learning experience that is both informative and challenging. The writer offers a personal perspective as an immigrant to Canada, and relates that he has found himself engaging with the issues and ideas raised in this media content in ways that have not only been thought-provoking, but which have also revealed new avenues for exploration in his future teaching practice. The writer discusses, with reference to his own experience, the themes of identity, balance, and rewards and how they are particularly significant elements of this media content.

From the Paper
"For students specializing in the field of education, the diverse media content that has been offered on the topic of "The Immigrant Experience" represents a complex learning experience that is both informative and challenging. Within a personal perspective, as an immigrant to Canada, I have found myself engaging with the issues and ideas raised in this media content in ways that have not only been thought-provoking, but which have also revealed new avenues for exploration in my future teaching practice. As will be discussed with reference to my own experience, the themes of..."

Tags:migration, rewards, culture

Abstract
This well-researched paper defines multicultural counseling as a relationship in which the counselor and the client belong to different cultural groups, hold different assumptions about social reality and subscribe to different world views. The writer discusses the role of multicultural counselors while stressing the need to increase their understanding of the culture, life history and social circumstances of the people they are counseling. This paper cites relevant statistics and reports pertaining to this topic including the U.S. Census Bureau which states in recent reports that minorities currently make up one-quarter of the U.S. population. This paper examines issues of acculturation, cultural history and norms as well as intergenerational conflicts in two specific families, one South Vietnamese and the other Mexican-American while also detailing the type of counseling recommended for each family. The writer contends and explains why it is imperative for counselors to treat their clients as individuals without stereotyping the cultural characteristics of one specific person to those in the broader cultural community.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Multicultural Counseling
Importance of Multicultural Counseling
Acculturation
The Helping Relationship
Case Study One - The Vu's
Case Study Two - The Santiago's
Role of Supervision
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"When researching a specific culture, it is also important for counselors to be alert to any cultural stereotyping that might be uncovered. For instance, Buriel stated, "Mexican Americans as a group possess characteristics known to be negatively associated with many work attitudes, have experienced the effects of past and current discrimination, and are believed by some to be limited in their economic and occupational advancement." If counselors failed to investigate further, they would be limiting their understanding of Mexican Americans, as well as stereotyping all individuals of Mexican American descent, which would limit the effectiveness of counseling."

Tags:therapy, counseling, treatment, cultural, conflict, ethnic, u.s., immigration, aid